高频振荡通气治疗重症新生儿肺疾病(附7例报告)

报道７例患重症肺疾病新生儿,平均出生体重１１７２±８２８ｇ,孕周３１±４．２周,表现为肺动态顺应性差（０．０２±０．０１２ｍｌ、ｋｐａ~（－１）．ｋｇ~（－１））,虽用高氧（０．８８±０．１３）,高平均气道压（１．１４±０．１３ｋｐａ）机械通气治疗仍不能维持正常血气或出现严重肺间质气肿,经改用高频振荡、高肺容量策略通气后、氧合在４小时内均改善、高碳酸血症在１２小时内得以纠正。７例中６例撤离成功,共存活４例,１例并发Ⅰ～Ⅲ度室管膜下－脑室内出血。表明新生儿重症肺疾病,经传统机械通气（ＣＭＶ）治疗失败时,改用高频振荡通气可改善气体交换,提示高频振荡通气可作为一种抢救重症新生儿呼吸衰竭新的有效手段。     

高频振荡通气抢救新生儿呼吸衰竭

评价高频振荡通气(HFOV)治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的疗效,11例患儿中早产儿9例,合并双侧气胸1例,合并肺出血1例,合并新生儿持续肺动脉高压(PPHN)3例.结果显示治疗半小时,PaCO2由74.38±23.85 mmHg降至41.85±20.53 mmHg(P＜0.05),肺泡氧分压/动脉血氧分压比(a/AP02)由0.23±0.58上升至0.36±0.15(P＜0.05),12小时为0.37±0.11(P＜0.01),氧合指数(OI)和FiO2稳步降低.10例患儿对HFOV有效,1例无效;8例治愈,无1例发生气漏,6例存活早产儿无慢性肺部疾患(CLD)发生.以上提示HFOV对新生儿呼吸衰竭,特别是合并气漏者十分有效,对部分PPHN也有疗效.     

高频振荡通气联用一氧化氮吸入在新生儿气胸中的应用

目的 探讨高频振荡通气(HFOV)联用一氧化氮(NO)吸入治疗新生儿气胸的疗效.方法 选择2003年7月-2008年10月本院新生儿科收治的37例气胸新生儿,均行床边X线胸片,提示肺组织压缩均超过60%,在出现气胸后均接受胸腔闭式引流及机械通气.37例气胸新生儿依治疗方法不同分为2组:HFOV组和HFOV+NO组.HFOV组17例,在出现气胸后机械通气模式选择HFOV治疗;HFOV+NO组20例,在给予HFOV治疗的同时吸入NO,吸入NO水平为(5～15)×10-6.2组在治疗2 h、12 h、24 h 及以后每24 h行血气分析,并详细记录呼吸机参数,计算氧合指数(OI),持续监测NO/NO2水平.结果 2组治疗后2 h氧合情况持续改善,OI值、吸入氧浓度(FiO2)、平均呼吸道压均逐渐降低,动脉血氧分压均升高,但HFOV+NO组较HFOV组改善更显著(Pa＜0.05).HFOV+NO组上机时间(88.2±19.8) h,使用FiO2≥0.8时间(5.4±3.5) h;HFOV组上机时间(105.8±22.5) h,使用FiO2≥0.8时间(15.7±8.2) h.2组在上机时间、使用高浓度氧时间方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(Pa＜0.05).结论 HFOV 联用NO吸入治疗新生儿气胸可迅速改善氧合,纠正低氧血症,缩短高浓度氧及呼吸机使用时间,提高抢救成功率.     

高频振荡通气在新生儿肺透明膜病中的应用

为探讨高频振荡通气 (HFOV)治疗新生儿肺透明膜病 (HMD)的有效性及安全性 ,采用高频振荡通气(HFOV)治疗17例新生儿肺透明膜病 (HMD)患儿。通过调节平均气道压、振荡压力幅度、吸入氧浓度等参数以实现吸入氧浓度≤0.4时 ,经皮氧饱和度≥0.9,PaCO2 位于35～45mmHg 这个目标。治疗过程中监测心率、血压、血气及氧合指数。结果表明 :17例患儿治愈14例 ,死亡2例 ,中途放弃治疗1例。治愈患儿中 ,在施行HFOV治疗48h后平均气道压由(12.0±2.6)cmH2O降至(8.0±2.5)cmH2O(F=4.22,P<0.05) ;吸入氧浓度由0.7±0.2降至0.36±0.16(F=3.48,P<0.05) ;振荡压力幅度由(32.0±4.5)cmH2O降至(22.0±5.0)cmH2O(F=2.95,P<0.05)。用HFOV后肺部氧合得到改善 ,氧合指数由26.1±8.3降至14.2±6.9(F=2.87,P<0.05) ;治疗过程中心率、血压无明显变化 ,提示HFOV用于治疗新生儿HMD是一种安全有效的机械通气方法 ,对心血管无明显副作用     

