复方山莨菪碱注射液的遗传毒性评价

目的 复方山莨菪碱注射液的遗传毒性研究。方法 采用细菌回复突变试验（bacterial reverse mutation test,简称Ames test）,体外染色体畸变试验（chromosome aberration test,简称CA）和体内微核试验（micronucleus test,简称MNT）3个标准试验组合,以评价复方山莨菪碱注射液的遗传毒性。结果 Ames试验表明在所有受试剂量为0.5、5、50、500、5 000μg/皿,两种平行条件下,即有或没有S9代谢活化系统时,受试物对TA1535、TA102、TA100、TA98及TA97这5种细菌菌株,与溶媒对照组的突变菌落数进行比较,各剂量组的所诱发的回复突变菌落数均与其相近。CA试验中,受试物设3个剂量组,依次为58.75、117.5及235.0μg/ml,所有剂量在两种平行的系统条件下（即有或没有S9代谢活化系统时）,对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO细胞）的染色体畸变率均没有显著影响。MNT试验也设了3个剂量组,分别为7.5、15.0及30.0 mg/kg。所有剂量组与溶媒对照组的微核诱发率进行比较,对ICR小鼠骨髓的微核诱...     

宫炎平片的遗传毒性试验研究

目的在体外条件下研究宫炎平片(GYP)是否具有遗传毒性,为临床用药安全提供依据。方法对GYP设不同剂量组,选用Ames试验、体外CHL细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验进行遗传毒性试验。结果Ames试验各组平皿均未见细菌毒性表现,结果为阴性。CHL试验中24 h后采样以及48 h后采样,所有剂量的细胞染色体畸变率均未显著增高,GYP无抑制有丝分裂或诱导染色体数目畸变的能力,微核试验结果为阴性无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论综合以上3个试验结果,认为在实验条件下,GYP无遗传毒性。     

尿素遗传毒性评价研究

目的：评价尿素的遗传毒性风险。方法：Ames试验：采用TA98、TA100、TA1535、TA1537和 WP2 uvrA共5种菌株(有和无S9代谢活化)开展,尿素处理剂量为5000、1667、556和185 µg/皿,所有样本置37 ℃培养48 h后进行菌落计数;染色体畸变试验：CHL细胞分别与尿素作用6 h(有和无S9代谢活化)和24 h(无S9代谢活化),尿素处理浓度范围为0.16 ~2.50 mg/mL;细胞经秋水仙素处理后,收获并制片。每组观察100个中期分裂相细胞中含结构畸变和/或数目畸变的细胞数;小鼠骨髓微核试验：单次经口灌胃给予ICR小鼠10000、5000和2500 mg/kg尿素,并在给药24 h和48 h后取材。计数2000个嗜多染红细胞中含微核细胞率。结果：尿素处理组各菌回复突变菌落数与阴性对照组比较均未见明显增加;尿素导致的结构畸变率和数目畸变率与阴性对照组比较均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);给予尿素后24 h,各剂量组平均含微核嗜多染红细胞率与阴性对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05),给予尿素后48 h,10000 mg/kg剂量组动物平均含微核嗜多染红细胞率与阴性对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。结论：尿素浓度为5000 μg/皿及以下时无诱导细菌碱基突变作用,在无明显细胞毒性作用浓度条件下无诱导哺乳动物细胞染色体结构畸变作用,剂量为10000 mg/kg及以下时无诱导小鼠骨髓细胞染色体损伤作用。故尿素的整体遗传毒性评价结果为阴性。     

Wentilactone A的遗传毒性评价

目的 检测Wentilactone A的遗传毒性。方法 应用经典遗传毒性检测组合(Ames试验、体外培养CHO细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓微核试验)检测Wentilactone A的遗传毒性。结果 Ames试验结果提示,Wentilactone A在每皿5 000、500、50、5、0.5 μg 5个剂量下,在加和不加代谢活化系统（S9）时,对鼠伤寒沙门菌均无致突变性。CHO细胞染色体畸变试验结果提示,在终浓度23.74、47.48、94.96 μg/ml 3个剂量组,在加和不加S9中,于作用4 h和24 h的条件下培养的CHO细胞,均未诱发染色体畸变。小鼠骨髓微核试验在100、200、400 mg/kg 3个剂量下作用24 h以及400 mg/kg剂量下作用48 h对骨髓细胞的微核诱发率,与溶剂对照组比较均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论 Wentilactone A对鼠伤寒沙门菌无致突变性,对CHO细胞的染色体无致畸变作用,对ICR小鼠无诱发骨髓细胞微核的效应。上述结果提示Wentilactone A不具有遗传毒性和潜在致癌性。     

