芬太尼透皮贴剂和硫酸吗啡缓释片治疗中、重度癌痛的疗效比较

目的比较芬太尼透皮贴剂与硫酸吗啡缓释片对中、重度癌痛患者的治疗效果。方法中、重度癌痛患者94例随机分为两组,分别采用芬太尼透皮贴剂（FT组）与硫酸吗啡缓释片（MO组）治疗,记录并比较两组疼痛缓解率、不良反应发生率及对生活质量的影响。结果FT组疼痛缓解率86．7％（39／45例）,MO组87．8％（36／41例）。两组患者生活质量均明显改善,FT组不良反应发生率较MO组低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论芬太尼透皮贴剂与硫酸吗啡缓释片疗效相当,均能有效控制中、重度癌痛,但芬太尼透皮贴剂不良反应少。     

等效剂量吗啡缓释片与芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗消化道癌痛的临床疗效

目的 探讨等效剂量口服吗啡缓释片与芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期消化道癌痛患者的临床疗效.方法 选取疼痛数字分级法(NRS)≥5的晚期消化道癌痛患者120例,随机分为2组,用相等剂量吗啡,A组外用芬太尼贴剂,B组口服吗啡缓释片,观察2组患者疼痛缓解、生活质量改善情况及不良反应发生率.结果 2组用药后止痛效果明显,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组不良反应明显低于B组,生活质量较治疗前改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组便秘发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 芬太尼透皮贴剂是晚期消化道癌痛患者最理想的药物,使用方便,疗效确切,值得临床推广.     

吗啡控释片与芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗癌痛的疗效分析

目的：比较分析吗啡控释片与芬太尼透皮贴剂两种药物治疗癌痛的疗效与不良反应。方法：将130例中重度癌痛患者随机分成A、B两组,每组65例。A组使用芬太尼贴剂治疗癌痛,B组使用吗啡控释片治疗癌痛,比较两组的疗效和不良反应情况。结果：芬太尼贴剂总缓解率为89.2%,吗啡控释片的总缓解率为90.8%,两者差异无统计学意义;在本研究中的各种不良反应方面,A组不良反应发生率低于B组,差异均有统计学意义。结论：芬太尼透皮贴剂和口服吗啡控释片均可以有效地缓解中重度癌痛且两者疗效相近;除瘙痒外,芬太尼透皮贴剂不良反应的发生率均较低。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗癌性疼痛的疗效观察

目的观察芬太尼透皮贴剂（TDF）治疗中重度癌痛的疗效及不良反应。方法晚期癌症伴中重度癌痛30例患者,使用芬太尼透皮贴剂,72h更换,每24h评估1次,记录治疗前、后疼痛程度,生活质量评分和不良反应。结果使用芬太尼透皮贴剂,滴定剂量为50μg/h的6例,75μg/h的18例,100μg/h的8例;达CR的8例,PR的19例;有效率为90%,镇痛效果好,患者生活质量提高。不良反应：头晕、恶心、便秘最常见。结论芬太尼透皮贴剂具有持久稳定的镇痛疗效,且不良反应轻,使用方便,可作为口服吗啡类药物的替代治疗药物。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗中重度癌痛37例临床观察

目的 探讨芬太尼透皮贴剂用于癌痛患者的镇痛效果、不良反应及生活质量改善程度。方法 对37例中重度癌痛患者使用芬太尼透皮贴剂,观察治疗前、后疼痛变化,生活质量评分及用药后不良反应。结果 芬太尼透皮贴剂使用后,疼痛缓解总有效率为94.6%,其中完全缓解率37.84%,明显缓解率48.64%,中度缓解率8.11%,癌痛患者生活质量明显提高;常见不良反应多见于头晕、恶心呕吐、便秘、嗜睡、局部皮肤瘙痒、排尿困难等。结论 芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗中重度癌痛疗效良好,不良反应轻微,能够明显改善癌痛患者的生活质量,使用安全方便,值得临床推广应用。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗伴肝功能不全的重度癌痛的临床研究

