长春市138名7～12岁儿童口腔牙周健康状态调查

目的:了解长春市小学7～12岁儿童牙周疾病患病状态及4种牙周致病菌检出情况,为进一步大规模系统的儿童口腔疾病调查提供依据.方法:以上颌第一磨牙颊面为被检部位,记录探诊后出血(bleeding on probing,BOP)联邦、探诊深度(probing depth,PD)后,判断牙龈指数(gingival index,...     

长春市某小学7～12岁儿童福赛斯坦氏菌和中间普氏菌分布状态调查

目的 应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法对儿童口腔内福赛斯坦氏菌(Tannerella forsythus,Tf)和中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi)进行检测,探讨检出结果与牙周临床指标之间的关系.方法 选取长春市自强小学151名7至12岁儿童为研究对象,选择右上颌中切牙和第一磨牙为被检牙位,取龈上菌斑、记录探诊出血(bleeding on probing,BOP)、探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、牙龈指数(gingival index,GI),应用PCR法对儿童龈上菌斑中的Tf和Pi进行检测.结果 儿童龈上菌斑中Tf、Pi的检出率分别为40.3%(1 18/293)、46.4%(136/293);6颊面Tf、Pi的检出率分别为55.2%(80/145)、53.8%(78/145)均显著高于(1)唇面的Tf和Pi的检出率[分别为25.7%(38/148)、39.2%(58/148)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Pi检出率随年龄增长呈逐渐减低趋势,Tf检出率在7～8岁组最高,其次为11～12岁和9～10岁组;BOP阳性部位的Tf、Pi检出率[分别为43%(35/81)、49%(40/81)]均高于BOP阴性部位二者的检出率[分别为37%(72/194)、45%(87/194)].在BOP阳性部位,随PD加深Tf检出率逐渐增高,特别是在PD 4 mm以上时Tf检出率明显增高(P＜0.01),Tf检出率与BOP阳性、PD增加呈正相关.结论 7～12岁儿童龈上菌斑中高频度分布着Tf和Pi;上颌前牙区与磨牙区菌丛构成不同,Tf、Pi在磨牙区检出率更高,Tf的检出率与PD呈正相关,Tf检出率在7～8岁组最高,Pi检出率随年龄增长呈减低趋势,儿童时期进行牙周病早期预防是非常必要的.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the presence of Tannerella forsythus(Tf)and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in the oral plaque samples from children and investigate the relationship between bacteria and clinical parameters. Methods A total of 151 children aged 7 to 12 years were selected from Changchun primary school. The supragingival plaque sample was collected from the mesiobuccal and labial surfaces of the right maxillary central incisor ( FDI 1 ) and the right maxillary first molar ( FDI 6 ). Extracted DNA from plaque samples was used for PCR analysis. Intraoral examination,probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed and recorded. Results The detection rate for Tf was 40. 3% ( 118/293 ) and Pi was 46. 4% ( 136/293 ) in supragingival plaque. The detection rates for Tf and Pi in molars were much higher than those in incisors( P ＜0. 01 ). The detection rate of Tf and Pi was positively related to BOP + and PD. The detection rate for Pi decreased gradually with age, and the detection rate for Tf was highest in the group aged 7 to 8 and the detection rates for Tf and Pi were higher in the gingiva with BOP + than that with BOP - ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The detection rates for Tf increased remarkably with BOP + and especially when PD was greater than 4 mm. Conclusions Detection rates of putative periodontal pathogens from healthy children of 7 to 12 years of age were high. The detection rates for Tf and Pi in molars were much higher than those in incisors, and the presence of Tf and Pi in supragingival plaque was related to periodontal parameters.     

长春市某小学7～12岁儿童福赛斯坦氏菌和中间普氏菌分布状态调查

Objective To detect the presence of Tannerella forsythus(Tf)and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in the oral plaque samples from children and investigate the relationship between bacteria and clinical parameters. Methods A total of 151 children aged 7 to 12 years were selected from Changchun primary school. The supragingival plaque sample was collected from the mesiobuccal and labial surfaces of the right maxillary central incisor ( FDI 1 ) and the right maxillary first molar ( FDI 6 ). Extracted DNA from plaque samples was used for PCR analysis. Intraoral examination,probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed and recorded. Results The detection rate for Tf was 40. 3% ( 118/293 ) and Pi was 46. 4% ( 136/293 ) in supragingival plaque. The detection rates for Tf and Pi in molars were much higher than those in incisors( P ＜0. 01 ). The detection rate of Tf and Pi was positively related to BOP + and PD. The detection rate for Pi decreased gradually with age, and the detection rate for Tf was highest in the group aged 7 to 8 and the detection rates for Tf and Pi were higher in the gingiva with BOP + than that with BOP - ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). The detection rates for Tf increased remarkably with BOP + and especially when PD was greater than 4 mm. Conclusions Detection rates of putative periodontal pathogens from healthy children of 7 to 12 years of age were high. The detection rates for Tf and Pi in molars were much higher than those in incisors, and the presence of Tf and Pi in supragingival plaque was related to periodontal parameters.     

