Antifungal Molecules Produced by a New Salt-Tolerant and Alkaliphilic Streptomyces sp. BS30 Isolated from an Arid Soil

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - A salt-tolerant and alkaliphilic actinomycete BS30 isolated from a Saharan soil sample of Algeria, exhibited...     

弱智儿童与正常儿童智力结构的比较研究

以中国－韦氏儿童智力量表和修订幼儿Ｈ．Ｒ神经心理测验中的范畴测验作为儿童智力和思维能力的指标，对４７名８－１１岁弱智儿童和５０名普通小学儿童进行了测试，发现弱智儿童ＩＱ在４６－６９之间，属智力迟滞，与教育的筛选结果相同。且危险因素明显多于正常儿童。正常儿童ＩＱ在１１０－１３３之间，属高于平常智力，两组间有显著性差异。两组儿童智力结构图走势相似，提示智力测验对个体的指导意义更大。弱智儿童与正常儿童的范畴测验得分有极显著的差异，且与ＩＱ呈显著负相关，提示范畴测验鉴别力良好，可单独作为儿童思维能力的检测指标。     

Isolation, Purification and Partial Characterization of an Antibacterial Agent Produced by Halotolerant Alkaliphilic Streptomyces sp. EWC 7(2)

A halotolerant alkaliphilic actinomycetes strain EWC 7(2) was isolated from earthworm castings located in Dehradun, India. It showed the morphological, chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics of the genus Streptomyces. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence analysis and physiological tests, this isolate was found to be most closely related with Streptomyces ghanaensis. The optimum metabolite production was recorded in Glucose soyabean meal medium which is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including drug resistant bacterial pathogens. The antibacterial activity started in the beginning of the exponential phase of growth (2 days) and reached maximum at 3–8 days while the maximum dry mycelial weight was obtained by 3–5 days of fermentation. The best growth and metabolite production was observed at a salt concentration of 4 % (w/v) and above pH 8. The antibiotic was extracted with HP Dianion resin eluted with methanol and detected by bioautography on silica gel plates using Micrococcus luteus MTCC106 as test organism. The results of bioautography revealed the presence of single active compound. The antibiotic compound was further purified by semi-prep HPLC. The spectroscopic studies such as UV–Vis, infrared, and mass of the compound showed that the molecule may be different from other known antibiotics produced by most closely related species of Streptomyces EWC 7(2). The results obtained from this study are promising however; further studies are required to elucidate the structure of the active compound.     

溶药用注射针头及药液瓶橡胶塞微粒污染影响的研究

对临床静脉滴注溶药用的注射针头、药液瓶所用新旧橡胶塞的微粒污染影响进行了实验研究。结果表明：注射针头产生的微粒污染与针头的使用频率呈正相关，故建议使用一次性针头。对不同结构的两种插瓶用针头（斜面针头、侧孔针头）的观察表明，在使用中两者造成的微粒污染类似、差异无显著性。对药液瓶所用新旧橡胶塞的测定结果表明，在有绦纶膜保护的条件下，新旧橡胶塞所产生的微粒污染差异无显著性，这为旧橡胶塞的合理重复使用提供了实验依据。     

Comparative Study on Tree Diversity and Population Structure in Two Forest Types of Nagaland,India

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - A study was carried out to investigate the population structure and tree species diversity in two different...     

腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管间质部妊娠的疗效观察

[目的]探讨腹腔镜治疗输卵管间质部妊娠的效果.[方法]回顾分析腹腔镜手术治疗15例输卵管间质部妊娠的效果,并与同期行开腹手术治疗的17例进行比较.[结果]两组在手术时间、术后住院天数及术后恢复方面存在明显差异(P＜0.05),在手术中的出血量无差异(P＞0.05);术后随访两组病人血β-HCG均在2～7周恢复正常,无一例发生持续性异位妊娠.[结论]在无腹腔镜手术禁忌证的情况下,腹腔镜治疗输卵管间质部妊娠比开腹手术有一定的优越性,其创伤小,恢复快,安全可行,但应根据患者具体情况选择最佳的手术方式.     

