深度学习重建算法在腹部CT成像中应用的体模研究

目的 探讨不同辐射剂量下深度学习图像重建算法（DLIR）相对于常规迭代重建算法（ASIR-V）对腹部体模CT图像质量的改善价值。方法 根据管电压设置100 kV组与120 kV组,每组按照容积剂量指数（CTDI_vol）不同（2、4、6、8、10、15 mGy）分为6组进行常规扫描,获得基于滤波反投影（FBP）算法的CT图像,并使用不同权重迭代重建算法（ASIR-V 50%、80%、100%）及不同等级深度学习重建算法（DLIR-L、DLIR-M、DLIR-H）进行图像重建,共获得84组图像。对比分析不同重建方式下各CTDI_vol组图像各部位CT值、噪声、信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）及主观评分的变化规律。图像质量主观评分比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,客观指标和辐射剂量比较采用单因素方差分析及配对样本t检验。结果 同一管电压下,各CTDI_vol组不同重建条件下各部位的噪声、SNR、CNR差异均有统计学意义（F=415.39、315.30,P<0.001）,且ASIR-V 50%与DLIR-L图像的噪声、SNR、CNR差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;主观评分之间差异均有统计学意义（100 kV组：H=13.47,P=0.036;120 kV组：H=12.99,P=0.043）,且两名医师的主观评分一致性较高（Kappa>0.70）,其中DLIR-H图像质量评分最高,DLIR-M与ASIR-V 50%图像质量主观评分基本一致;100 kV组图像质量主观评分整体较120 kV略高。以CTDI_vol为15 mGy组ASIR-V 50%图像作为参照,在满足诊断需求的前提下,低中高等级的DLIR可以分别降低辐射剂量超过30%、70%、85%。结论 DLIR算法不仅能够显著降低图像噪声、提高图像质量,而且可以在满足诊断需求的前提下有效降低辐射剂量;推荐临床应用100 kV结合中、高等级DLIR行腹部低剂量CT扫描。     

基于多模型的迭代重建技术对低剂量CT结肠成像图像质量的影响

目的 评价Revolution CT应用不同水平基于多模型的迭代重建算法（ASIR-V）对提高低剂量CT结肠成像图像质量的能力。方法 选用离体猪结肠获得模拟息肉30个,使用Revolution CT在不同扫描条件（管电压120 kVp,管电流10、30、50、70、90、100、120、140、160、180、200、220、240、260 mA）下扫描,分别应用6种不同水平ASIR-V（0、10%、30%、50%、70%、90%）算法进行图像重建。两名观察者盲法对84组CT结肠成像重组图像[CT仿真内镜（CTVE）、多平面重建（MPR）、容积再现（VR）、虚拟分割（VD）]分别进行主观质量评分（4分制）,同时独立测量图像噪声（SD）、信噪比（SNR）及对比噪声比（CNR）。比较图像质量主观评分一致性及不同管电流、不同水平ASIR-V重建图像的SD、SNR、CNR差异。结果 两观察者图像质量主观评分一致性好（Kappa值=0.683）,管电流（r=0.734,P=0.000）及ASIR-V水平（r=0.220,P=0.044）的变化与图像质量主观评分相关,相同管电流条件下,50% ASIR-V重建图像质量主观评分最高。两观察者客观数据一致性良好。不同管电流、不同水平ASIR-V重建图像的SD、SNR及CNR差异均具有统计学意义（F=423.58、124.26、1 030.17,P<0.05）。同一管电流水平下,随着ASIR-V水平增高,图像SD降低,CNR增大;图像SNR在管电流为10、120、140、160、220、240、260 mA水平下差异具有统计学意义（F=8.75~31.36,P<0.05）。相同水平的ASIR-V重建,随管电流增大,图像SD下降,SNR及CNR逐渐升高。结论 CT结肠成像中,应用ASIR-V算法可以显著降低噪声,提高图像对比噪声比,提高图像质量,且50% ASIR-V水平在降噪能力方面更为显著。     

基于深度学习的重建算法对腹部胰腺和门静脉CT图像质量的改善价值

目的探讨深度学习重建算法(DLIR)相对于滤波反投影算法(FBP)和多模型迭代重建算法(ASIR-V)对腹部胰腺和门静脉CT图像质量的改善价值。方法选取行常规腹部CT增强检查的患者36例,所得图像分别采用DLIRL、DLIR-M、DLIR-H、FBP及30%ASIR-V、70%ASIR-V算法重建图像,所得6种重建图像由2位放射科医师采用双盲法对图像噪声、对比度及细微结构进行主观评价。通过分别测量不同重建算法图像的CT值、SD值、SNR和CNR,并进行组间比较,来观察不同重建算法对图像质量的影响。结果 6组图像的SNR、CNR差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中DLIR-H图像的SNR和CNR最高。主观评分之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两位医师的主观评分一致性良好,Kappa≥0.70,其中DLIR-M的主观评分最高。结论与FBP和ASIR-V重建算法比较,DLIR能够有效降低图像噪声、提高图像质量,因此DLIR算法可用于提升腹部胰腺和门静脉CT图像质量,有较好的临床应用前景。     

