Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney: a clinicopathological analysis of five cases

Juxiaglomerular cell tunor (JGCT)is a kind of rare renal neoplasm that was first deseribed by Robertson in     

Anomaly and tumor of the kidney and urinary tract

930159 Transurethral microwave irradiationfor bladder neoplasm.YANG Xuehui(杨学辉),et al.Dept Urol,Beijing Milit Area GeneralHosp,100700.Natl Med J China 1992;72(9):531-533.Forty-two patients with bladder neoplasmwere treated effectively by transurethral mi-     

15.9.Anomaly and tumor of the kidney and urinary tract

930335 Relationship between the cytosolic freecalcium concentration of renal proximal tubularcells and cell injury.LI Shimei (李士梅),JIANG Yuan (姜袁).Kidney Res Instit Zhong-shan Med Univ,Guangzhou.Chin J Nephrol1992;8 (6):321—324.Renal proximal tubular cells were obtained by     

Bone tumor—— MRI diagnosis of neurilemmoma of the brachial plexus

Objective To investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in the diagnosis of neurilemmoma of the brachial plexus. Methods Preoperative MRI images of 36 consecutive eases of neurliemmornas of the brachial plexus, proven surgically and pathologically, were reviewed. The MRI findings were analyzed for location, size, margin, signal intensity, contrast enhancement of the mass, and the extent of the lesions. Results The roots, trunks, and various divisions of the brachial plexus appeared as linear structures with low signal intensity on MR images obtained with all sequences. All patients had large schwannomas （mean size 〉 4.9 cm in diameter） presenting as masses along a braehial plexus nerve root as explored by MRI. 30 cases of the masses exhibited spindle or oblong shape with well-defined margins. 16 cases appeared as homogeneous hypo-or iso-intense to muscle in T1-wei- hgted images, hyper-intense in T2-weighted images, and moderate contrast enhancement after abministmtion of contrast media. 20 lesions were hypo-isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous hyper-intense on T2-weighted images which may have central areas with low signal intensity, the so-called ＂target sign＂, and enhance intensely after administration of gadolinium-based contrast material. Conclusion The locations, morphologic features and MR signal characteristics are useful in making a proper preoperative diagnosis of neurilemmomas of the brachial plexus. 6 refs, 1 fig.     

Bone tumor：Effect of hypoxia on the biological characters of osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2

Objective To investigate the change of biological characters under the hypoxie environment in vitro in osteosarooma cell line SaOS-2. Methods The hypoxia culture model was established by a hypoxic chamber. Flow cytometer was used to analyze the cell cycles. The ability of invasion and migration in vitro was deteetd by scratch injury model and Boyden chamber.     

The diagnosis and treatment of phyllodes tumor of the breats: report of 14 cases

Objective To evaluate the potential prognostic factors, and to better define appropriate treatment strategies for patients with phyllodes tumor of the breast. Methods Fourteen patients treated primarily for phyllodes tumor of the breast were reviewed retrospectively. Results The median age was 35 years. According to the histologic criteria of WHO .there were 5 benign cases (36 %), 5 borderline cases (36 %), and 4 malignant cases (29 %). Seven patients underwent local excision, 4 cases did simple mastectomy, and 3 cases did modified radical mastectomy. Follow-up was obtained for 11 cases, with an average of 19 months. One patients died from metastasis 2 years after a modified radical mastectomy. Three patients treated by local excision presented local recurrence. Conclusion The outcome of phyllodes tumor appears to be determined by the biology of the tumor rather than by treatment modality. A wide local excision, with an adequate margin of normal breast tissue is the preferred initial therapy for phyllod     

Prospective study of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: is tumor volume a predictor for the residual tumor?

Background  The presence of residual tumor after surgery for pituitary adenoma may necessitate further treatment. The suprasellar and parasellar extension of the tumor have been widely considered as the predictors for residual tumor. However there is scarcity of studies regarding the preoperative tumor volume and residual tumor. This study was conducted to evaluate if tumor volume could predict the outcome of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Methods  A prospective study was designed and 48 patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery within 1 year in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were included in this study. The preoperative tumor volume and immediate postoperative tumor volume (within 4–7 days) were calculated in the contrast magnetic resonance imaging by using the formula of ellipsoid. All these volumes were divided into three subgroups, i.e. group 1, group 2 and group 3 with preoperative volume of less than 4 cm³, 4–8 cm³, and more than 8 cm³ respectively. The parasellar and suprasellar extension of the tumor were also classified by Knosp and modified Hardy’s classifications.