外周假性动脉瘤破裂出血原因及救治16例报告的临床分析

外周假性动脉瘤是一种不稳定的血管继发性疾病,一旦破裂可导致大出血,如救治不及时可引起失血性休克,病死率和致残率很高,因此本病已受到广泛关注。现对2008-2012年我院收治的16例外周假性动脉瘤破裂患者进行回顾性分析,现报告如下。     

有效清洁自然通风与紫外线照射空气净化作用对比研究

目的寻求一种有效、安全、无毒、方便、实用、费用低、回归自然的空气净化方法。方法选择医院1、3、5、8层楼普通病房和治疗室的空气质量作为监测对象,在不同季节、不同时间,同时进行有效清洁后自然通风与紫外线照射前后的空气、物体表面采样,监测细菌菌落情况并进行相互对比分析。结果有效清洁后自然通风能使室内空气清新洁净,各项空气监测参数达到一般病房空气指标要求,与紫外线照射后空气监测结果进行比较,两者无显著性差异。结论有效清洁通风能取代或弥补目前医院紫外线照射存在的缺点及局限性,可作为病房内空气净化的常规方法。     

肋骨、肋软骨骨折X线与超声诊断的对比研究

目的：探讨肋骨及肋软骨骨折的超声诊断价值。方法：对31例肋骨、7例肋软骨骨折的X线及B型超声特点进行回顾性分析。结果：X线诊断肋骨骨折26例,阳性率83.87%,肋软骨未显像;超声诊断肋骨骨折31例,肋软骨骨折7例,阳性率100%。结论：超声对肋骨、肋软骨骨折,特别是线形骨折的诊断明显优于X线,二者结合分析,可提高诊断率。     

双平面食管超声与经胸超声对左心耳血栓的诊断价值

应用经胸及双平面食管超声心动图（ＴＴＥ和ＴＥＥ）检测５５例手术证实的风湿性二尖瓣病变者左心耳血栓形成情况，ＴＥＥ对左心耳血栓的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性分别为１００％、９７．４％、９４．１％、１００％及９８．２％，而ＴＴＥ的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性分别为３１．３％、８９．７％、５５．６％、７６．０％、及７２．７％。左心耳血栓多附着于心耳顶部及外侧壁。结果表明：ＴＥＥ对左心耳的检测价值明显高于ＴＴＥ；双平面ＴＥＥ不能进一步提高ＴＥＥ对左心耳血栓的检测能力；提高ＴＴＥ对左心耳的检测能力有赖于对左心耳的完整显示及对血栓附着部位的认识。     

Comparative in vitro activities of new 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides.

The in vitro activities of several 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides were compared with that of erythromycin. In general, 14-membered macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and flurithromycin were more active against streptococci and Bordetella pertussis than was the 15-membered macrolide azithromycin, which was more active than 16-membered macrolides such as miocamycin and rokitamycin. Clarithromycin was the most active compound against Streptococcus pyogenes, pneumococci, Listeria monocytogenes, and Corynebacterium species. Legionella pneumophila was most susceptible to miocamycin, clarithromycin, and rokitamycin. Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Haemophilus influenzae were most susceptible to azithromycin. Azithromycin and dirithromycin were the most active compounds against Campylobacter jejuni. MICs of 16-membered macrolides for strains expressing inducible-type resistance to erythromycin were less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, whereas none of the compounds had activity against strains expressing constitutive-type resistance. The MICs of roxithromycin, miocamycin, rokitamycin, and josamycin increased in the presence of human serum, whereas MICs of the other compounds either were unchanged or decreased.     

