辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒的制备及在大鼠体内的药动学研究

摘 要 目的： 制备辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒,并研究其经灌胃给药后在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法: 采用热熔乳化超声 低温固化法制备辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒,考察辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒的粒径分布、Zeta电位、包封率、微观形态及体外药物释放特性。研究辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒经灌胃给药后在大鼠体内的药动学特征。结果: 辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒平均粒径为(242.5±62.1) nm,多聚分散系数为0.225±0.031,Zeta电位为(-32.1±4.2) mV,包封率为(95.7±2.6) %,在24 h内平稳缓慢释药。辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒在大鼠体内的Cmax和AUC0 t分别为辛伐他汀混悬液的2.89倍和1.83倍。结论:辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒在大鼠体内能快速吸收,显著提高了药物在大鼠体内的生物利用度。     

Influence of the Formulation for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Prepared with a Membrane Contactor

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were introduced in the 1990s as an alternative to microemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, and liposomes. The SLN are reported to have several advantages, i.e., their biocompatibility and their controlled and targeted drug release. In this paper, we present a new process for the preparation of SLN using a membrane contactor to allow large scale production. The lipid phase is pressed, at a temperature above the melting point of the lipid, through the membrane pores allowing the formation of small droplets. The lipid droplets are then detached from the membrane pores by the aqueous phase flowing tangentially to the membrane surface. The SLN are formed by the following cooling of the preparation below the lipid melting point. The influence of the aqueous phase and lipid phase formulations on the lipid phase flux and on the SLN size are studied. It is shown that SLN are obtained with a lipid phase flux between 0.21 and 0.27 m^3/h.m², SLN size between 175 and 260 nm. The advantages of this new process are demonstrated to be its facility of use and its scaling-up ability.     

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for Bromocriptine

PURPOSE: The present investigation describes a formulative study for the development of innovative drug delivery systems for bromocriptine. METHODS: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) based on different lipidic components have been produced and characterized. Morphology and dimensional distribution have been investigated by electron microscopy and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. The antiparkinsonian activities of free bromocriptine and bromocriptine encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers were evaluated in 6-hydroxydopamine hemilesioned rats, a model of Parkinson's disease. RESULTS: Tristearin/tricaprin mixture resulted in nanostructured lipid carriers with stable mean diameter up to 6 months from production. Bromocriptine was encapsulated with high entrapment efficiency in all of the SLN samples, particularly in the case of tristearin/tricaprin mixture. Bromocriptine encapsulation did not change nanoparticle dimensions. In vitro release kinetics based on a dialysis method demonstrated that bromocriptine was released in a prolonged fashion for 48 h. Tristearin/tricaprin nanoparticles better controlled bromocriptine release. Both free and encapsulated bromocriptine reduced the time spent on the blocks (i.e. attenuated akinesia) in the bar test, although the action of encapsulated bromocriptine was more rapid in onset and prolonged. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulation may represent an effective strategy to prolong the half-life of bromocriptine.     

固体脂质纳米粒的研究进展

以生理相容的高熔点脂质为骨架材料制备的固体脂质纳米粒（solid lipid nanoparticels,SLN)是近年来研究十分活跃且极有发展潜力的靶向－控释给药系统的载体,本文综述了迄今SLN研究历程中一些主要发现,包括制备及影响因素,结构,稳定性,降解与释药,已研究的剂型等,指出了它的发展前景和尚待解决的问题。     

Formulation and Targeting Efficiency of Cisplatin Engineered Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

The present study is aimed at the overall improvement in the efficacy, reduced toxicity and enhancement of therapeutic index of cisplatin. Solid lipid nanoparticulate delivery system of cisplatin has been developed by microemulsification method by using stearic acid, soy lecithin 95% and sodium glycolate. The formulations were then characterized with respect to size and its surface morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release profile, in vivo drug targeting studies and its stability under specific conditions. The formulated solid lipid nanoparticles were oval with a diameter ranging from 250 nm to 500 nm. The lowest entrapment efficiency was found to be 47.59% and highest was found to be 74.53%. The zeta potential was in the range of -9.8 to -11.2 mv. In vitro release study was analyzed using various mathematical models. Highest cumulative percent drug release was observed with F-1 (97.22 %) and lowest with F-4 (78.43%) in 16 h. The in vivo result of formulated solid lipid nanoparticles of cisplatin reveals that the drug is preferentially targeting to liver followed by brain and lungs.     

