神经生长因子对大鼠脊髓损伤后N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体1和神经元一氧化氮生成的影响

目的 :探讨神经生长因子 (NGF)对脊髓损伤保护作用的机制 ,为其临床应用提供理论依据。方法 :采用Allen s法以 1 0g× 2 5cm力致伤大鼠T8脊髓 ,插蛛网膜下腔导管于术后 2h、4h、8h、1 2h、2 4h注入NGF溶液 (60 μg/ 2 0 μl)或生理盐水组。采用原位杂交法检测N 甲基 D 天门冬氨酸受体 1 (NMDAR1 )和神经元型一氧化氮合成酶 (nNOS)在脊髓中的表达。结果 :与正常组比较 ,大鼠伤后脊髓前角运动神经元出现NMDAR1和nNOSmRNA的异常表达 ,NGF组与生理盐水组相比较 ,NMDAR1和nNOSmRNA异常表达减少 (P <0 0 1 )。结论 :NGF能通过抑制脊髓损伤后NMDAR1和一氧化氮 (NO)的产生 ,从而保护了损伤的神经组织。     

神经生长因子对大鼠脊髓损伤后神经元N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体的影响

目的 :探讨神经生长因子 (NGF)对损伤脊髓保护作用的分子机制。方法 :采用Allen′s法以 10g× 2 .5cm力致伤大鼠T8脊髓 ,插蛛网膜下隙导管于术后即刻、2h、4h、8h、12h、2 4h ,各注入NGF溶液 ,并与生理盐水组和正常对照组作对照。采用原位杂交法检测N 甲基 D 天门冬氨酸受体 1(NMDAR1)mRNA在脊髓中的表达。结果 :应用原位杂交法检测 ,正常组大鼠脊髓中几乎无NMDAR1mRNA表达 ,生理盐水组NMDR1mRNA表达明显增多 ,NGF组与生理盐水组相比较 ,NMDAR1mRNA表达明显减少 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :NGF能通过抑制脊髓中N 甲基 D 天门冬氨酸受体 (NMDAR)的生成 ,抑制钙内流 ,抑制NO的生成 ,从而保护损伤的神经组织。     

神经生长因子对脊髓损伤后脊髓神经元凋亡的影响

目的：探讨神经生长因子（NGF）对损伤脊髓神经元凋亡的影响及保护机制。方法：采用Allen的weight dropping(WD)法挫伤大鼠Ts节段脊髓，于术后0、2、4、8、12、24h经蛛网膜下隙导管各注入NGF溶液（20／60g)，并与生理盐水组和正常对照组作对照，采用原位末端标记法（TUNEL法）标记脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）片段，检测脊髓损伤前后发生凋亡的脊髓神经元，结果：正常组大鼠脊髓中未见凋亡神经元，生理盐水组于伤后2h始出现凋亡神经元，NGF组与生理盐水组相比较，凋亡神经元明显减少（P＜0．01），结论：NGF可抑制脊髓损伤后神经元的凋亡，从而保护损伤的神经组织。     

神经生长因子对脊髓神经元损伤后c-fos mRNA表达的影响

目的：探讨神经生长因子(NGF)对脊髓神经元保护作用的机制。方法：采用Allen‘s法制成大鼠TB脊髓损伤模型，用原位杂交方法检测神经元c—fos mRNA的表达。结果：脊髓损伤后神经元c—fos mRNA表达较正常对照未损伤神经元显著增加，表达高峰出现在损伤后1h；NGF能显著抑制损伤后神经元c—fos mRNA的异常表达。结论：NGF对损伤后神经元保护作用机制，可能是其抑制了c—fos基因异常表达，保护了神经元。     

神经生长因子对脊髓减压病神经损伤的修复作用研究

目的：研究神经生长因子对脊髓减压病神经损伤的修复作用。方法：SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、安全减压组、生理盐水（NS）组、神经生长因子（NGF）治疗组、高压氧（HBO）暴露组、NGF与HBO联用组,建立大鼠脊髓减压病模型,采用酶联免疫实验（ELISA）定量检测比较各组大鼠出舱6、24、48、72h肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）的蛋白表达。结果：NGF治疗组TNF-α浓度在6、24、48、72h均明显低于生理盐水组（P〈0．05）,HBO治疗组TNF-α浓度在24、48、72h也明显低于生理盐水组（P〈0．05）。NGF与HBO联用组TNF-α的浓度在24、48、72h均显著低于单纯NGF治疗组和HBO暴露组（P〈0．05）。结论：神经生长因子和高压氧治疗可以抑制脊髓减压病大鼠TNF-α的蛋白表达,NGF与HBO联合治疗的效果明显优于单纯NGF治疗或HBO暴露。     