消旋酶法DL-丙氨酸的遗传毒性研究

目的 评价消旋酶法DL-丙氨酸的遗传毒性。方法 小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验设阴性对照组（纯水）、阳性对照组（环磷酰胺40 mg/kg）和消旋酶法DL-丙氨酸3个剂量组（10 000、5 000和2 500 mg/kg）,观察各组小鼠胸骨骨髓细胞微核发生率;小鼠精原细胞染色体畸变实验设阴性对照组（纯水）、阳性对照组（环磷酰胺40 mg/kg）和消旋酶法DL-丙氨酸3个剂量组（10 000、5 000和2 500 mg/kg）,观察各组小鼠睾丸精原细胞染色体畸变类型并计算畸变率。细菌回复突变实验（Ames实验）设空白对照组、溶剂对照组、阳性对照组和消旋酶法DL-丙氨酸5个剂量组（50、158、500、1 580、5 000 μg/皿和8、40、200、1 000、5 000 μg/皿）,计数各组回复突变菌落数。结果 小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验结果显示,各剂量组消旋酶法DL-丙氨酸微核细胞率与对照组的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;小鼠精原细胞染色体畸变实验结果显示,各剂量组消旋酶法DL-丙氨酸动物睾丸精原细胞染色体畸变率与对照组的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;细菌回复突变实验结果显示,在加或不加S9的情况下,各剂量组消旋酶法DL-丙氨酸对TA97a、TA98、TA100、TA102、TA1535菌株均无致突变作用,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 消旋酶法DL-丙氨酸未见明显遗传毒性。     

富马酸泰诺福韦双特戊酯的遗传毒性研究

目的 检测富马酸泰诺福韦双特戊酯(TDF)的遗传毒性,为临床用药提供理论依据.方法 应用鼠伤寒沙门细菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)、体外培养中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞(CHL)细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓微核试验检测该药物的遗传毒性.结果 该药物对鼠伤寒沙门菌无致突变性,对体外培养CHL细胞染色体无致畸变作用,对昆明小鼠无诱发骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的效应,三个试验结果均呈阴性.结论 TDF不具有遗传毒性.     

盐酸川丁特罗遗传毒性研究

目的：研究盐酸川丁特罗（SPFF）的遗传毒性。方法：采用Ames试验、哺乳动物培养细胞染色体畸变试验、小鼠微核试验，考察SPFF对鼠伤寒沙门菌和细胞的遗传毒性。结果：经Ames试验、CHL细胞染色体畸变试验、小鼠微核试验，SPFF的结果均呈阴性。结论：SPFF无遗传毒性。     

银参胶囊遗传毒性研究

目的探讨银参胶囊的遗传毒性。方法选用SPF级健康ICR小鼠,通过Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验等遗传毒性试验验证银参胶囊的安全性。结果 Ames试验中,银参胶囊在8~5 000μg/皿剂量范围内,无论是否加入哺乳动物肝脏微粒体酶(S9),鼠伤寒沙门菌TA97,TA98,TA100,TA102等4株菌的回复突变菌落数均未出现剂量依赖性增加;微核试验中,2 500,5 000,10 000 mg/kg剂量组均未见骨髓中含微核的嗜多染红细胞数增加;小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验中,药物质量分数为2 500,5 000,10 000 mg/kg时,细胞的染色体畸变率均未出现剂量依赖性增加。结论银参胶囊未显示致突变作用,可初步判定其在遗传毒性方面是安全的。     