目的：观察芬太尼透皮贴剂与硫酸吗啡控释片在伴肝功能不全的重度癌痛患者的镇痛效果、不良反应。方法：40例伴肝功能不全的重度癌痛的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组口服即释吗啡滴定剂量后等效转换为芬太尼透皮贴剂,对照组20例口服硫酸吗啡缓释片,治疗2周后比较2组NRS评分及患者不良反应情况。结果：治疗组疼痛缓解率（95%）明显高于对照组（85%）,治疗组不良反应发生率20%明显低于对照组75%,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：芬太尼透皮贴剂比硫酸吗啡控释片对肝功能不全的重度癌痛患者的止痛效果更好,不良反应轻,值得临床上推广使用。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂与口服硫酸吗啡缓释片治疗中重度癌痛的效果、成本及不良反应观察

目的 对比芬太尼透皮贴剂(多瑞吉)与硫酸吗啡缓释片(美施康定)治疗晚期癌症患者中度到重度癌痛的疗效.方法 选取我院2014年1月至12月期间的258例中度至重度癌痛患者,按选择镇痛药物及用药途径不同,分芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗组(A组),吗啡缓释片对照组(B组),对比治疗前后的疼痛强度、生活质量评分、用药后不良反应发生情况.结果 镇痛治疗3周后评估,2组癌痛患者的疼痛缓解程度相当;芬太尼组嗜睡、便秘、头晕、恶心呕吐等不良反应的发生率低于吗啡组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),2组均无危及生命的严重不良反应发生;芬太尼组治疗成本较吗啡组高.结论 芬太尼透皮贴剂镇痛效果明显,不良反应发生几率较低,但治疗成本较高,宜在不方便使用口服止痛药的患者中推广使用.     

芬太尼透皮贴剂在癌痛中的应用

目的：观察芬太尼透皮贴剂(多瑞吉)治疗中、重度癌痛患者的疗效，不良反应对生活质量的影响。方法：102例伴有中、重度疼痛的晚期恶性肿瘤患者，使用芬太尼透皮贴剂镇痛。初始剂量为25μg/h或参照吗啡与芬太尼透皮剂量折算表计算，贴膜每48-72h更换1次，期间根据疼痛情况进行剂量调整。结果：全部患者获中度以上缓解，其中完全缓解47例(46．08％)，明显缓解50例(49．02％)，中度缓解5例(4．90％)。芬太尼透皮贴剂个体剂量为25—50μg／h者占81．37％，少数患者需要更高剂量。不良反应包括头晕、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐、便秘、皮肤瘙痒、排尿困难，多为轻、中度。受试者生活质量明显改善。结论：芬太尼透皮贴剂(多瑞吉)治疗中、重度癌痛疗效显著。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂在癌痛治疗中的应用

目的观察芬太尼透皮贴剂在门诊治疗中、重度癌痛患者的疗效、不良反应及对生活质量的影响。方法采用芬太尼透皮贴剂对37例伴有中、重度疼痛的晚期恶性肿瘤患者镇痛。初始剂量为25μg/h或参照吗啡与芬太尼透皮剂量折算表计算，贴膜每48～72h更换1次，期间根据疼痛情况进行剂量调整。结果全部患者获轻微以上缓解，其中CR18例（48．6％），PR17例（45．9％），MR2例（5．1％）。不良反应有头晕、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐、便秘、皮肤瘙痒、排尿困难，多为轻、中度。受试者生活质量明显改善。结论芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗中、重度癌痛疗效显著，不良反应少。     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗85例中重度癌痛的疗效及安全性观察

目的：观察芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗中重度癌痛的疗效和不良反应。方法：观察85例中重度癌痛患者使用芬太尼透皮贴剂镇痛治疗的疗效,评估镇痛疗效、生活质量和不良反应。结果：85例使用芬太尼透皮贴剂的患者镇痛总缓解率为98．8％（84/85）,镇痛效果好,患者生活质量显著提高。不良反应较轻,主要表现为头晕,恶心、呕吐,便秘。结论：芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗癌痛安全有效,能够显著提高生活质量,可作为中重度癌痛的首选药物之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.