深度学习图像重建算法在肝脏增强CT成像中改善图像质量及辐射剂量的应用价值

目的探讨深度学习图像重建算法(DLIR)对肝脏增强CT延迟期图像质量、辐射剂量的影响。方法选取因可疑肝肿块行腹部增强CT扫描患者70例,随机分为常规剂量组(A组)35例和低剂量组(B组)35例,对A、B两组患者延迟期数据分别进行30.0%迭代重建算法(ASIR-V 30.0%)、中等级DLIR(DLIR-M)、高等级DLIR(DLIR-H)重建,亚组分别命名为A_(AS-30)、A_(DL-M)、A_(DL-H),B_(AS-30)、B_(DL-M)、B_(DL-H)。比较A_(AS-30)、A_(DL-M)、A_(DL-H)算法间,B_(AS-30)、B_(DL-M)、B_(DL-H)算法间,以及A_(AS-30)与B_(DL-M)、B_(DL-H)算法间图像噪声、信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)及主观图像质量评分的统计学差异。结果在A组间和B组间,DLIR算法图像噪声、SNR、CNR和主观图像质量评分均优于ASIR-V 30.0%图像(均P<0.01),以DLIR-H图像噪声最低,SNR、主观评分最高。在有效辐射剂量降低81.0%时,BDL-M算法图像噪声、SNR、CNR与AAS-30算法差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但主观图像质量评分仍略高于A_(AS-30)算法(3.00±0.41 vs 2.32±0.47,P<0.01),B_(DL-H)算法图像噪声、SNR、CNR和主观图像质量评分均优于A_(AS-30)算法(均P<0.01),且B_(DL-M)、B_(DL-H)算法图像主观评分均能基本满足临床诊断需求(主观评分≥3分)。结论DLIR算法可显著提高肝脏增强CT图像质量,并可在保证临床诊断质量的同时,显著降低扫描辐射剂量。     

深度学习重建算法在低辐射剂量头颈联合CT血管成像中的应用价值

目的 探讨深度学习重建算法(DLIR)与自适应统计迭代重建算法(ASiR-V)在头颈部CT血管成像(CTA)中检查剂量和成像质量的差异。方法 前瞻性收集因头颈部血管疾病行头颈部CTA检查的患者80例。按照检查的先后顺序分为A组和B组,每组40例。A组采用管电压120 kV,噪声指数11.0,ASiR-V 50%重建;B组采用管电压80 kV,噪声指数9.0,分别采用ASiR-V 50%重建(B1组)和DLIR-H重建(B2组)。采用独立样本t检验比较两组的辐射剂量和图像质量。采用Kruskal-wallis检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验用于比较两种成像方式的辐射剂量和主观、客观图像质量。比较组间强化血管CT值,感兴趣区(ROI)的信号与噪声, 计算信噪比(SNR)和对比信噪比(CNR)。结果 A、B两组有效辐射剂量分别为(0.77±0.08)、(0.45±0.05)mSv,差异有统计学意义(t=21.96,P<0.001)。A、B1、B2 3组图像的主动脉弓、颈动脉起始部、颈动脉分叉层面、大脑中动脉M1段强化血管CT值、SD、SNR、CNR,差异均有统计学意义(F=67.69、68.50、50.52、74.10、63.10、91.22、69.16,P<0.001)。A、B1、B2 3组图像质量主观评分差异有统计学意义(Z=71.06,P<0.05)。结论 DLIR算法能够在进一步降低头颈部CTA检查辐射剂量的同时,明显地减少图像噪声,保证了图像质量,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