Fabrication and Evaluation of Curcumin-loaded Nanoparticles Based on Solid Lipid as a New Type of Colloidal Drug Delivery System

Curcumin has very broad spectrum of biological activities; however, photodegradation, short half-life and low bioavailability have limited its clinical application. Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were studied to overcome these problems. The aim of this study was to optimize the best formulation on curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Emulsion-evaporation and low temperature-solidification technique was applied with monostearin as lipid carriers. The single factor analysis and orthogonal design were used to optimize formulation and various parameters were investigate. By the optimisation of a single factor analysis and orthogonal test, the particles size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of the optimised formulation were 99.99 nm, 0.158, −19.9 mV, 97.86%, and 4.35%, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis results demonstrated new structure was formed in nanoparticles. The release kinetics in vitro demonstrated curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles can control drug release. These studies confirmed that curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles could be prepared successfully with high drug entrapment efficiency and loading capacity. Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles may be a promising drug delivery system to control drug release and improve bioavailability.     

新藤黄酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备与质量评价

目的制备新藤黄酸固体脂质纳米粒并进行质量考察。方法采用正交试验设计优化处方,以高温乳化-低温固化的方法制备新藤黄酸固体脂质纳米粒。并对其包封率、形态等进行研究。结果所制得的新藤黄酸固体脂质纳米粒外观形态圆整,粒度分布均匀,平均粒径为163.3 nm,包封率为(60.1±1.1)%。结论高温乳化-低温固化的方法适用于新藤黄酸-固体脂质纳米粒的制备。     

Body Distribution of Camptothecin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles After Oral Administration

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific changes in body distribution of camptothecin (CA) through incorporation into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) by peroral route. Methods. Camptothecin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CA-SLN) coated with poloxamer 188 were produced by high pressure homogenization. The CA-SLN were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electrophoretic mobility measurement. In vitro release characteristics of camptothecin from CA-SLN were studied at different pH media. The concentration of camptothecin in organs was determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector after oral administration of CA-SLN and a camptothecin control solution (CA-SOL). Results. Our results showed that CA-SLN had an average diameter 196.8 nm with Zeta potential of –69.3 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of camptothecin was 99.6%, and in vitro drug release was achieved up to a week. There were two peaks in the camptothecin concentration-time curves in plasma and tested organs after oral administration of CA-SLN. The first peak was the result of free drug and the second peak was indicative of gut uptake of CA-SLN after 3 hours. In tested organs, the area under curve (AUC) and mean residence time (MRT) of CA-SLN increased significantly as compared with CA-SOL, and the increase of brain AUC was the highest among all tested organs. Conclusions. The results indicate SLN could be a promising sustained release and targeting system for camptothecin or other lipophilic antitumor drugs after oral administration.     

注射用地塞米松固体脂质纳米粒冻干粉末的处方与工艺研究及质量评价

目的:研究注射用地塞米松(DXM)固体脂质纳米粒(SLN)冻干粉末的处方及工艺并评价其质量。方法:优选支架剂处方,确定冻干工艺制备冻干制剂;采用高效液相色谱法测定其中DXM的含量,并对其质量进行研究。结果:以3%甘露醇作为支架剂,DXM-SLN的粒径为340nm,Zeta电位为—25·2mV,包封率为92·10%,载药量为7·10%,于2~8℃环境下可保存3个月。结论:该制备工艺简便、可行,质量控制方法准确、可靠。     

口服聚乙二醇修饰固体脂质纳米粒的组织分布及抗肿瘤药效学研究

目的 研究口服固体脂质纳米粒(solid lipid nanoparticle,SLN)和经聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)修饰后的SLN(pSLN)在小鼠体内的组织分布及药效。方法 采用水性溶剂扩散法制备SLN,用聚乙二醇单硬脂酸酯(PEG2000-SA)修饰以提供亲水基团;测定其粒径、Zeta电位、表面元素、接触角和稳定性;以DiR为荧光标记物,测定SLN及pSLN制剂经口服给药后的体内组织分布;以阿霉素为模型药物,考察口服脂质纳米给药系统的体内抗肿瘤活性及安全性。结果 SLN经PEG修饰后,得到的pSLN制剂粒径降低,Zeta电位约为-20 mV,表面亲水性及体内稳定性增加;经口服给药后,pSLN在肿瘤组织有聚集,且经PEG修饰后的纳米粒在组织中的滞留时间可显著延长;在荷瘤裸鼠模型动物上的药效学结果显示,PEG修饰口服脂质纳米给药系统在改善药效的同时,降低药物的不良反应,提高给药系统的安全性。结论 PEG修饰改善了口服纳米给药系统的生物分布及药效,提高了给药系统的安全性。     

