经直肠超声引导13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术160例报告

目的　探讨经直肠超声引导 13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。　方法　对 160例直肠指诊阳性和 (或 )PSA >4ng/ml的患者行经直肠超声引导 13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术。即在标准的经直肠超声引导 6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术同时 ,增加前列腺中间部位及前列腺两侧旁正中线远侧的穿刺点数 ,共穿刺活检 13点。将增加的 7点活检部位病理结果与标准的 6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术进行比较。　结果　 160例患者中确诊为前列腺癌者 5 6例 ( 3 5 % )。 5 6例患者如按 6点穿刺方法 ,将有 12例患者漏诊 ,占 2 1%。 160例患者均未出现严重并发症。　结论　经直肠超声引导 13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术可明显提高前列腺癌的临床检出率     

前列腺4区12点系统穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的 :探讨前列腺系统穿刺活检改进方法的临床价值。　方法 :对 91例疑为前列腺癌的患者进行经直肠B超引导前列腺 4区 12点系统穿刺活检 ,观察其对前列腺癌病灶的检出率 ,并与 6点系统穿刺法比较并发症的发生率。　结果 :前列腺 4区 12点系统穿刺活检 ,可提高前列腺癌的检出率 ,而并发症发生率与标准 6点法相类似。结论 :前列腺体积大于 4 0ml的可疑前列腺癌患者 ,可选择经直肠B超引导前列腺 4区 12点系统穿刺活检术。     

214例前列腺穿刺结果的前列腺癌病灶分布情况分析

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检结果的前列腺癌病灶分布情况。方法本组214例,其中214例前列腺特异抗原＞4．0ng/ml 203例,直肠指诊可疑前列腺癌41例；均行13针前列腺穿刺活检术。入选病例的年龄为50～90岁,平均69．8岁；PSA水平0．8～112．3ng/ml,平均18．7 ng/ml；前列腺体积12．3～182．5ml,平均61．3 ml；直肠指诊阴性者173例,阳性者41例。分析各穿刺部位的阳性率。结果5区13针法的阳性率为36．0%(77/214)。前列腺各穿刺部位的阳性率为：底部48/214(22．4%)、中部57/214(26．6%)、尖部57/214(26．6%)、外侧底部47/214(22．0%)、外侧中部61/214(28．5%)。各穿刺部位的阳性率的差异具有显著性(P＜0．001)。结论前列腺穿刺活检发现的前列腺癌病灶分布不均匀。前列腺的尖部、中部和外侧中部的穿刺阳性率较其它部位高。     

前列腺体积在选择穿刺活检方案中的作用探讨

目的 回顾性分析比较前列腺10点穿刺中的8点、6点及经典6点法以及10点在不同的前列腺体积中前列腺癌的检出率,寻找出合理的前列腺活检方案.方法 研究对象为直肠指检阳性和(或)前列腺特异抗原(PSA)检测在4 ng/ml的可疑病人461例.按前列腺体积分成4组:≥15ml、≥35ml、≥55ml和≥75ml.所有病例都接受10点活检法,并分析比较其中的10点、8点、6点组合穿刺方案.若声像图发现外周带边界清晰的低回声病灶再靶向穿刺1～3针.结果 148例(32.1%)患者确诊前列腺癌.前列腺癌的阳性率随前列腺体积增大而减少,从49.6%降为21.8%.在边界清晰的可疑病灶中,PCa的阳性率最低,为10.3%.在前列腺癌组中,偏外侧的6点组合系统穿刺方案癌肿检出率为84%～90%,体积最小组中,包括尖部/中部/外侧中部/外侧底部的8点穿刺的癌肿检出率为96%,仅比10点组合方案低2%;而前列腺体积在35 ml以上组中,10点组合方案比包括尖部/底部/外侧中部/外侧底部8点组合方案的检出率高3%～5%.结论 经典的6点组合系统穿刺方案不适合所有前列腺的穿刺,前列腺体积为15～35 ml者建议使用包括尖部、中部、外侧中部及外侧底部的8点组合穿刺方案,而体积＞35 ml者使用10点组合方案更合适.     