高频振荡通气治疗新生儿重症肺透明膜病

高频振荡通气(HFOV)是用小于解剖死腔的潮气量以提高频率的振荡产生双相压力变化从而实现有效气体交换的机械通气方法。我科应用德国Drager Baby-log 8000型婴儿高频呼吸机治疗重症肺透明膜病(NRDS),取得较好疗效,现报告如下。     

新生儿呼吸衰竭28例高频振荡通气治疗的疗效观察

目的　探讨高频振荡呼吸机在治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭中的应用价值及其安全性。方法　 2 8例新生儿呼吸衰竭患儿经常频呼吸机治疗无效后改用高频振荡呼吸机治疗 ,观察其治疗前后血气指标的变化及临床疗效。结果　 2 8例患儿中治愈 2 0例 ,治愈率 71 4% ,死亡 5例 ,放弃治疗 3例 ;出现颅内出血等并发症 6例 ;治愈患儿中高频振荡通气 (HFOV)治疗后 8～ 12h的PaCO2 迅速下降 [(6 8± 0 4)kPavs(5 5± 0 6 )kPa,P <0 0 5 ],2 4～ 48h的PaO2 明显上升 [(5 8± 1 1)kPavs(9 2± 1 7)kPa ,P <0 0 5 ];同时吸入氧浓度、平均气道压、振荡压力幅度、血氧合指数等均有明显下降 (P均 <0 0 5 )。结论　HFOV用于治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭 ,是一种疗效肯定、安全性好的新型机械通气方法 ,具有常频机械通气 (CMV)难以比拟的优越性。     

高频振荡通气治疗新生儿肺透明膜病疗效观察

目的探讨高频振荡通气在治疗新生儿肺透明膜病(HMD)中的应用价值及其安全性.方法分别以常频机械通气(CMV)和高频振荡通气(HFOV)治疗HMD患儿,并比较其治疗前后血气指标的变化及临床疗效.结果 1.HFOV组患儿治愈率明显高于CMV组(68.0%vs 38.8%,P<0.05);2.HFOV治疗后肺通、换气功能迅速改善,表现为PaCO2迅速下降(6.8±0.4 vs 5.5±0.6 kPa,P<0.05),PaO2明显上升(5.8±1.1vs 9.2±1.7 kPa,P<0.05),同时所需吸入氧浓度(FiO2)、血氧合指数(OI)等均迅速明显下降(p均<0.05);3.HFOv组并发症及后遗症等均少于CMV组.结论 HFOV用于治疗HMD,是一种疗效肯定、安全性好的新型机械通气方法.     

高频通气治疗新生儿重症呼吸衰竭

目的　评价高频通气 (HFV)治疗新生儿重症呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法　 37例新生儿重症呼吸衰竭患儿 ,因在常频通气 (CMV)治疗过程中出现FiO2 ≥ 0 8,平均气道压≥ 10cmH2 O ,持续 2h以上氧饱和度≤ 90 %或胸片示肺气漏或持续高碳酸血症而启用HFV。记录HFV开始时及治疗后 6、12、2 4h的FiO2 、a A、OI、MAP、PIP、振幅参数。结果　HFV治疗成功组 2 2例 ,HFV治疗失败组 15例。成功组HFV治疗 12h后 ,FiO2 下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ;a A有上升 (P <0 0 5 ) ;OI有显著下降 (P <0 0 1)。失败组HFV治疗 12h后FiO2 无明显变化 ;a A在治疗后 12h无好转 ,2 4h有上升 (P <0 0 5 ) ;OI在HFV治疗后 6h无好转 ,12h后逐渐下降 ,但无统计学意义。结论　应用CMV疗效不佳的新生儿重症呼吸衰竭改用HFV是呼吸序贯治疗的一种有效方法。     

高频振荡通气在新生儿胎粪吸入综合征中的应用

目的 探讨常频机械通气(CMV)与高频机械通气(HFOV)在治疗重症胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)的临床疗效.方法 将2007年1月 - 2009年12月收入NICU进行机械通气的64例重症MAS患儿,随机分为CMV组(32例)和HFOV组(32例),对比两种通气方法的治疗效果.结果 两组患儿上机前(0 h)的pH值、PaO2、PaCO2、PaO2/FiO2、OI值差异均无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05),上机后在2、12、24、48 h时间点上,除上机后48 h的pH值两组相比差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05)外,其余各时间点差异均有统计学意义(P均＜ 0.05);两组患儿的平均上机时间比较差异有高度统计学意义(t ＝ 3.30,P ＜ 0.01);两组患儿上机后的并发症比较差异有统计学意义(χ2 ＝ 4.01,P ＜ 0.05);两组患儿的治愈率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2 ＝ 4.73,P ＜ 0.05).结论 重症MAS的治疗可首选HFOV,HFOV治疗重症MAS安全、有效.     