超临界辅助喷雾法用于固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的采用超临界辅助喷雾制粒法制备固体脂质纳米粒,并考察工艺与处方因素对纳米粒理化性质的影响。方法采用自制超临界喷雾制粒设备,制备硬脂酸脂质纳米粒,考察硬脂酸浓度、超临界流体CO2与载体溶液流量比、喷嘴孔径等对固体脂质纳米粒粒径的影响,筛选合适的处方工艺参数;以亲水性大分子药物胰岛素为模型药物,制备载药固体脂质纳米粒,评价纳米粒的粒径、电位、包封率、释放度等理化性质。结果制备得到的纳米粒粒径与载体浓度、超临界流体CO2与载体溶液流量比、喷嘴孔径有关,通过处方工艺的调节,可制得平均粒径〈300nm的固体脂质纳米粒;制得的胰岛素固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径约300nm,包封率72．2％,载药量为3．44％,载药纳米粒在体外可实现12h缓慢释放;处方中加入泊洛沙姆可减小纳米粒粒径和粒度分布,但药物的包封率降低,并且突释现象更明显。结论超临界辅助喷雾制粒法可用于固体脂质纳米粒的制备,并能够对亲水性药物实现有效的包封和释放的调节。     

醋酸曲安奈德固体脂质纳米粒卡波姆凝胶的性能及经皮给药研究

目的　以醋酸曲安奈德 (TAA)为模型药物 ,以三棕榈酸甘油酯为脂质材料制备醋酸曲安奈德固体脂质纳米粒(SLN)卡波姆凝胶 ,考察其特性以及药物经皮渗透性能。方法　采用高压乳匀技术制得TAA SLN分散液 ,并制成卡波姆凝胶 ,考察了卡波姆凝胶中SLN的微观形态、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率等理化特性和稳定性、体外药物释放行为。采用改进的Franz扩散池研究了SLN卡波姆凝胶的药物经皮渗透性能。结果　制得的TAA SLN为均匀的球形粒子 ,不同载药量SLN粒径为 95 . 5～ 186 . 2nm ,Zeta电位为 - 2 6 .3～ - 15 . 7mV ,包封率为 6 7. 4 3%～ 90 . 3% ;SLN卡波姆凝胶 37℃储存三个月后SLN粒径略有增大 ,Zeta电位无明显变化 ;SLN卡波姆凝胶体外药物释放符合Higuchi方程 (DR % =6 . 3979t1/2 3. 15 2 9,r2 =0 . 95 18) ;经皮渗透实验结果表明 ,与相同药物浓度的普通卡波姆凝胶比较 ,SLN卡波姆凝胶药物经皮渗透速率和药物 2 4h累积渗透量显著提高。结论　TAA SLN卡波姆凝胶稳定性好 ,对药物释放具有缓控释作用 ,能显著促进药物经皮渗透 ,有望成为新型经皮给药制剂。     

硫酸长春新碱固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其性质考察

目的以单硬脂酸甘油酯为载体材料,采用复乳溶剂挥发法制备硫酸长春新碱固体脂质纳米粒(VCR-SLN),并考察其理化性质。方法采用复乳溶剂挥发法制备VCR-SLN,以正交设计优化处方及制备工艺,并考察其形态、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率、载药量和体外释放。结果 VCR-SLN为类球形实体粒子,平均粒径为(144.83±2.71)nm,Zeta电位为(-24.77±0.513)mV,包封率为(40.54±0.45)%,载药量为(1.14±0.074)%。药物体外释放曲线符合Weibull方程。结论复乳溶剂挥发法适用于制备硫酸长春新碱固体脂质纳米粒。     

黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其性质考察

目的制备黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒并考察其性质。方法采用正交实验法优化黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的最佳处方,并测定黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的粒径、ζ电位、包封率、稳定性和累积释放百分率。结果黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的最佳处方组合为：单硬脂酸甘油酯用量为2.0%,黄豆苷元用量为2.0 mg.mL-1,豆磷脂的用量为0.4%,Pluronic F68的用量为1.2%。所制得的纳米粒包封率为84.7%、平均粒径为170 nm、ζ电位为-35.8 mV、72 h累积释放百分率为90.3%。结论新制黄豆苷元固体脂质纳米粒的粒度分布范围窄,包封率较高,稳定性良好。     

黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒体外释放研究

目的:研究黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒的体外释药规律。方法:采用动态透析技术研究黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒的体外释药性能,并用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷含量,以累积释药百分率进行不同模型的拟合。结果:黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒的释放曲线符合Hixon-crowell方程,t≈3h。结论:黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒具有良好的缓释作用。     

HPLC法测定槲皮素固体脂质纳米粒的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定槲皮素固体脂质纳米粒含量的方法。方法色谱柱:Diamonsil C18柱,流动相:甲醇-4.3%乙酸溶液(55∶45),流速:1.0mL.min-1,检测波长:254nm,进样量:20μL,柱温:30℃。结果槲皮素在20.0~200.0μg.mL-1范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.6%,RSD=1.18%,结论本方法快捷、简便、准确、专属性强,可用于槲皮素固体脂质纳米粒的质量控制。     

亲水性蛋白和多肽固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法

目的近年来,随着生物技术和基因工程的进步,许多新的具有药用活性的蛋白和多肽得到了发展。然而,由于蛋白和多肽的亲水性和不稳定性,需要选择特殊的载体和制备工艺,以克服药物本身的缺陷。方法本综述描述了在优化的制备方法下,固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）作为亲水性的蛋白和多肽药物的可选择载体,用来包封亲水性蛋白和多肽。结果 SLN作为载体可以改善蛋白的稳定性,避免其水解,并能够实现药物分子的持续释放。结论因此,许多重要的多肽和蛋白已被包封进SLN或正在研究当中。     

咪喹莫特固体脂质纳米粒的制备及体外透皮作用

考察了以Precirol ATO5为脂质材料制备的咪喹莫特固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）的理化性质。载药SLN粒径88．3～112．8nm，多分散指数0．061～0．288，ζ电位-0．72～3．13mV，包封率50．2％～52．5％。分别考察了自制咪喹莫特乳膏及其SLN的体外透皮情况。结果表明，两者8h累积透皮量无显著性差异，持续透皮24h，SLN在局部皮肤中的药物滞留量为乳膏的1．55倍。     

家兔体内泊那替尼固体脂质纳米粒药代动力学研究

目的探讨泊那替尼固体脂质纳米粒(P-SLN)在体内的药代动力学行为。方法将12只新西兰兔随机分为制剂组和对照组,分别给予等剂量P-SLN和泊那替尼对照品溶液,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测泊那替尼体内血药浓度,并采用DAS 2. 0药代动力学软件对所得血药浓度数据进行拟合,得出对照组和给药组的药代动力学参数。结果 HPLC法适合于检测泊那替尼血药浓度,给药组药时曲线下面积(AUC)及AUMC分别是对照组的3. 39倍和14. 87倍,清除率为0. 29倍,体内平均滞留时间为4. 55倍,半衰期为4. 44倍。结论 P-SLN在体内缓释效果明显,可显著提高泊那替尼的生物利用度,可作为药物的新剂型。     

西罗莫司固体脂质纳米粒的制备及在大鼠体内的相对生物利用度

采用溶剂扩散法制备西罗莫司固体脂质纳米粒，考察了分散介质和投药量对纳米粒粒径、表面电位、包封率的影响。将西罗莫司固体脂质纳米粒对正常SD大鼠给药，以口服液为对照，通过测定血药浓度的经时变化，考察固体脂质纳米粒的相对生物利用度。结果表明，以0．2％胆酸钠为分散介质的制品，ζ电位绝对值比以0．2％聚乙烯醇为分散相的制品显著增大，包封率由97．3％降至62．9％。处方中投药量增加，包封率下降。与口服溶液剂相比，西罗莫司固体脂质纳米粒的达峰时间tmax无明显改变，但峰浓度Cmax提高了约1．2倍，相对生物利用度为口服液的139．0％。