不同前列腺穿刺活检方案检出前列腺癌的比较

目的探讨理想的前列腺穿刺活检方案。方法临床表现怀疑前列腺癌患者214例，其中前列腺特异抗原〉4．0ng／ml 203例。均行13针前列腺穿刺活检术。年龄50～90岁，平均70岁；PSA水平0．8～112．3ng／ml，平均18．7ng／ml；前列腺体积12．3～182．5ml，平均61．3ml；直肠指诊阴性173例，阳性者41例。依穿刺结果，对比分析13针中6、8、10和13针穿刺阳性率。结果13针穿刺阳性率为36．0％（77／214）。在各种穿刺点组合中包含前列腺尖部、中部、底部、外侧中部、外侧底部的10针法能发现全部前列腺癌阳性病例的97．4％，与13针穿刺结果的差异无统计学意义（P=0．5）。结论对于初次前列腺活检的病例，包含尖部、中部、底部、外侧中部、外侧底部的10针法是较为合理的选择。     

6针法和13针法前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的分析比较

目的探讨5区13针法和6针法前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的差异。方法本组214例,因前列腺特异性抗原>4.0ng/ml或直肠指诊前列腺癌阳性可疑而行13针前列腺穿刺活检术,其中前列腺特异性抗原>4.0ng/ml者203例,直肠指诊前列腺癌阳性可疑者41例。入选病例的年龄为50￣90岁,平均69.8岁;PSA水平0.8￣112.3ng/ml,平均18.7ng/ml;前列腺体积12.3￣182.5ml,平均61.3ml;直肠指诊阴性者173例,阳性者41例。结果6针法和13针法的阳性率分别为30.8(f/214)和36.0(w/214),后者的阳性率提高14.3(/77()P<0.001)。两者的差异在前列腺特异性抗原≤20ng/ml,指诊阴性,体积>40ml,前列腺特异性抗原密度≤0.30,年龄<70岁的患者中更显著。结论5区13针前列腺穿刺活检术比系统6针发现前列腺癌的阳性率更高。     

不同穿刺针数经直肠前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的研究

目的探讨针对国人的不同体积前列腺理想的前列腺活检穿刺针数。方法临床表现怀疑前列腺癌患者879例,按照前列腺体积分为10～30ml组、30.1～40ml组,40.1～50ml组,以及50.1ml组,记录患者一般临床资料以及活检结果。依穿刺结果,按照不同体积对比分析不同穿刺针数的穿刺结果。结果总的肿瘤检测率为27.3%,随着前列腺体积的增大,肿瘤检测率降低(P0.05)。6、8、10和12针的肿瘤检测率分别为18.0%、28.0%、32.0%和29.0%。与8、10和12针比较,传统的6针穿刺有较低的穿刺阳性率(P0.05)。在不同的前列腺体积之间,8、10和12针穿刺阳性率之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在经直肠超声和经直肠指诊有可疑的患者中,穿刺阳性率分别为71.0%和65.0%。结论 6针穿刺具有较低的穿刺阳性率,按照不同的前列腺体积,8、10和12针有相似的穿刺阳性率,可疑部位活检能够提高穿刺的阳性率。     

超声引导下经直肠系统性12＋1针前列腺穿刺活检术

目的探讨超声引导下经直肠系统性12＋1针前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法回顾性分析816例经直肠前列腺系统性12＋1针穿刺活检的可疑前列腺癌患者。其中PSA＜4ng／ml、直肠指诊发现结节者66例;PSA介于4～10ng／ml、f／tPSA值异常、PSAD值异常者190例;PSA〉10ng／ml、任何f／tPSA、PSAD值者560例。结果816例患者中活检病理确诊为前列腺癌者358例,总阳性率为43．9％（358／816）。其中位于前列腺尖部阳性者235例,占确诊病例总数的65．6％（235／358）。术后发热9例（1．0％,9／816）,并发血尿49例（6．0％,49／816）。几乎所有患者皆有短时大便带血。无其他严重并发症发生。结论超声引导下经直肠系统性前列腺12＋1针穿刺活检术定位准确,创伤较小,并发症较少。可以随机增加穿刺点,利于提高前列腺癌检出率。     