High frequency oscillatory ventilation: Initial experience in 22 patients

Objectives: To report the outcome of a consecutive cohort of neonates treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV).
Methodology Prospective cohort study of 22 neonates failing conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) between October 1992 and August 1993. Outcomes evaluated were in-hospital survival rate, comorbidities including patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), cerebroventricular haemorrhages (CVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and acute changes in respiratory status.
Results Eighteen of 22 (81.8%) survived. Of the four children who died, one did not respond to HFOV and died within 24 h of treatment. Two died of respiratory failure complicated by pulmonary haemorrhage. The remaining infant responded to HFOV but later developed severe NEC while on minimal CMV and died at 2 weeks of age.
Three subjects were ≥34 weeks' gestation; each responded well to HFOV with no substantial comorbidity. Of the remaining 19 infants <34 weeks' gestation, six (31.6%) had a PDA, and seven (36.8%) had a CVH. One infant developed cystic periventricular leucomalacia. Three infants (15.8%) had NEC. Respiratory failure in the 15 survivors with gestational ages <34 weeks improved dramatically with HFOV. Ten (66.7%) survivors <34 weeks developed BPD and 10 (66.7%) ROP.
Conclusion High frequency oscillatory ventilation was associated with a survival rate of 81.8%, but with significant comorbidity.     

High frequency oscillatory ventilation in infants with increased intra-abdominal pressure

AIMS—To describe the short term effect of high frequency oscillatory ventilation on infants with severe abdominal distension who could not be conventionally ventilated.METHODS—Eight infants (25 to 38 gestational weeks, birthweight 600-3200 g, postnatal age 1 to 190 days) with a variety of intra-abdominal pathologies, resulting in severe abdominal distension and failure of conventional ventilation, were studied.RESULTS—The oxygenation status of all infants significantly improved within an hour of changing from conventional to high frequency oscillatory ventilation. Infants who were hypercapneic on conventional ventilation also showed a reduction in PaCO₂. As a group, the mean (SD) PaO₂/FIO₂ improved from 4.99 (0.98) kpa to 11.55 (3.8) kpa (P = 0.002), and the PaCO₂ from 6.48 (2.12) kpa to 4.89 (1.22) kpa (P= 0.028). These improvements were sustained throughout the next 48 hours.CONCLUSION—High frequency oscillatory ventilation seems to be an effective rescue measure for infants with respiratory failure secondary to increased intra-abdominal pressure.     

高频振荡通气治疗新生儿肺出血的临床研究

目的探讨高频振荡通气(HFOV)治疗新生儿肺出血的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析高频和常频通气(CMV)治疗肺出血患儿62例的临床效果,比较两组患儿的肺氧合功能、肺出血时间、住院时间、上机时间、氧疗时间、合并症及转归。结果 HFOV组治疗后1、6、12、24、48、72 h氧合指数(OI)明显低于CMV组,动脉/肺泡氧分压(a/APO2)明显高于CMV组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HFOV组呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率明显低于CMV组(P<0.05),治愈率增高(P<0.05)。HFOV组气胸、颅内出血、消化道出血、血糖异常、败血症、肾功能损害的发生率与CMV组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。存活患儿中,HFOV组在肺出血时间、住院时间、上机时间、氧疗时间较CMV组明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论 HFOV能更好地改善肺出血患儿氧合功能,降低VAP的发生率,缩短病程,提高治愈率,与CMV组比较并不增加不良反应的发生率。     

高频震荡通气联合一氧化氮治疗重症胎粪吸入综合征

目的 探讨高频震荡通气(high frequency oscillatory ventilation,HFOV)联合吸入一氧化氮(inhaled nitric oxide,iNO)治疗重症新生儿胎粪吸入综合征(meconium aspiration syndrome,MAS)的临床疗效.方法 2008年10月至2011年5月期间入住我科的60例重症MAS患儿,出生后均需机械通气治疗,上机前氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI)均＞30.根据通气模式的不同,将60例患儿随机分为HFOV组、常频通气(conventional mechanical ventilation,CMV)组和HFOV+ iNO组,每组各20例,并比较3组的疗效,包括OI值、肺气漏及肺动脉高压的发生率.结果 机械通气治疗24h后,HFOV组及HFOV+ iNO组患儿较CMV组OI值明显降低(19.0±4.5 vs 11.0±5.3 vs 25.0±7.1,P＜0.05),并且HFOV+ iNO组在治疗4h后OI即出现明显下降(36.0±7.4至24.0±5.2).CMV组患儿肺气漏发生率为25％(5/20),HFOV组及HFOV+ iNO组均无肺气漏发生;HFOV组肺动脉高压发生率为30％(6/20),CMV组肺动脉高压发生率为40％(8/20),HFOV+ iNO组无一例发生肺动脉高压.结论 HFOV联合iNO是治疗重症MAS首选机械通气策略,两者合用疗效最佳.     