细胞因子联合激活人骨髓和外周血免疫细胞的比较研究

在本研究中比较了某些细胞因子在体外联合激活骨髓和外周血免疫细胞后二免疫细胞数量、形态、细胞化学染色、免疫表型和细胞毒变化的差异。在体外加入INF－γ，rIL-1，rIL-2和McAb-CD3分别激培养骨髓笔外周血单个核细胞，培养过程中观察两组免疫细胞增数量及形态的变化，培养前后两组取样进行细胞化学染色和有型检测，用MTT法检测培养后两组的细胞毒情况。研究结果发现，两组的细胞数量在激活培养后均较培养前明显增加，但外周血组增加倍数更多（P＜0．05）；细胞化学染色可见两组培养以后髓过氧化物酶积分均较培养前减少，过碘酸雪夫染色见两组含较多粗颗粒的淋巴样细胞明显较培养前多，两组CD3^ ，CD56^＋和CD38^ 细胞较培养前明显增加（P＜0．05），但两组增殖无明显差别；骨髓组培养后CD3^ CD56^ 细胞无明显增加，而外周血组培养后激活增加显（P＜0．05）；两组激活培养后细胞的细胞毒无明显差异，结论：rIL-γ，rIL-1，rIL-2和CD3单抗联合激活骨髓和外周血单个核细胞可使二细胞数量和细胞毒明显增加，在临床上可利用激活的不同来源的细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞进行细胞免疫治疗。     

中美两国高职护理课程体系结构的比较及其启示

目的：比较中、美两国高职护理课程体系组成结构的异同点,为构建与国际护理教育接轨的我国护理学高职教育课程体系提供启示。方法按地域分布选取美国10所、国内5所高职护理院校,运用文献研究法、网络资源调查法搜集这些院校课程资料,继而运用比较研究法对课程资料比较分析。结果中国高职护理课程体系结构较美国更复杂;两国课程体系组成结构在课程门数及总学时、课程类型及学时分配、各类型课程的构成、理论与实践学时分配等方面均存在差异。结论国内可对相关课程进行综合,提高课程体系的整合程度;增加实践学时;适当拓宽人文与社会科学课程的内容。     

视网膜色素上皮失代偿的OCT图像与FFA图像对比性研究

目的 通过光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography，OCT）和眼底荧光血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography＇FFA）观察视网膜色素上皮失代偿（retinal pigment epithelial decompensatien，REPD）患者黄斑部影像学特征。方法 对临床诊断为视网膜色素上皮失代偿的62例患者，115只眼进行光学相干断层扫描检查，观察其形态并测量病灶的高度和宽度，同时与眼底荧光血管造影对照。结果视网膜色素上皮失代偿OCT图像，共有5种表现：（1）色素上皮（retinal pigment epithelial，RPE）脱失；（2）浆液性色素上皮脱离（serous detachment of pigment epithelial，EPD）；（3）色素上皮脱离并相邻的神经上皮间断脱离：（4）黄斑上下局部神经上皮脱离；（5）隐匿性神经上皮浅脱离。结论 OCT同时辅助FFA可准确地诊断视网膜色素上皮失代偿。     

LASIK与LASEK矫正近视的对比研究

[目的]对比分析准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术（LASIK）和准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术（LASEK）术后安全性、有效性.[方法]选择高度近视72例127眼,分为LASEK治疗组38例（68眼）和LASIK治疗组34例（59眼）,检查并比较两组患者术后裸眼视力（UCVA）、屈光度、角膜上皮下雾状混浊（haze） 程度和并发症.[结果]术后1周时, LASEK 组UCVA 明显低于LASIK组（P〈 0.05）,但术后1个月、3 个月、6个月时两组UCVA 比较,差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）.术后1周及1个月、3个月时,两组屈光度比较,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）.术后6个月时,两组中有部分患者出现屈光回退现象,LASEK 组回退幅度较LASIK组明显,两组屈光度比较,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）.全部患者手术进行顺利,术中无严重的并发症发生.LASIK 组未出现Haze, 而LASEK组术后可见少量haze, 无2级以上Haze出现.[结论]LASIK和LASEK在矫正高度近视方面均具有良好的有效性好,安全性,但前者较后者视力恢复快,而远期疗效和安全性不及后者.     