徒手TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺活检的临床应用探讨

目的:探讨徒手"12+X"法TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床应用价值。方法:2014年12月~2015年12月,对74例可疑前列腺癌患者行经直肠B超引导下18G自动穿刺活检针行双侧外周带12点法系统穿刺,其中直肠指诊(DRE)触及结节24例,超声提示异常回声14例,前列腺核磁提示异常信号30例;前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)<4ng/ml者14例,PSA 4~10ng/ml 25例,PSA>10ng/ml者35例。同时对每个可疑病灶进行1~2针靶向穿刺。回顾性分析穿刺的阳性率和并发症。结果:成功对74例患者进行徒手"12+X"法TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺活检术。年龄43~81岁,中位年龄72岁;PSA 1.9~500ng/ml,中位PSA17.8ng/ml。经病理诊断,前列腺癌23例,阳性率31.1%,穿刺阴性病例中3例TURP术后病理诊断结果为前列腺癌;2例首次穿刺阴性,6个月后重复穿刺时发现前列腺癌。低危前列腺癌(Gleason≤6分)、中危前列腺癌(Gleason=7分)和高危前列腺癌(Gleason≥8分)分别为13.1%、30.4%和56.5%。其余51例为良性前列腺增生或合并前列腺炎症。术后短暂和轻度的肉眼血尿6例(8.1%),均在1~3d后缓解,5例(6.8%)轻度发热,2例(2.7%)会阴部轻度不适。无脓毒症、急性尿潴留等严重并发症的发生。结论:徒手"12+X"法TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺活检安全可行,阳性率稳定,值得在临床上进一步推广。     

直肠超声引导经会阴模版12+X针前列腺穿刺活检术临床研究

目的:评价直肠超声引导下经会阴模版12+X针前列腺穿刺活检术的临床价值和安全性。方法:2009年9月~2014年5月,对临床怀疑为前列腺癌的1 300例患者行直肠超声引导下经会阴模板前列腺穿刺活检术。1 300例患者平均年龄70.5岁,穿刺前均行血清PSA监测(不少于2次)、前列腺直肠指诊、经直肠前列腺超声及前列腺磁共振平扫加动态增强。所有患者取截石位,1%利多卡因注射液10~20ml会阴皮下及前列腺尖部局部浸润麻醉973例,骶管阻滞麻醉75例,硬膜外麻醉252例。共937例采用12+X针穿刺,363例采用常规12针穿刺。结果:所有患者均顺利完成操作,活检针数12~24针,平均14.5针;活检时间15~30 min,平均20.4min。术后发生一过性血尿201例,会阴部血肿14例,尿潴留21例,发热5例。穿刺病理结果:前列腺癌540例(41.5%),其中腺癌527例,其他类型肿瘤13例;前列腺上皮内瘤(PIN)57例(4.4%);前列腺增生及各类前列腺炎703例(54.1%)。T-PSA4μg/L、4~10μg/L、10~20μg/L及20μg/L组的穿刺阳性率分别为:13.1%、17.1%、31.9%、73.8%。TPSA 4~10μg/L组(灰区)293例患者分别以F/T PSA和PSAD分组,F/T≥0.16和0.16组的穿刺阳性率分别为12.0%、18.8%,PSAD≥0.15和0.15组的穿刺阳性率分别为9.8%、21.5%。直肠指诊异常、经直肠超声异常及前列腺MRI异常患者的穿刺阳性率分别为:24.0%、30.1%、59.2%。12+X针组穿刺阳性率为47.2%,12针组为34.5%。结论:直肠超声引导下经会阴12+X针前列腺穿刺活检术阳性率高,并发症少,是诊断前列腺癌的理想方法。     