舌侧矫治器对牙周致病菌的影响

目的研究舌侧矫治器对患者牙周临床指标和牙周致病菌的影响。方法收集成年正畸治疗患者55例资料,28例使用颊侧矫治器作为对照组,27例使用舌侧矫治器作为试验组,于治疗前和治疗6个月后,分别记录菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数、探诊深度,PCR检测龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)、伴放线放线杆菌(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomtans,Aa)、福赛斯坦氏菌(Tannerella forsythensis,Tf)3种牙周致病菌的检出率。结果治疗6个月试验组菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数、探诊深度分别为2.36±0.71、2.05±0.49、(3.43±0.56)mm,对照组分别为1.86±0.44、1.67±0.25、(2.87±0.74)mm,2组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组Pg、Aa检出率分别为37.0%和22.2%,对照组的Pg、Aa检出率分别为14.3%和10.7%,试验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论舌侧矫治器,较颊侧矫治器,对牙周临床指标影响更大,可造成更多的牙周致病菌聚集。     

牙周致病菌在冠心病患者龈下菌斑中的分布

目的:分析牙周致病菌在冠心病患者龈下菌斑中的分布情况,及冠心病患者龈下菌斑中牙周致病菌的分布与慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)病变程度之间的关系。方法:收集44例患冠心病并伴有CP患者的龈下菌斑,采用Chelex-100法提取细菌DNA,以聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)法检测龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)、伴放线菌嗜血菌(Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans,Ha)、具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn)、中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi)、福赛斯坦纳菌(Tannerella forsythensis,Tf)五种牙周炎相关致病菌。结果:44例冠心病患者的龈下菌斑中各牙周致病菌的检出率分别为:Pg 19(43.18%)、Ha 9(20.45%)、Pi 27(61.36%)、Fn 38(86.36%)、Tf 41(93.18%);轻度CP患者1例,Fn 1例(100%);中度CP患9例,其中Pg6(66.67%)、Ha 2(22.22%)、Pi 7(77.78%)、Fn 9(100%)、Tf 8(88.89%);重度CP患者34例,其中Pg13(38.24%)、Ha 7(20.59%)、Pi 20(58.82%)、Fn 28(82.35%)、Tf 33(97%)。结论:Tf、Fn可能在冠心病的发生发展中起着重要作用,冠心病患者中CP的发病和进展可能有其特定的细菌学病因。     

牙周致病菌在冠心病患者龈下茵斑中的分布

目的:分析牙周致病菌在冠心病患者龈下菌斑中的分布情况,及冠心病患者龈下菌斑中牙周致病菌的分布与慢性牙周炎(chronic periodontitis,CP)病变程度之间的关系.方法:收集44例患冠心病并伴有CP患者的龈下菌斑,采用Chelex-100法提取细菌DNA,以聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)法检测龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)、伴放线菌嗜血菌(Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans,Ha)、具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn)、中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi)、福赛斯坦纳菌(Tannerella forsythensis,Tf)五种牙周炎相关致病菌.结果:44例冠心病患者的龈下菌斑中各牙周致病菌的检出率分别为:Pg 19(43.18%)、Ha 9(20.45%)、Pi 27(61.36%)、Fn 38(86.36%)、Tf 41(93.18%);轻度CP患者1例,Fn 1例(100%);中度CP患9例,其中Pg 6(66.67%)、Ha 2(22.22%)、Pi 7(77.78%)、Fn 9(100%)、Tf 8(88.89%);重度CP患者34例,其中Pg13(38.24%)、Ha 7(20.59%)、Pi 20(58.82%)、Fn 28(82.35%)、Tf 33(97%).结论:Tf、Fn可能在冠心病的发生发展中起着重要作用,冠心病患者中CP的发病和进展可能有其特定的细菌学病因.     