刺五加皂苷对急性脊髓损伤后脊髓内BDNF和NGF表达的影响

［摘要］ 目的 研究刺五加皂苷对脊髓损伤后组织内脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和脊髓内神经生长因子（NGF）两种蛋白表达的影响,探讨刺五加皂苷对脊髓损伤后的保护作用。方法 将45只雄性大鼠随机分为3组：假手术组、模型组和刺五加皂苷干预组,每组15只。将实验动物用10%水合氯醛麻醉后运用改良Allen’s法进行急性脊髓损伤模型造模。造模后假手术组予正常饲养,模型组造模后进行连续7 d生理盐水腹腔注射,刺五加皂苷干预组造模后进行连续7天相应剂量的刺五加皂苷持续腹腔注射。ELISA法检测血清中丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,通过病理切片分析大鼠脊髓组织病理变化,蛋白印迹法检测大鼠脊髓内BDNF和NGF表达。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组和刺五加皂苷干预组大鼠血清中MDA的含量增加（P﹤0.05）,SOD的含量降低（P﹤0.05）,脊髓有明显损伤,大鼠脊髓组织中的BDNF和NGF蛋白表达量上升（P﹤0.05）;与模型组相比,刺五加皂苷组大鼠后肢功能具有明显改善,血清中中MDA含量降低（P﹤0.05）,SOD的含量升高（P﹤0.05）,大鼠脊髓组织中的BDNF和NGF蛋白表达量上升（P﹤0.05）。结论 刺五加皂苷促进脊髓组织中神经元细胞内BDNF和NGF表达,利于损伤神经元的修复,对大鼠急性脊髓损伤具有保护作用。     

褪黑素对脊髓损伤早期大鼠神经生长因子表达的影响

目的:通过观察褪黑素(MT)对脊髓损伤(SCI)早期大鼠体内神经生长因子(NGF)表达的影响,探讨MT治疗SCI的机制。方法:60只成年SD大鼠随机分为3组:模型组、MT组和假手术组,每组20只。前2组以改良的Allen’sWD法建立脊髓T12水平损伤模型,假手术组仅行椎板切除不损伤脊髓。MT组于术后10min腹腔注射MT100mg/kg,模型组则腹腔注射等体积无水乙醇。术后12h对3组大鼠进行BBB运动功能评分后处死,取血液检测NGF水平;取脊髓标本进行病理观察,RT-PCR法检测NGFmRNA,免疫组化SP法检测NGF蛋白。结果:模型组和MT组大鼠于术后均出现了严重的下肢神经功能障碍,2组的BBB运动功能评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MT组脊髓组织病理变化较模型组减轻。3组大鼠脊髓内NGFmRNA、NGF蛋白表达水平和血清NGF水平差异均有统计学意义(F=336.819,321.762和122.707,P均<0.001),3者均在MT组中最高,SCI组次之,假手术组最低(P<0.01)。结论:MT可通过提高SCI大鼠体内NGF的表达减轻SCI。     

红花黄素对骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的影响

目的:通过研究红花黄素对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤(SCI)的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:骨髓细胞贴壁法分离、培养、扩增BMSCs,并进行腺病毒介导的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记。45只SD大鼠行改良Allen法制备SCI模型后,随机分为红花黄素组、单纯BMSCs组和PBS组,红花黄素组于损伤脊髓局部注入GFP-BMSCs,腹腔注射红花黄素40 mg/kg;单纯BMSCs组脊髓注入GFP-BMSCs,PBS组注入同体积0.9%氯化钠溶液。术后1、2、3、4、7 d检测损伤脊髓组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;分别于7、14、21、28 d检测损伤脊髓组织神经元特异性核蛋白(NeuN)和神经生长因子(NGF)表达,BBB评分法进行后肢运动功能评分。结果:红花黄素组BBB评分、脊髓损伤局部SOD活性及NeuN和NGF的表达均明显高于单纯BMSCs组和PBS组(P<0.05),而MDA含量较低(P<0.05)。结论:红花黄素通过抑制脊髓自由基生成、减轻脂质过氧化、上调NeuN和NGF表达而增强骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复大鼠脊髓损伤的效果。     

三七总皂甙对脊髓损伤大鼠一氧化氮含量的影响

目的　探讨脊髓继发性损伤的病理生理机制及三七总皂甙 (panaxnotoginsengsaponins ,PNS)防治该病的作用机理。方法　以Wistar大鼠 6 5只为研究对象 ,分为空白组、假手术组、溶媒对照组、三七总皂甙 (PNS)组 ,各实验组按 2、6、12、2 4小时相点观察 ,Allen s脊髓损伤模型 10 0g·cm致伤脊髓。各组在相应时相点取脊髓组织 ,采取组织化学方法观察脊髓一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)阳性神经元的表达变化。结果　脊髓NOS阳性神经元表达 :溶媒对照组 >PNS组 >假手术组 >空白组。结论　NO参与了脊髓继发性损伤的病理生理机制 ,PNS通过抑制NOS活性而起保护作用。     

大鼠脊髓横断损伤后不同时间神经营养素表达的变化

目的:探讨大鼠脊髓全横断后不同时间神经营养因子表达的变化。方法:30只成年健康SD大鼠,随机分为正常组(手术对照组)和脊髓全横断1d、3d、7d、14d、21d组,共6组,每组5只。采用免疫组织化学ABC法结合图像灰度分析法,检测脊髓全横断后各组神经生长因子(NGF)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和神经营养素-3(NT-3)表达的变化。结果:脊髓全横断后手术对照组NGF、BDNF、NT-3的表达较少,损伤后表达明显增加,NGF、BDNF和NT-3在损伤后1-7d表达的阳性细胞数逐渐增加,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),7d达到最高;NGF和NT-3的高表达一直维持到21d,而BDNF在损伤后14d恢复到正常。结论:在脊髓横断损伤中,神经营养因子NGF、BDNF和NT3的表达增加,可能起着保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.