Extended 21-sample needle biopsy protocol for diagnosis of prostate cancer in 1000 consecutive patients

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic yield of a 21-sample ultrasound-guided needle biopsy protocol as the initial diagnostic strategy for detection of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 2001 and October 2005, 1000 consecutive patients underwent 21-sample needle biopsies under local anesthesia, comprising sextant biopsies, 3 additional posterolateral biopsies in each peripheral zone, 3 biopsies in each transition zone (TZ), and 3 biopsies in the midline peripheral zone. Each prostate core was numbered and analyzed separately. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the result of digital rectal examination (DRE), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume. We evaluated the cancer detection rate overall and in each subgroup. We compared the results of our biopsy protocol to those from 6-, 12-, and 18-core biopsy protocols by analyzing only those cores from our protocol that would correspond to these biopsy schemes. RESULTS: Cancer detection rates using 6 biopsy samples (sextant biopsies only), 12 samples (sextant plus lateral biopsies), 18 samples (sextant, lateral, and TZ biopsies), and 21 samples (sextant, lateral, TZ, plus midline biopsies) were 31.7%, 38.7%, 41.5%, and 42.5%, respectively. The 12-sample procedure improved the cancer detection rate by 22% compared with the 6-sample procedure (p=0.0001). The improvement in the diagnostic yield was most marked in patients with a prostate volume > or =55 ml (36.9%), in patients with normal DRE (26.6%), and in patients with PSA<4 (37.5%). The addition of TZ biopsies to a 12-biopsy scheme increased the diagnostic yield by 7.2% overall (p=0.023). Only 10 of 425 (2.3%) patients were diagnosed on the sole basis of midline biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with suspected localized prostate cancer should be offered at least 12 biopsies in the peripheral zone and far lateral peripheral zone (statistically significant). TZ biopsies have to be considered, because these biopsies improve the diagnostic yield. For patients with abnormal DRE and/or PSA> or =20 ng/ml, the 6-biopsy scheme seems sufficient (statistically), but 6 far lateral peripheral zone biopsies as well as the TZ biopsies add little incremental value (not significant). Evidence does not support the use of routine midline peripheral zone needle biopsies in the initial biopsy to enhance the detection of prostate cancer.     

利多卡因预防超声引导经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术疼痛:一项单中心、前瞻性、随机单盲、安慰剂对照临床试验

目的 评价利多卡因预防超声引导经直肠前列腺穿刺活枪术疼痛的有效性和安全性.方法 采用随机化分组方法,将1 80例行经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术的患者,随机分为试验组(利多卡因组)、生理盐水组(安慰剂生理盐水组)与空白对照组(不使用任何药物),每组60例.试验组患者经直肠在前列腺与精囊连接部两侧各注射2%利多卡因各5ml;生理盐水组注射生理盐水;空白对照组直接行穿刺活检.采用视觉模拟评分尺(VAS)分别在B超探头进入直肠、麻醉术毕、穿刺术毕、穿刺术后20min四个评分点进行疼痛评分,穿刺结束时及术后一周随访评判患者有无并发症及其程度.在临床试验过程中对前列腺穿刺术者、VAS评分操作者、数据评价者与患者实施盲法.结果 在四个评分点对三组患者进行疼痛评分,试验组患者疼痛评分分别为(1.085±1.438)、(1.698±1.708)、(2.030±1.877)、(0.972±1.111),生理盐水组分别为(1.062±1.049)、(2.75 3±2.345)、(3.992±2.406)、(1.020±0.731),空白对照组分别为(0.903±0.901)、(0.088±0.240)、(3.495±1.885)、(1.160+1.094).超声探头进入直肠与穿刺术后20min评分比较差异无统计学意义(P值均0.05);麻醉术毕疼痛评分各组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.0001),试验组与生理盐水组、空白对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);穿刺术毕疼痛评分各组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.0001),试验组与生理盐水组、空白对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).3组患者对镇痛效果的满意度分别为91.667%、76.667%与58.333%,各组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.0001).所有患者除空白对照组发生1例败血症外,均未见严重血管迷走神经反射、严重感染、严重直肠出血、严重血尿及尿潴留并发症.各组并发症的发生比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).无患者出现局麻药中毒症状、尿潴留等并发症.所有患者均完成一周随访,随访期间无严重并发症发生.结论 穿刺术前在前列腺基底部与精囊连接部两侧注射盐酸利多卡因注射液,能显著降低穿刺术中、术后的疼痛程度,具有较好的疗效和安全性.推荐在前列腺穿刺活检术前常规应用.     