Results  Baseline characteristics were comparable. The preoperative tumor volume of more than 8 cm³ (group 3, (12.1±1.1) cm³) had increased risk on postoperative tumor residue (P <0.01) than the other two groups ((2.1±0.3) cm³ and (6.1±0.3) cm³ in groups 1 and 2). The mean postoperative volume in group 3 patients ((2.2±0.1) cm³) was significantly higher than the other two groups (P <0.01).

Conclusion  Preoperative volume of more than 8 cm³ can be considered as a predictor for postoperative residual volume.

     

An experimental study on the expression of SV40 large tumor antigen in human brain tumors

In recent years, it has become a novel hot spotof oncology that the research on the relationship between simian virus 40 (SV40) and the etiology ofhuman brain tumors as well as other types of tumors.However, the presence of SV40 and the expression ofoncoprotein large tumor antigen (Tag) in human braintumors remain a controversial issue. It is known thathuman cells are only semipermissive for SV40 infection, even if SV40 is in human brain tumors indeed,whether SV40 is associated with human …     

Recurrent malignant carotid body tumor:report of one case and review of the literature

Cacoromtipdo sbeoddy o tfum cohrr o(mCaBfTfin) i sc eall sra,re g truomupors, owfhic chel ilssassociated with the autonomous system, occurring at thecarotid bifurcation·This tumor grows slowly, usually witha history of several years and seldom undergoes malignanttransformation·The majority of CBTare benign, only fewcases of malignantCBTs were reported in the literature·1-3Over a period of 10 years (1993 -2004), 28 patientswith CBT were diagnosed and surgically treated in theDepartment …     

The Effect of Flexion-Extension Motion of the Lumbar Spine on the Capacity of the Spinal Canal: An Experimental Study

The symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis are often posture-dependent, and it is generally accepted that the ca pacity of the spinal canal is affected by flexion-extension motions of the lumbar spine. A study of spinal ca pacity in flexion-extension of ten cadaver specimens on the lumbar spine was done and measurements were obtained from the flexion-extension lateral myelograms. There proved to be a larger capacity     

“NEONATE”—An expert application for the “HELP” system: Comparison of the computer's and the physician's problem list

NEONATE is a prototype of an expert application for the HELP Hospital Information System. Its goal is to improve documentation in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit. The decision module of NEONATE is designed to produce an admission problem list. In this paper, the admission problem list that NEONATE generates was compared to the admission problem list of the current CETUS system for 30 patients. These were compared to a retrospectively constructed gold standard problem list. Of 101 problems in the gold standard list, 56 were on the current admission reports; 82 were found by NEONATE. NEONATE found 31 problems missed on the current admission reports; the current admission reports contained 5 problems missed by NEONATE. The current admission reports contained 9 false positives; whereas NEONATE's reports contained 27. Of the 27, 16 were caused by a single rule in NEONATE. We conclude that an expert system has great potential for improving the documentation of the patient problem list.     

The benefits of estrogen or selective estrogen receptor modulator on kidney and its related disease—chronic kidney disease—mineral and bone disorder: Osteoporosis

