湛江市部分住房室内外空气中氡浓度测定

采用活性炭吸附闪烁法测定了湛江市部分住房室内、外空气中的平衡当量氡浓度。结果表明 ,住房室内、外空气中平衡当量氡浓度平均值分别为 2 5 2 7Bq/m3 和 14 6 8Bq/m3 ,室内空气中平衡当量氡浓度显著高于室外 (P <0 0 1) ;不同装饰材料的住房室内空气中平衡当量氡浓度各有差异 ,其中以花岗岩为装饰材料的住房室内平衡当量氡浓度 (31 18Bq/m3 )为最高 ,水泥地板住房 (14 71Bq/m3 )最低     

放射卫生

981009阿坝州环境氡、氡子体浓度及其变化探讨/刘怡刚…//中华放射医学与防护杂志.一1996,16(6).一419～。120 以阿坝州境内1年多的测量数据为依据,总结分析了氡及子体与环境的关系。在该州80 000km。范围内选择了l 500个点进行测量。还在州府所在地进行了氡及子体浓度月、时变化的测量。测量结果:全州环境中氡浓度,室外均值为17.6士14.1Bq·m～,室内均值为22.7±25.1Bq·m。氡子体浓度,室外均值为(4.9±3.3)×]O“J·m_’;室内均值为(12.5土】4.2)×】0“J·m 。本州室内氡及子体浓度大多高于室外,这与房屋建材显著相关。图0表l参3(铁慧…     

北京某核设施周围室内氡水平调查与分析

目的调查北京地区某核设施周围室内氡浓度水平及其分布状况,为人群的辐射健康影响评价提供参考依据。方法选择北京某核设施周围10 km范围内的住宅和办公区33个室内监测点,分别在非采暖季和采暖季采用固体径迹法累积测量室内空气氡浓度。结果非采暖季室内空气氡浓度总体平均值为48.5 Bq/m~3,范围值为30~74Bq/m~3;采暖季室内空气氡浓度总体平均值为71 Bq/m~3,范围值为50~108 Bq/m~3;各楼层之间室内空气氡浓度平均值无明显差异。结论采暖季室内氡浓度高于非采暖季,应加强和改进室内通风措施以降低和控制室内氡的健康危害。     

某地下建筑物空气氡浓度水平特征

[目的]选择上海市虹桥-五角场断裂构造背景下的地铁站站台、地下商城(商业街)和地下停车库,对公共空间环境空气氡浓度现状进行调查与评价. [方法]地下建筑物空气氡浓度采用电子测氡仪(RAD-7)测定. [结果]上海新客站站台空气的氡浓度水平＜3.3～16.2 Bq/m3,地下商场(商业街)的氡浓度水平＜3.3～13.0 Bq/m3,地下停车库＜3.3～8.84 Bq/m3;高铁虹桥站地下停车库空气的氡浓度水平仅＜3.3～4.25 Bq/m3. [结论]虹桥-五角场断裂自中更新世以来暂停了构造活动,失去了上达地表的通道,以及上覆第四纪松散沉积物盖层的过滤和吸纳作用,造成分布于该断裂背景的地下建筑公共空间不具备形成高氡浓度水平的地质因素,致使分布于该地质背景的地下建筑公共空间环境氡浓度水平低于上海市地下建筑公共空间环境空气氡浓度水平,更低于之前的上海市地下工程空气中的氡水平调查值.     

放射卫生

012423解放军医学图书馆环境空气中氡浓度调查/李蓉…//中华放射医学与防护杂志.一2000,20(3).一213～214 通过固体核径迹图像分析法对解放军医学图书馆进行氡浓度的测量得出:室外氡浓度年平均值为7.2Bq·m～,室内年平均值为28.1Bq·m。;室外氡子体平衡当量浓度为4.2Bq·m_。,室内为14.1Bq·m。;人员所受氡及其子体的年有效剂量为432~Sxr,年集体有效剂量为3.02×10-。man·Sv。图1表3参6 (郭海恩)012424平凉地区居民住宅中。”Rn、’’。Rn浓度的研究/尚 兵…//中华放射医学与防护杂志.2000。20(3).一18l～183 采用Rn—Tn固体径迹探测器…     

土壤氡与室内氡浓度关系的研究

目的了解土壤氡对底层房间的贡献.方法采用ERS1000和RAD7环境测氡仪测量土壤氡及析出率,根据析出率与室内氡关系公式计算了室内氡浓度的变化范围,对所得结果进行了实验验证.结果调查区域土壤氡浓度为(18 000±3 100)Bq·m-3;氡析出率为(8.15±5.55)Bq·m-2·s-1;混凝土地面的氡析出率为(0.72±0.19)Bq·m-2·s-1,普通混凝土结构房屋中氡浓度理论计算范围为11.5～42.4Bq·m-3.实际测量结果(18.9～40.6)Bq·m-3,预测值与实测结果一致.结论在土壤氡浓度低于20000Bq·m-3地区,采用传统建筑方式,不会引起室内氡浓度增高.     

驻兰州某部营房室内空气甲醛、氡污染调查

[目的]了解部队营房装修后室内空气甲醛和氡污染状况. [方法]按照GB/T18883-2002<室内空气质量标准>,使用PPM400型甲醛检测仪和1027型氧连续监测仪进行现场检测. [结果]受检12个办公室、16个学习(会议)室、20套居室甲醛浓度范围为0.05～0.70 mg/m3,平均浓度为0.18 mg/m3,超标率为68.75%,氡浓度最小值为21 Bq/m3,最大值430 Bq/m3,合格率为95.83%. [结论]新装修营房室内空气污染较为严重,应采取积极防治措施.     

长春市室内氡浓度水平及变化规律

目的 调查分析长春市室内氡浓度水平及变化规律.方法 采用累积测量方法,在长春市居民住宅内布放CR-39固体核径迹探测器,布放周期为3m.结果 长春市室内氡浓度水平范围为12～ 529 Bq/m3,室内氡浓度算数均数为80.64 Bq/m3,几何均数为52.05 Bq/m3.约有80％测量点室内氡浓度在100 Bq/m3...     

西宁市室内氡浓度水平调查

目的调查西宁市室内氡浓度水平。方法用氡连续监测仪对西宁市4区不同年代、不同结构的建筑物室内进行监测。结果西宁市室内氡浓度水平范围为6.7~95.55 Bq/m3,室内平均氡浓度水平为31.41 Bq/m3。结论西宁市室内平均氡浓度水平低于全国室内氡浓度平均水平,室内氡浓度水平随着建筑年代的靠近呈上升趋势并且冬春季室内氡浓度水平明显高于夏秋季     

我国东北地区室内氡浓度水平与变化趋势分析

目的 初步调查我国东北地区居室氡浓度水平和变化趋势。方法 选择东北地区的沈阳、长春、哈尔滨、黑河和伊春5个城市的多层和高层住宅共261户，采用固体核径迹法累积测量室内氡浓度，测量时间3个月以上。长春进行了为期1年的测量，分析季节变化。结果 5个城市室内氡浓度均值为88 Bq/m³，范围为12～558 Bq/m³。室内氡浓度≤100 Bq/m³的房屋占75.1%，室内氡浓度≤300 Bq/m³的房屋占97.7%。室内氡浓度随建筑年代增加呈现增长趋势。冬季室内氡浓度明显高于其他季节；夏季氡浓度明显高于秋季和春季；结论 我国东北室内氡浓度比上世纪八九十年代的调查结果相比，呈现明显升高趋势，冬季取暖季节氡浓度明显偏高，夏季氡浓度明显高于秋季和春季，室内氡污染值得关注。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.