Transperineal 12-core systematic biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: The present study was designed to determine the clinical value of transperineal 12-core systematic prostate biopsy guided by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in the detection of prostate cancer. METHODS: A total of 679 consecutive patients underwent systematic prostate biopsies because of abnormal results on digital rectal examination and/or TRUS and/or an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level. Systematic six- and 12-core biopsies were taken in 138 patients between April 1994 and February 1995 and in the remaining 541 between March 1995 and February 2000, respectively. Twelve-core biopsy included two samples from the lateral portion of the peripheral zone and four from the anterior portion of the transition zone in addition to the conventional six-core biopsy. RESULTS: In the series overall, systematic biopsy revealed 156 cases of prostate cancer (23.0%). The detection rate increased by 5.2%, although this was statistically not significant, from 18.8% (26/138) by six-core biopsy to 24.0% (130/541) by 12-core biopsy. Out of 130 patients in whom prostate cancer was detected by 12-core biopsy, it was supposed that conventional six-core biopsy would have missed 18 cases (13.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Systematic 12-core biopsy might improve the detection rate for prostate cancer. However, further studies are needed to determine its clinical value in the diagnosis of the disease.     

Ultrasound-guided transrectal extended prostate biopsy： a prospective study

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value of the 10 systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy compared with the sextant biopsy technique for patients with suspected prostate cancer. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two patients with suspected prostate cancer were included in the study. Patients were entered in the study because they presented with high levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) (over 4 ng/mL) and/or had undergone an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE). In addition to sextant prostate biopsy cores, four more biopsies were obtained from the lateral peripheral zone with additional cores from each suspicious area revealed by transrectal ultrasound. Sextant, lateral peripheral zone and suspicious area biopsy cores were submitted separately to the pathological department. Results: Cancer detection rates were 27.6% (42/152) and 19.7% (30/152) for the 10-core and sextant core biopsy protocols, respectively. Adding the lateral peripheral zone (PZ) to the sextant prostate biopsy showed a 28.6% (12/42) increase in the cancer detection rate in patients with positive prostate cancer (P < 0.01). The cancer detection rate in patients who presented with elevated PSA was 29.3% (34/116). When serum PSA was 4-10 ng/mL TRUS-guided biopsy detected cancer in 20.6%, while the detection rate was 32.4% and 47.0% when serum PSA was 10-20 ng/mL and above 20 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The 10 systematic TRUS-guided prostate biopsy improves the detection rate of prostate cancer by 28.6% when compared with the sextant biopsy technique alone, without increase in the morbidity. We therefore recommend the 10-core biopsy protocol to be the preferred method for early detection of prostate cancer.     