牙周致病菌抑制方法的新进展

龈下菌斑中G-厌氧菌感染是牙周病的重要致病因素,其中牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌和核梭杆菌等是目前公认的牙周病致病菌[1]。因此如何能够控制牙周病致病菌是消除炎症,防止牙周病复发的关键。     

五倍子对牙周可疑致病菌蛋白酶和糖苷酶活性的抑制作用

目的　体外观察五倍子水提取物对牙周可疑致病菌胞外酶 (蛋白水解酶和糖苷酶 )活性的影响。方法　应用荧光分光光度计检测荧光底物的降解来测定酶活力。结果　除中间普菌的L -arginine -arylamidase活性不受五倍子的影响外 ,浓度0 .0 5 %～ 0 .10 %的五倍子可以抑制所测其他细菌≥ 5 0 %胞外酶底物的降解。结论　五倍子水提取物可有效抑制牙周可疑致病菌蛋白水解酶和糖苷酶活性 ,其抑制作用可能会阻碍细菌生长 ,降低细菌毒力 ,减缓牙菌斑的形成     

牙周可疑致病菌在口腔内不同部位的分布特点

牙周炎是多种细菌混合感染性疾病,其病原菌在口腔内不同部位分布有所差异,了解口腔中牙周可疑致病菌的分布特点对于牙周炎的防治具有重要意义。本文就牙周可疑致病菌在口腔内不同部位的分布特点作一综述。     

慢性牙周炎龈下菌斑中五种牙周可疑致病微生物的分布

目的研究五种牙周可疑致病微生物在慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑的分布。方法选择27例慢性牙周炎患者,每位患者选取牙周袋最深的两个位点作为观察位点,采集龈下微生物样本,采用多重聚合酶链反应和反杂交的方法对伴放线菌嗜血菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛斯坦纳菌、中间普雷沃菌和齿垢密螺旋体五种微生物进行半定量检测。结果在所检测的54个位点中,牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普雷沃菌、福赛斯坦纳菌和齿垢密螺旋体均有较高的检出率,分别为98.15%、92.59%、100%和98.15%;伴放线菌嗜血菌检出率较低,为20.37%。牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的检出量明显高于其他三种微生物,其差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论慢性牙周炎患者多存在牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛斯坦纳菌、中间普雷沃菌和齿垢密螺旋体的同时感染,且牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的感染量较高。     

Detection of 6 periodontal bacteria in dental plaque samples from Japanese children

We analyzed the distribution of 6 periodontal bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga sputigena) in dental plaque materials from 227 children (3–6 years old). The plaque materials were collected from all erupted teeth sites using a sterile toothbrush. Chromosomal DNA was extracted from each plaque sample, followed by a polymerase chain reaction with species-specific sets of primers. Standard strains of 6 bacteria were used as controls. Total detection rate of P. gingivalis, P. nigrescens, P. intermedia, E. corrodens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and C. sputigena were 5.3%, 47.1%, 8.4%, 83.7%, 83.3% and 81.1%, respectively. E. corrodens, C. sputigena and A. actinomycetemcomitans were very frequently detected at all ages. On the other hand, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia were detected less frequently. Detection rate of P. nigrescens, E. corrodens and C. sputigena increased with age. The average detection number for each age group increased with age (2.63, 2.98, 3.43 and 3.45 for age 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively). The number of bacterial species in the plaque materials increased with age as well. Our results indicate that P. nigrescens, E. corrodens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and C. sputigena are established quite early in childhood, these bacteria increase with age in the oral cavity.     

Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and culture methods for detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples

In this study, the major periodontal pathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected in subgingival plaque samples from patients with periodontal disease by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional culture methods. 170 plaque samples from 43 patients were analysed; A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were each detected in 40 (24%) of samples by PCR. whereas conventional culture methods detected A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in 25 (15%) and 18 (11%) of samples, respectively. The proportion of patients carrying A. actinomycetemcomitans in at least 1 sampled periodontal site was 17/43 (40%) by PCR and 13/43 (30%) by culture; for P. gingivalis this was 2/43 (28%) by PCR and 9/43 (21%) by culture. Only 5 samples, from 3 patients, harboured both A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis . It is concluded that PCR is more accurate than conventional culture methods for identification of these periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque samples and has a higher frequency of detection.     

尼古丁和美卡拉明对牙周致病微生物的影响

目的 探讨尼古丁和美卡拉明对主要牙周致病微生物生长及生物膜形成的影响.方法 采用二倍稀释法,研究尼古丁对牙龈卟啉单胞菌和伴放线放线杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC).通过酶标仪测定吸光度值,研究在1/16 MIC、1/8 MIC、1/4 MIC、1/2 MIC、MIC等不同浓度的尼古丁对这2种细菌生物膜形成的影响.结果 尼古丁对2种细菌的菌悬液的MIC均为8 mg·mL-1,MBC为16 mg·mL-1.尼古丁浓度逐渐增加时,生物膜吸光度值逐渐增大;继续增加浓度,吸光度值减小;在8 mg.mL-1时,吸光度值减小到最低值,最低生物膜抑制浓度为8 mg.mL-1.添加尼古丁受体拮抗剂美卡拉明组较对照组吸光度值高.结论 小剂量的尼古丁能增加牙龈卟啉单胞菌和伴放线放线杆菌的生物膜形成,浓度继续增加则抑制生物膜形成,加入美卡拉明后降低尼古丁浓度,更能明显观察到尼古丁对两种细菌生物膜的促进作用.     

