Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine.

We examined eight patients with adenocarcinoma of the small intestine: four were localized in the duodenum and four in the jejunum. We performed six curative resections: two pancreatoduodenectomy, two total pancreatectomy and two jejunal resections; in two cases, only by-pass was performed. Three patients who were resected are alive after more than five years; the other patients died between nine and forty-one months after surgery. The evaluation of the data from our experience and from literature shows that the consistently negative results are related to a delay in diagnosis and therapy.     

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine

Sixty-five patients with adenocarcinoma of the small intestine were encountered over a 31 year period. The duodenum was the most common location, with a decreasing frequency distally. Associated malignancies were present in a fourth of the patients. Presenting signs and symptoms were vague and related to either obstruction or bleeding. Barium contrast examination and endoscopy for duodenal tumors were the primary diagnostic modalities. Curative treatment was wide resection of bowel and mesentery for jejunal and ileal tumors and pancreaticoduodenectomy for duodenal tumors. Favorable prognosticators included jejunal location, absence of nodal metastases, and a well-differentiated grade. Stage for stage, the prognosis of patients with adenocarcinoma of the small intestine parallels that of patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon. With greater awareness of this tumor, it is possible that earlier detection will lead to improved overall survival.     

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine associated with Crohn's disease

A case is described of adenocarcinoma of the small intestine with coexisting regional enteritis. The previous reports in the literature are briefly reviewed and a causal relationship is discussed.     

原发性小肠淋巴瘤的临床诊治

目的 探讨原发性小肠淋巴瘤(PSIL)的临床诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2007年7月收治的15例PSIL患者的临床资料,其中男性9例,女性6例,年龄18-73岁,平均51.6岁.按发病性别、年龄、临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查、诊断、治疗方法等项目进行分析.结果 15 例患者常见的临床表现为腹痛、腹部肿物、肠梗阻、消化道出血及消瘦,血清肿瘤学指标均正常.15例均接受螺旋CT检查,检出肿瘤15例,提示PSIL 12例;11例行消化道钡餐检查,4例检出病变,1例提示PSIL可能.15例患者均行手术治疗,术后病理检查结果:15例均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL),其中弥漫性大B细胞性NHL 8例,黏膜相关淋巴组织B细胞性NHL 5例,肠病相关T细胞 性NHL 2例.术后发生应激性溃疡l例,无围手术期死亡.术后10例患者接受辅助化疗,方案为 CHOP(环磷酰胺+表柔比星+长春新碱+泼尼松).术后14例获得随访,平均随访30个月(6-52 个月),6例死于肿瘤转移或复发.1、3年生存率分别为85.7%、57.1%.结论 PSIL仅靠临床表现不易确诊,消化道钡餐诊断率低,螺旋 CT 是较好的早期诊断方法,结合临床具有较高的诊断价值.手术结合化疗是治疗PSIL的重要手段.     

Volvulus of the small intestine.

At the Mayo Clinic, six patients with primary volvulus and 51 with secondary volvulus were treated during a 10-year period. Volvulus of the small intestine must be considered when a patient presents with small-bowel obstruction, and early operative intervention should be undertaken to prevent vascular compromise.     

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine: 21-Year review of diagnosis,treatment, and prognosis

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tumor characteristics and treatment associated with an improved overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma of the small intestine. Methods: The records of all patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the small bowel seen between January 1971 and December 1991 were reviewed retrospectively. The study comprised 38 patients, 22 (58%) with duodenal tumors, 11 (29%) with jejunal tumors, and five (13%) with ileal tumors. Results: Although not statistically significant, the patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma lived longer than the patients with jejunal or ileal lesions (p=0.77). The overall survival was 23% and seemed to correlate best with absence of lymph node metastases (p=0.04) and pancreaticoduodenectomy for localized duodenal tumors (p=0.04). The patient's age, duration of symptoms, disease-free interval, tumor location, type of recurrence, and histologic grade did not significantly influence survival. Conclusions: The lethality of small-intestinal adenocarcinoma appears to be related to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. When a definitive surgical procedure is performed before lymph node metastases appear, the patient's chance for long-term survival is greatly improved.Presented at the 46th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, California, March 18–21, 1993.     

Free perforation of the small intestine.

Surgeons operating on patients with an obscure peritonitis should be aware of the diverse etiologies of small intestinal perforation and the general principles of management of each. A series of 16 adult patients with free perforation of the small intestine and spreading peritonitis in the absence of bowel obstruction, incarcerated hernia, or trauma is reviewed. Etiologies were as follows: Crohn's disease, four patients; foreign body ingestion, two patients; jejunal diverticulosis, one patient; lymphoma, two patients; cancer chemotherapy, one patient, amyloidosis, one patient; idiopathic, five patients. Although all patient presented with diffuse peritonitis, the findings of fever and leukocytosis were inconstant. Free air was demonstrated on radiographs in only eight of 16 patients, and the correct preoperative diagnosis was not made except in the four patients with Crohn's disease. Resection and primary anastomosis were utilized successfully in ten patients, the remainder of the patients undergoing oversewing the the perforation. Four patients (25%) died.     

Microflora of the human small intestine.

The human small intestine is normally sterile in nearly one half of North American subjects. In this study the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were sterile in 82, 69, and 55 per cent of the cases, respectively. Gram-positive cocci were the most frequent finding. E. coli, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella were present in the small bowel in nearly 7, 15, and 35 per cent of duodenal, jejunal, and ileal samples, respecatively. They were present in significant numbers (greater than 1 X 10(5)/ml) in the mid-jejunum in two patients and in the mid-ileum in seven patients (23 per cent). Even with modern anaerobic techniques, anaerobes are scarce in the small bowel; 4 to 6 per cent of persons may have aerotolerant anaerobes like clostridia, but strict anaerobes like bacteroides are rare. Our study provides baseline data for use in interpreting the intestinal bacterial overgrowth associated with certain postoperative disorders.     

Concurrent low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of MALT type arising in the large intestine, small intestine and stomach

Low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) are indolent neoplasms that, although tending to remain localized for many years, may spread to other mucosal sites. Despite increasing identification of concurrent gastric and intestinal lymphoma of MALT type, the clonal relationship between the tumors and their sequential development are poorly understood. It is also unknown whether the development of these concurrent tumors is closely associated with direct antigen stimulation, which is thought to play an important role in the clonal expansion of low grade MALT lymphomas. The most important function of B-cells is production of specific antibodies. This is largely achieved during B-cell development by recombination of the Ig heavy chain variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments and hypermutation of the rearranged gene. The rearranged Ig genes of a mature B-cell record much of its evolution history. We report a case of synchronous development of intestinal and gastric low grade MALT lymphomas in a 70 years old female and discuss their possible clonal relationship and sequential appearance.     

Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel

Cancer of the small bowel is a rare entity but its incidence is rising. Historically, outcome is poor despite apparent curative resection. At present surgery remains the only treatment modality of proven benefit in the management of this disease. Recent data would suggest 5‐year survival rates in the order of 40–50% at all sites of small bowel cancer. To improve upon this, earlier diagnosis with a high index of suspicion and multicentre adjuvant therapy trials are required.