An extended 10-core transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy protocol improves the detection of prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of TRUS guided 10-core biopsy strategy for Turkish patients who had biopsy of the prostate for the first time. METHODS: Between February 2001 and May 2003, 303 consecutive men with suspected prostate cancer were included in the study. Indications for TRUS guided prostate biopsy were: abnormal digital rectal examination and/or a serum PSA over 2.5 ng/ml. All of the patients underwent a 10-core biopsy protocol with additional core from the each suspicious area detected by TRUS. Besides the sextant technique, 4 more biopsies were obtained from the lateral peripheral zone. We aimed to analyze whether cancer detection improved with the extended versus the standard sextant biopsy in our series overall and in each subgroup. RESULTS: Of 303 patients 94 (31%) were positive for prostate cancer. Median age and PSA of prostate cancer patients were significantly higher than of the non-cancer patients. Besides prostate volumes of the cancer patients were significantly lower than of the non-cancer ones. The cancer detection rates were 31% (94/303) and 23.1% (70/303) for the 10-core biopsy strategy and sextant biopsy strategies, respectively. Thus the 10-core biopsy technique increased cancer detection rate by 25.5% (24/94) for the whole group of patients. A statistically significant number of additional cancers were detected with 10-core biopsy strategy for all the subgroups of the patients. Furthermore 10-core biopsy protocol detected more cancers (at least 6.4%) than all the probable different combinations of 8-core biopsy protocols. Among the 94 cancer patients, biopsy from a suspicious area revealed cancer in 31.9% of them; however, in all of these patients cancer was already present in the 10-core biopsy. On the other hand, lesion biopsies revealed 5.7% additional cancers if sextant technique was used. There were only 3 (0.9%) serious complications requiring hospitalization and all 3 were infections controlled by appropriate antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Adding 4 lateral peripheral biopsies to the conventional sextant biopsy (10-core biopsy strategy) technique has increased the cancer detection rate by 25.5% without significant morbidity and without increasing the number of insignificant cancers. 10-core biopsy protocol was superior to all probable 8-core biopsy protocols in our study group. Additional biopsies from suspicious areas detected by transrectal ultrasonography revealed no further benefit if 10-core technique was used. We therefore suggest that 10-core biopsy protocol should be the preferred strategy in early detection of prostate cancer.     

A comparative analysis of sextant and an extended 11-core multisite directed biopsy strategy

PURPOSE: The 3 tumor locations unsampled by conventional sextant biopsies that have been identified on composite 3-dimensional reconstruction of 180 radical prostatectomy specimens are the anterior transition zone, midline peripheral zone and inferior portions of the anterior horn in the peripheral zone. We evaluated an 11-core multisite directed biopsy scheme incorporating these alternate areas and conventional sextant biopsies in 362 patients from 2 institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients without a prior diagnosis of cancer underwent ultrasound guided 11-core biopsies which included conventional sextant and 3 alternate sites. All specimens were separated for specific location identification. Biopsy was performed in 183 patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center (group 1) and in 179 at Toronto General Hospital (group 2). All group 2 and 54% of group 1 patients (98 of 183) had a prior biopsy negative for cancer. RESULTS: Median prostate specific antigen was higher in group 2 than in group 1 patients (11.5 versus 9.5 ng./ml., p = 0.016). Overall a 33% increase (36 of 110 patients) in cancer detection was observed when biopsy technique included the alternate areas (p = 0.0021). The anterior horn was the most frequently positive biopsy site followed by the transition zone and midline sites. The 11-core technique had significantly better cancer detection rates when digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound were normal, and in men with serum prostate specific antigen between 4.1 and 10 ng./ml. CONCLUSIONS: Biopsies of the alternate sites suggested by our simulation studies are feasible and reproducible. This new strategy significantly enhanced (p = 0.0075) prostate cancer detection compared to conventional sextant biopsies in men undergoing a repeat procedure.     

Is the diagnostic yield of prostate needle biopsies affected by prostate volume?