High frequency oscillatory ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

We report on 50 term and near-term neonates (birth weight > 1800 g, gestational age > 33 weeks) with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), referred to us from January 1987 to July 1991 after failure of maximum conventional treatment. All infants had paO₂<45 mm Hg when ventilated with peak inspiratory pressure >38 cm H₂O and FiO₂=1.0, hence meeting entry criteria for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) was tried in all patients. If sufficient oxygenation could not be achieved (paO₂<40 mm Hg for at least 2 h), ECMO therapy was begun, which was the case in 25 children. Neonates responding to HFOV (n=25) were of a slightly younger gestational age (37.0 weeks vs 38.8 weeks,P<0.05), had higher Apgar scores and were less hypoxaemic before HFOV (paO₂ 36.6 mm Hg vs 28.8 mm Hg,P<0.01); during HFOV there was a significant rise in paO₂ (> 150 mm Hg;P<0.001) and a fall in pCO₂ to 21.6 mm Hg (P<0.001). Due to air leaks, which was the main complication of HFOV (52%), ECMO therapy had to be begun in two additional infants after an initial positive effect. HFOV tended to be successful in cases of primary PPHN, meconium aspiration and sepsis, but not in infants with lung hypoplasia as a result of diaphragmatic hernia or other reasons. Success or failure of HFOV could not be reliably predicted by any parameter. Mean duration of HFOV was 37.8 h vs 84.9 h of ECMO. PPHN could be overcome in 88% of the HFOV-treated and in 76% of the ECMO-treated infants; overall survival rate was 74% (predicted probability of survival using maximum conventional treatment <10%). There were no significant differences between HFOV/ECMO groups with regard to duration of ventilation following HFOV/ECMO, total time in hospital, rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurological complications (intracranial haemorrhage, brain infarction). Among the survivors, the rate of mentally handicapped children was equal in both groups (overall 18.9%). Our analysis shows that about 50% of neonates with PPHN who fail to respond to conventional ventilatory support and maximum treatment can be treated successfully with HFOV, thus avoiding ECMO. By applying both forms of therapy, the survival rate of infants with severe PPHN can be increased from an estimated rate of <10% up to 80%.     

新生儿高频振荡通气时呼出气潮气量与动脉二氧化碳分压的研究

目的 探讨新生儿高频振荡通气(HFOV)时呼出气潮气量与动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)变化的关系.方法 对应用HFOV的重症呼吸衰竭新生儿,监测记录PaCO2、呼出气潮气量(VTe)、呼吸机频率(F)、平均气道压(MAP)、振幅(ΔP)及吸入氧浓度(FiO2)等指标,并进行相关性分析.结果 共46例患儿接受HFOV治疗,平均胎龄(36.37 ± 3.53)周,出生体质量(2.76 ± 7.77)kg.不同PaCO2组( ＜ 35 mmHg、35 ～ 45 mmHg、46 ～ 55 mmHg、＞ 55 mmHg)对应VTe/kg平均值分别为(2.20 ± 0.40)ml/kg、(1.96 ± 0.46)ml/kg、(1.71 ± 0.44)ml/kg、(1.21 ± 0.33)ml/kg,组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2 ＝ 85.74,P ＜ 0.05),Vte/kg与PaCO2呈负相关(r ＝ -0.59,P ＜ 0.05).当PaCO2于正常范围(35 ～ 45 mmHg),MAP为8 ～ 10 cmH2O、11 ～ 13 cmH2O、14 ～ 16 cmH2O、＞ 16 cmH2O时,对应VTe/kg平均值分别为(1.73 ± 0.33)ml/kg、(1.90 ± 0.39)ml/kg、(2.19 ± 0.54)ml/kg、(2.53 ± 0.53)ml/kg,组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2 ＝ 18.96,P ＜ 0.05),VTe/kg和MAP呈正相关(r ＝ 0.43,P ＜ 0.05).经多元线性回归分析逐步法建立回归方程:PaCO2 ＝ -13 VTe/kg + 4.32 F + 0.13 FiO2 + 19.68(r ＝ 0.68,r2 ＝ 0.47,P ＜ 0.05).结论 新生儿高频振荡通气时VTe/kg与PaCO2呈负相关,PaCO2正常范围时VTe/kg和MAP呈正相关;高频振荡通气时监测VTe可作为调控PaCO2的参考.