补血益母丸遗传毒性研究

目的 对补血益母丸干膏粉进行遗传毒性试验,为临床安全用药提供依据。方法 采用组氨酸营养缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97a、TA98、TA100、TA102、TA1535进行细菌回复突变（Ames）试验,采用中国仓鼠肺成纤维（CHL）细胞进行体外染色体畸变试验,采用ICR小鼠进行骨髓细胞微核试验综合评估补血益母丸干膏粉的遗传毒性。其中,Ames试验设50、150、500、1 500、5 000μg·皿-1 5个剂量;体外细胞染色体畸变试验设125、250、500μg·mL-1 3个剂量;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验设500、1 000、2 000 mg·kg-1 3个剂量,每天给药1次,连续给药3 d。结果 在代谢及非代谢活化条件下（+S9/-S9）,Ames试验结果显示,补血益母丸干膏粉对各菌株均无明显或可重复的诱变性及抑菌性;体外CHL细胞染色体畸变试验结果显示,补血益母丸干膏粉对CHL细胞染色体结构畸变率未见有意义的升高;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验结果显示,补血益母丸干膏粉对ICR小鼠骨髓细胞微核率无明显影响。结论 补血益母丸干膏粉未见潜在的遗传毒性。     

补血益母丸遗传毒性研究

目的 对补血益母丸干膏粉进行遗传毒性试验,为临床安全用药提供依据。方法 采用组氨酸营养缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97a、TA98、TA100、TA102、TA1535进行细菌回复突变（Ames）试验,采用中国仓鼠肺成纤维（CHL）细胞进行体外染色体畸变试验,采用ICR小鼠进行骨髓细胞微核试验综合评估补血益母丸干膏粉的遗传毒性。其中,Ames试验设50、150、500、1 500、5 000 μg·皿^-1 5个剂量;体外细胞染色体畸变试验设125、250、500 μg·mL^-1 3个剂量;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验设500、1 000、2 000 mg·kg^-1 3个剂量,每天给药1次,连续给药3 d。结果 在代谢及非代谢活化条件下（＋S9/-S9）,Ames试验结果 显示,补血益母丸干膏粉对各菌株均无明显或可重复的诱变性及抑菌性;体外CHL细胞染色体畸变试验结果显示,补血益母丸干膏粉对CHL细胞染色体结构畸变率未见有意义的升高;小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验结果显示,补血益母丸干膏粉对ICR小鼠骨髓细胞微核率无明显影响。结论 补血益母丸干膏粉未见潜在的遗传毒性。     

Genotoxicity studies on HM10760A,recombinant human erythropoietin conjugated to globin fragment

HM10760A is a recombinant human erythropoietin chemically conjugated to the N-terminus of human immunoglobulin Fc fragment through a polyethylene glycol linker. HM10760A was shown to have a relatively long half-life, compared with unconjugated recombinant erythropoietin. In this study, the genotoxicity of HM10760A was investigated by using a test battery of three different methods. In the Ames assay, five strains (TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA) were tested at six concentrations of 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100?μg/plate. HM10760A did not increase the number of revertant colonies in any tester strains with and without metabolic activation by rat-liver S9 mix. Subsequently, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, using Chinese hamster lung cells, were conducted at the concentrations of 25, 50, and 100?μg/mL. HM10760A did not induce chromosomal aberrations either in the short-period (6 hours) test with or without rat-liver S9 mix or in the continuous-treatment (24 hours) test. In the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay using the male ICR (imprinting control region) mouse, HM10760A was subcutaneously administered twice at 24-hour intervals at doses of 0, 150, 300, and 600?μg/kg. HM10760A produced a slight, but statistically significant, increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes at 600?μg/kg. However, no biological significance was assumed, because this value was within the historical control range. From these findings obtained from the genotoxicity assays performed in this study, it appears unlikely that HM10760A acts as a genotoxic agent in vitro and in vivo.     