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of prostate volume on the diagnostic yield of prostate biopsies.Materials and methods155 consecutive patients underwent 12-core transrectal ultrasound guided needle biopsies. Data were collected prospectively on age, serum PSA, digital rectal examination (DRE), previous prostate biopsies, prostate volume and pathologic result. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were undertaken to determine the effect of prostate volume on the risk for a positive biopsy.Results45 patients (29%) were diagnosed with cancer. The median patient age was 63 (range 48–82) years, the median PSA level was 6.7 ng/ml (0.5–156 ng/ml), and the median prostate volume was 57 ml (16–273 ml). 42 patients (27%) had an abnormal DRE and 51 (33%) had undergone previous prostate biopsies. Positive biopsy rates were 39%, 33%, and 14% for prostate volume below 46 ml, between 45 and 73 ml, and above 72 ml, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age, serum PSA, DRE and prostate volume were all associated with a positive biopsy. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, PSA and DRE showed a significant risk increase for a positive biopsy in smaller prostates. (OR = 5.6 95% CI 1.75–17.89; and 8.86 95% CI 2.72–28.82, for prostate volume between 45 and 72 ml and below 45 ml, respectively).ConclusionThe diagnostic yield of prostate biopsies is significantly lower in large prostates. As the result the standard 12-core biopsy may be insufficient for the diagnosis of cancer in large prostates.     

Transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal 14-core systematic biopsy detects apico-anterior cancer foci of T1c prostate cancer

AIM: The optimal biopsy strategy for prostate cancer detection, especially in men with isolated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation, remains to be defined. We evaluated diagnostic yield and safety of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided transperineal systematic 14-core biopsy and compared the spatial distribution of cancer foci detected with this technique in men with and without abnormality on digital rectal examination (DRE). METHODS: In a prospective study, 289 men aged between 50 and 87 years (median age, 70 years) underwent TRUS-guided transperineal systematic 14-core prostate biopsy because of elevated PSA and/or abnormal DRE findings. Using the fan technique, 12 cores from the peripheral zone and two cores from the transition zone were obtained systematically. To characterize the spatial distribution of cancer positive cores, site-specific overall and unique cancer detection rates were compared between stage T1c and T2 cancers. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was detected in 105 of the 289 patients (36%). Major complications requiring prolonged hospital stay or re-hospitalization during a 4-week postbiopsy period were rare (1.4%). Sixty-seven stage T1c cancers were identified. These cancers were associated with significantly lower PSA and a smaller number of cancer positive cores when compared with stage T2 cancers (n= 38). The overall cancer detection rate was highest at the anterior peripheral zone and the posterior peripheral zone in stage T1c and stage T2 cancers, respectively. The unique cancer detection rate at the anterior peripheral zone was significantly higher in stage T1c cancers than in stage T2 cancers. Therefore, when the prostate is extensively biopsied using the transperineal approach, cancer positive cores are characteristically distributed anteriorly in stage T1c cancers and posteriorly in stage T2 cancers. CONCLUSIONS: TRUS-guided transperineal systematic 14-core biopsy showed an apico-anterior distribution of cancer foci in stage T1c prostate cancers.     

B超引导10点前列腺穿刺法诊断前列腺癌的结果分析

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下10点法前列腺穿刺活检中前列腺癌阳性结果的分布情况。方法本组473例均因PSA>4ng/ml而进行经直肠超声引导下10点法宝前列腺穿刺活检,穿刺点为在标准的系统6点(前列腺旁正中线矢状切面尖部、中部、底部)的基础上,两外侧各增加2针(外侧周缘中部、底部)。本组患者年龄为41～85岁,平均65岁;PSA水平4.1～444ng/ml,平均15.05ng/ml;前列腺体积8.0～160.0ml,平均42.17ml。对穿刺各针的阳性率及各区域独立出现的阳性率进行分析。结果穿刺总阳性率为26.6%(126/473)。前列腺各穿刺部位的阳性率为:外侧底部23.7%(112/473)、外侧中部20.7%(98/473)、底部19.5%(92/473)、中部18.4%(87/473)、尖部23.9%(113/473)。只有该区域出现阳性的分布情况:外侧底部8.7%(11/126)、外侧中部5.6%(7/126)、底部2.4%(3/126)、中部3.2%(4/126)、尖部7.1%(9/126)。各穿刺部位的阳性率具有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论经直肠超声引导下经直肠前列腺10点法穿刺活检术可明显提高前列腺癌的临床检出率。其前列腺的尖部、外侧底部和外侧中部的穿刺阳性率要比其他部位高。