Sampling of periodontal pathogens by paper points: evaluation of basic parameters

Paper points are widely established for the collection of subgingival plaque or other oral samples to analyze the microbiota, especially the presence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans or Porphyromonas gingivalis. In contrast to the high frequency of usage of paper points in oral sampling, very few data are available about the parameters influencing the sampling process. Therefore, in four different in vitro experiments (6-9 repeats), we inoculated paper points with standardized suspensions (2 x 10(9) colony-forming units/ml) of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis to test the influence of the origin (kind) of paper point ("manufacturer"), size (according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 25-80), sampling time (5 to 60 s), and elution time (5 to 60 s). Sampled bacteria were detected and (semi-) quantified using 16S rRNA/DNA-directed oligonucleotide probes. The bacterial load was categorized and calculations performed with index values ranging between 0 (below the detection limit of 10(2) to 10(3) colony-forming units) and 9 (> 10(6) colony-forming units). We found statistically significant differences in the efficiency of bacterial sampling between the 5 paper point manufacturers tested, expressed in a mean bacterial index between 4.4 and 7.8. ISO 45 Paper points were statistically proven to work most efficiently. According to our results, a sampling time of 60 s seems to be optimum. However, shorter times between 5 and 30 s did not significantly reduce the sampling efficiency. We found an interval of 20 s best to elute bacteria from the paper points by vortexing. The evaluation of basic parameters for subgingival plaque sampling by paper points might help to optimize microbiologically based diagnostics in periodontal diseases.     

Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in coronary atherosclerotic plaque of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Background  Chronic bacterial infections have been associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The ability of oral pathogens to colonize in coronary atheromatous plaque is well known. The aim of our study was to detect the presence of four common periodontal pathogens in coronary plaques. We detected the presence of 16S rRNA of Treponema denticola, Eikenella Corrodens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus in subgingival and atherosclerotic plaques of CABG surgery by using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Methods  51 patients in the age group of 40 to 80 years with chronic periodontitis were recruited for the study. These patients were suffering from Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). DNA was extracted from the subgingival plaque and coronary atheromatous plaque samples. Universal Primer for the general detection of bacterial DNA and the primers for T.denticola, E. Corrodens, C.rectus and P.gingivalis were used to amplify part of 16SrRNA gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results   T.denticola, E.corrodens, C.rectus and P.gingivalis were detected in 49.01 %, 27.45 %, 21.51% and 45.10% of atherosclerotic plaque samples. In both subgingival and coronary plaque samples, T. denticola was detected in 39.21% of the cases, E.corrodens in 19.60%, C.rectus in 11.76% and P.gingivalis in 39.22% of the cases respectively. Conclusion  Our study revealed the presence of significant bacterial DNA of oral pathogens in coronary plaques. This suggests possible relationship between periodontal infection and atherosclerosis and can help devise preventive treatment strategies.     

Periodontal pathogens in the shallow pockets of immigrants from developing countries

The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of typical periodontitis-associated microorganisms in refugees arriving from non-industrialized countries, and to relate the presence of these organisms to the periodontal condition of the subjects. Thirty males between 35-44 years of age were surveyed. Dental plaque, calculus, gingivitis, loss of attachment, and probing depths were recorded for all surfaces. A total of 90 microbiological samples were taken with paper points from mesial sites of teeth 16, 36 and 41. Microbiological test sites were grouped by probing depths and loss of attachment. Only 16.8% of all surfaces had probing depths > 3 mm, although 90.7% of surfaces had loss of attachment > 1 mm. Twenty-one sites with obvious periodontal destruction (PD > 3 mm, LA > 2 mm) showed the greatest recovery of Porphyromonas gingivalis (66.7%). However, 51 sites with minimal periodontal disease (PD < or = 3 mm, LA < 2 mm) and with no gingival recession also showed a relatively high detection frequency of P. gingivalis (34.1%). Twenty-four of these samples came from 12 patients with no pockets > 5 mm and with less than 10% of all sites yielding pockets > 3 mm. The detection frequencies of Prevotella intermedia (91.6%), Bacteroides forsythus (25.0%), Wolinella spp. (33.3%) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (50.0%) were similar in these sites compared with periodontitis sites. Morphologically distinct isolates, from 19 individuals positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans, were serotyped by indirect immunofluorescence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)