非风湿性房颤和风湿性房颤所致心源性脑卒中的对比研究

目的:对比分析非风湿性房颤和风湿性房颤所致心源性脑卒中的临床表现和影像学特点。方法:回顾经临床证实非风湿性房颤(A组)和风湿性房颤(B组)所致的176例心源性脑卒中患者的临床表现及影像学检查结果,进行对比分析。结果:A组男性、高龄、患高血压病和冠心病者明显多于B组(P<0.05);A组60.3%和B组65.0%患者存在多发梗死灶,梗死灶主要分布于颈内动脉系统的大脑中动脉供血区和内分水岭区。结论:非风湿性房颤和风湿性房颤所致心源性脑卒中患者在性别、年龄和高血压或冠心病的患病率上存在差异,而在颅内梗死灶分布规律上基本一致。     

基于平均核苷酸相似度和16S rDNA技术对全球沙门氏菌的鉴定比对分析

摘要:目的﹑评估平均核苷酸相似度(average nucleotide idenity,ANI)和16S rDNA技术对沙门氏菌的鉴定能力。方法﹐从GenBank数据库批量下载全球沙门氏菌基因组和相应血清型,以沙门氏菌典型菌株的基因组作为分型菌株。利用fastANI软件,根据默认参数进行ANI分析。使用在线软件SpeciesFinder针对细菌的16S rDNA进行物种和血清型鉴定。结果﹐在下载的2306个基因组中,1 767株沙门氏菌存在178种血清型,以鼠伤寒沙门菌323株(18.3%)和肠炎沙门菌300株(17.0%)最为常见。ANI分析显示,以95%为界值时,仅有30株(1.3%)沙门氏菌被分配到1个特定的亚种,其余2.276株(98.7%)沙门氏菌均可分配到2~5个亚种;以97%为界值时,2306株(100%)沙门氏菌均可被鉴定到唯一的亚种。基于16 rDNA的分析仅鉴定出1072株(46.5%)沙门氏菌,其中95.2%(1 021/1072)的沙门氏菌鉴定的亚种结果与ANI(≥97%)分析鉴定的结果完全一致;与已知的血清型相比,仅有2.4%(19/784)的沙门氏菌与已知的血清型结果一致。结论ANI更适合沙门氏菌的种及亚种鉴定,ANI≥97%可作为沙门氏菌亚种的鉴定标准。16S rDNA技术对于沙门氏菌鉴定的敏感性尚有待提高。     

经胸和经食管超声诊断纵隔肿瘤的对比研究

用经胸超声（ＴＴＥ）和经食管超声（ＴＥＥ）两种方法检查了３０例纵隔肿瘤患者，以探讨两者在诊断纵隔肿瘤中的价值。结果：ＴＴＥ和ＴＥＥ在诊断纵隔肿瘤中具有可行性及实用性；判断肿瘤良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确性及阳性预告值两种方法没有显著性差异。体外模拟试验结果ＴＥＥ比ＴＴＥ更接近手术观察结果。ＴＴＥ的显示率７５％，ＴＥＥ８７％。结论：ＴＴＥ对前上纵隔肿瘤显示较好，可做为纵隔肿瘤的常规检查，ＴＥＥ对中纵隔肿瘤的观察较好，可做为ＴＴＥ的补充。     

Comparative activity of penciclovir and acyclovir in mice infected intraperitoneally with herpes simplex virus type 1 SC16.

Penciclovir [PCV; 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)guanine; BRL 39123] is a potent and selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus in human cell culture. We have compared the activities of PCV and acyclovir (ACV) in DBA/2 mice infected intraperitoneally with herpes simplex virus type 1 SC16 by measuring the amount of virus in peritoneal washings. In untreated mice after an eclipse phase, virus titers are maximum at 48 h after infection and decline thereafter. PCV and ACV reduced virus replication to a similar extent when given ad libitum in drinking water, even though ACV had better oral bioavailability and greater potency in murine cells. Thus, PCV was more active than had been predicted. In dose-response experiments, PCV given as a single subcutaneous dose 24 h after infection was active at a 10-fold-lower dose than ACV (P < 0.01). A single subcutaneous dose of PCV at 5 h after infection prevented virus replication for 3 days and was more effective than three doses of ACV given 1, 5, and 20 h after infection (P < 0.05). The superior activity of PCV following discrete dosing is not due to pharmacokinetic differences but is probably a reflection of the known stability of the intracellular triphosphate. In this model, the maintenance of high concentrations in blood is less important for PCV than for ACV and may lead to less-frequent doses in clinical use.