雷公藤内酯醇的遗传毒性评价

目的 观察雷公藤的主要有效成分之一雷公藤内酯醇的遗传毒性。方法 采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)、体外培养CHO细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓微核试验检测雷公藤内酯醇的遗传毒性。结果 Ames试验提示在每皿1.6~1000 μg受试剂量下,在加或不加S9代谢活化系统时,受试物对组氨酸缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102及TA1535所诱发的回复突变菌落数均与溶媒对照的突变菌落数相近。体外培养CHO细胞染色体畸变试验结果显示0.01、0.02和0.04 μg/ml 3个剂量的受试物,对加与不加S9代谢活化系统培养的CHO细胞的染色体畸变率无明显影响。小鼠骨髓微核试验设180、360、720 μg/kg 3个剂量,在720 μg/kg剂量时,雷公藤内酯醇有诱发骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率增高的效应。结论 在本实验条件下,雷公藤内酯醇对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌无致突变性,对哺乳动物培养细胞染色体无致畸变作用,720 μg/kg剂量下对ICR小鼠有诱发骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率增高的效应。提示雷公藤内酯醇对人体可能具有潜在的遗传毒性。     

Tinospora cordifolia, a safety evaluation

Tinospora cordifolia is one of the indispensable medicinal plants used in veterinary folk medicine/Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of diverse diseases and recommended for improving the immune system by means of body resistance. In the current study, we evaluated the genotoxic risk of the aqueous extract of T. cordifolia (TC) in a battery of four different genotoxicity tests viz., Ames, in vitro chromosome aberration (CA), rodent bone marrow micronucleus (MN), and Comet assay. Experimental results confirmed that in Ames test up to 5000 μg/plate of TC did not exhibit any mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium mutant strains (TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535). In CA assay, TC was not clastogenic to human peripheral blood lymphocytes up to a concentration of 3000 μg/ml. In MN and Comet assays, TC was pre-treated for 7 days at three dose levels (150, 200 and 250 mg/kg body weight) orally to male Balb/c mice. The results showed that TC treatment did not display clastogenicity and DNA damaging effect in bone marrow erythrocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes respectively.     

Genotoxicity of motorcycle exhaust particles in vivo and in vitro.

We studied the genotoxic potency of motorcycle exhaust particles (MEP) by using a bacterial reversion assay and chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests. In the bacterial reversion assay (Ames test), MEP concentration-dependently increased TA98, TA100, and TA102 revertants in the presence of metabolic-activating enzymes. In the chromosome aberration test, MEP concentration-dependently increased abnormal structural chromosomes in CHO-K1 cells both with and without S9. Pretreatment with antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, catalase, and NAC) showed varying degrees of inhibitory effect on the MEP-induced mutagenic effect and chromosome structural abnormalities. In the in vivo micronucleus test, MEP dose-dependently induced micronucleus formation in peripheral red blood cells after 24 and 48 h of treatment. The increase of micronucleated reticulocytes induced by MEP was inhibited by pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate. The fluorescence intensity of DCFH-DA-loaded CHO-K1 cells was increased upon the addition of MEP. Our data suggest that MEP can induce genotoxicity through a reactive oxygen species-(ROS-) dependent pathway, which can be augmented by metabolic activation. Alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, catalase, and NAC can inhibit MEP-induced genotoxicity, indicating that ROS might be involved in this effect.     

Genotoxicity of dicrotophos, an organophosphorous pesticide, assessed with different assays in vitro

Dicrotophos is a systemic insecticide with a wide range of applications. We investigated the genotoxicity of dicrotophos using the Ames test, the chromosome aberration test in CHO-K1 cells, and the comet assay in the Hep G2 cells, while this chemicals' toxicity to both the cell lines was evaluated with the MTT assay. Results showed that dicrotophos did not show any cytotoxicity to CHO-K1 cells, whereas it was cytotoxic to HepG2 cells incubated for 24 h but not for 2 h. For genotoxicity of dicrotophos, a significant change in the numbers of bacterial reveratnts using Salmomella typhimurium TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535 as the tester strains, an increase in the frequencies of chromosome aberration in CHO-K1 cells, and an induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells were observed, indicating that dicrotophos was genotoxic in these three performed assays. From this study, we provide further evidence towards of genotoxic effects of dicrotophos.     

阿比哚致突变作用的研究

目的研究阿比哚的致突变作用。方法应用微生物回复突变试验、小鼠微核试验、哺乳动物培养细胞染色体试验 ,观察阿比哚对细胞的诱变性。结果阿比哚的Ames实验、小鼠体内微核试验、CHL细胞染色体畸变试验均呈阴性结果 ,阿比哚无诱变性。结论阿比哚无致突变作用。