An umbrella concept addressing the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mineral and bone disorders has been developed in recent years. Given the high prevalence of osteoporosis-related fractures in postmenopausal women with CKD, especially those undergoing chronic hemodialysis, the strategy used in the prevention and management of CKD and its associated osteoporosis in these postmenopausal women has become a topic of substantial debate. This controversy has ongoing relevance because osteoporosis results in a significant economic burden secondary to increased morbidity and mortality. The perfect goal of treatment and prevention includes both bone protection and renal protection, or at least protection of one disease without compromising the other disease. Both CKD and osteoporosis are frequently observed in the same patients, and often have parallel progression in postmenopausal women. Estrogen, the main female hormone during reproductive age, has been reported to have a protective effect on kidney fibrosis in several animal models, and is also considered one of the most effective drugs in the management of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and prevention of osteoporosis. However, due to the many adverse events associated with the use of estrogen with and without progestin, some of which have contributed to significant morbidity and mortality, drug modification, which has had fewer reported incidences of adverse events without compromising the protective effect on both the kidney and bone, may have an easier road to acceptance. Therapeutic alternatives, such as the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), have shown the benefits of estrogen on bone, serum lipid levels, and renal protection, without any adverse effects on the breast and endometrium. The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation trial (MORE) and its extension—Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE), a double-blind, randomized clinical trial encompassing postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, showed promising results in both bone and renal studies. Raloxifene increased bone mineral density (BMD) in the spine and femoral neck and reduced the risk of vertebral fracture. In addition, raloxifene slowed the increase in the rate of serum creatinine and also significantly slowed the decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate; of most importance, raloxifene use was associated with significantly fewer kidney-related adverse events. Hemodialyzed women on raloxifene treatment demonstrated increased trabecular BMD, a decrease in bone resorption markers, and a decrease in the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol value. Thus, raloxifene and, most likely, other SERMs could be better in place of estrogen in the management of postmenopausal women with CKD and its associated osteoporosis, although much evidence should be provided in the advanced-stage CKD, especially in the Stage 5 CKD patients on dialysis.     

Combined use of retroperitoneal laparoscopy and bladder resectoscope to treat renal and ureteral tumor occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney (report of 5 cases)

Combined use of retroperitoneal laparoscopy and bladder resectoscope to treat renal and ureteral tumor occurring at the same side of transplanted kidney (report of 5 cases)@欧彤文$Dept Urol,Beijing Xuanwu Hosp Affil Cap Univ Med Sci,Beijing 100053     

An Investigation on the Phenotype of Cultured Den—dritic Cells from the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Breast Cancer

Objective To induce and culture the dendritic cells in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients and research on their phenotype.Methods Mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll Hypaque centrifugation from32breast cancer patients‘peripheral blood.These cells were plated in six-well culture plates(10^6/ml,2ml/well)in RPMI1640medium supplemented with10%heat-in-activated fetal bovine serum,100ng/mlGM-CSF,20ng/mlIL-4,and/or20n g/mlTNF-α.Twohours later,nonadherent cells were gently removed and fresh medium was added.Cultured cells were ana-lyzed by flow cytometry with flujorescence labeled monoclonal antibodies.Pictures of cultured and fluores-cence stained cells were taken by confocal scanning microscope.Results The diameter of the cells was between 10and 20micron.Cells displayed a characteristicCD1a^ ,CD40^ ,CD80^ ,CD86^ and CD83^ phenotypes.All of these molecules were not specific for dendritic cells.CD1a and CD83 molecules could also be expressed on the surface of CD3^ T lymphocytes and CD19^ B lymphocytes,es-pecially on activated lymphocytes.Conclusion The molecules of CD1a and CD83 are not specific phenotypes for dendritic cells.Currently,we still need to apply both cell morphology and costimulatory molecules such as CD40,CD80,and CD86to the identification of dendritic cells.     

Use of marginal organs in kidney transplantation for marginal recipients: too close to the margins of safety?

Objective

Due to organ shortage, average waiting time for a kidney in Germany is about 4 years after start of dialysis. Number of kidney grafts recovered can only be maintained by accepting older and expanded criteria donors. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of donor and recipient risk on kidney long-term function.

Methods

All deceased kidney transplantations were considered. We retrospectively studied 332 patients between 2002 and 2006; divided in 4 groups reflecting donor and recipient risk.

Results

Non-marginal recipients were less likely to receive a marginal organ (69 of 207, 33%) as compared to marginal recipients, of whom two-thirds received a marginal organ (p < 0.0001). Graft function significantly differed between the groups, but detrimental effect of marginal recipient status on eGFR after 12 months (-6 ml/min/1.73 qm, 95% CI -2 to -9) was clearly smaller than the effect of marginal donor status (-10 ml/min/1.73 qm, 95% CI -7 to -14).

Conclusions

As we were able to show expanded criteria donor has a far bigger effect on long-term graft function than the "extra risk" recipient. Although there have been attempts to define groups of recipients who should be offered ECD kidneys primarily the discussion is still ongoing.     

Aneurysm of the Interatrial Septum and Mitral Valve Proplapse—An Aetiological Association?

Mitral valve prolapse is common but aneurysm of the interatrial septum is rare. We report a case in which these two abnormalities of myocardial structure occurred and postulate a common aetiological mechanism.

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