自适应统计迭代重建算法对肝脏低剂量CT能谱成像质量的影响

目的 探讨自适应统计迭代重建算法(ASIR)在肝脏低剂量CT能谱成像(GSI)中降低辐射剂量、优化图像质量的价值。方法 将60例行肝脏CT能谱成像患者按就诊顺序分为2组,每组30例:A组为低剂量GSI扫描组,采用ASIR重建,按不同ASIR权重值分别重建A1组(ASIR 0%)图像和A2组(ASIR 50%)图像;B组为常规剂量GSI扫描组,采用滤波反投影法(FBP)重建图像。由2名放射科医师对3组GSI图像质量进行评价,并比较A、B两组辐射剂量的差异。结果 A组和B组的有效剂量(E)分别为(3.2±0.2)和(5.8±0.2)mSv(Z=-6.874,P<0.05)。A1组、A2组和B组GSI图像的噪声、信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR)差异均有统计学意义(F=24.013、15.646和8.285,P<0.05)。与A1组图像相比,A2组和B组图像的噪声均较低,但SNR值和CNR值均较高(P<0.05);而A2组和B组图像的噪声、SNR和CNR差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组图像的主观评价结果差异有统计学意义(F=102.38、105.768,P<0.05),主观评分结果一致性较好(Kappa=0.819,P<0.05)。结论 应用低管电流CT能谱成像技术联合ASIR算法可以显著降低肝脏增强门静脉期GSI扫描的辐射剂量,并可得到较好的图像质量。     

深度学习重建算法改善颅脑低剂量CT图像质量的可行性研究

目的探讨深度学习重建算法(DLIR)较自适应统计迭代重建(ASIR-V)算法在改善颅脑低剂量CT图像质量方面的效果。方法回顾性纳入2021年11月至2022年8月在解放军总医院第二医学中心接受颅脑CT检查的患者, 对所有患者的低剂量CT采用4种不同算法重建:获得30%强度ASIR-V(ASIR-V-30%)图像、低强度DLIR(DLIR-L)图像、中等强度DLIR(DLIR-M)图像和高强度DLIR(DLIR-H)图像。在4组图像的表浅白质、表浅灰质、深部白质和深部灰质内选取感兴趣区并测量其CT值, 计算信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR)。由3名神经影像医师按照Likert 5分量表对图像质量进行主观评分。对4组图像的客观、主观评分进行分析, 若总体存在差异, 则进行组内两两比较。结果共纳入109例患者, 男104例、女5例, 年龄65～110岁, 平均(89.16±9.53)岁。颅脑CT低剂量扫描的辐射剂量为(0.93±0.01)mSv, 显著低于常规扫描(2.92±0.01)mSv(t = 56.15, P < 0.05 )。颅脑低剂量CT的4组图像的SNR深部灰质、SN...     

宽体探测器联合全模型实时迭代重建在肥胖患者上腹部扫描中的应用

目的 探讨宽体探测器联合全模型实时迭代重建技术（ASIR-V）在肥胖患者上腹部低辐射剂量扫描中的应用价值。方法 根据体模实验找出常规上腹部扫描（管电压为120 kVp,噪声指数为10 HU）最佳前置及后置ASIR-V比例;在体模实验基础上,前瞻性收集需行上腹部CT增强的87例肥胖患者（体质量指数≥30 kg/m²）,依随机数表法分为试验组（43例）和对照组（44例）。试验组采用宽体探测器（80 mm）CT联合前置40% ASIR-V行上腹部双期增强扫描获得A1组图像（默认为后置40% ASIR-V）,再联合60%后置ASIR-V技术重建获得A2组图像。对照组采用常规探测器CT（40 mm）扫描后联合40%自适应统计迭代重建技术（ASIR）重建获得B组图像。比较试验组和对照组的辐射剂量、图像的对比噪声比（CNR）、图像噪声和主观评分（5分制法）。结果 常规上腹部扫描最佳前置及后置ASIR-V比例分别为40%及60%。试验组的有效剂量E为（4.55±0.95）mSv,低于对照组的（9.58±2.04）mSv（t=-14.773,P<0.001）。A2组除双期肝脏外,各部位CNR均高于A1及B组（q=2.160~3.209,P<0.05）,双期图像噪声低于A1及B组（q=-4.212~-3.202,P<0.05）,双期总体图像质量评分高于A1及B组（Z=-5.155~-2.561,P<0.05）。A1组双期各部位CNR及图像噪声与B组差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,双期总体图像质量评分低于B组（Z=-3.298~-3.030,P<0.05）。A组双期图像质量评分均>3分,均能满足临床诊断需求。结论 肥胖患者采用宽体探测器联合前置40% ASIR-V技术,可比常规探测器扫描减少约53%的辐射剂量;联合后置ASIR-V重建技术,可在保持或提高图像CNR的同时优化总体图像质量。     

自动管电流调制技术结合迭代重建算法在低剂量CT肺动脉成像中的应用

目的 探讨自动管电流调制技术结合idose4迭代重建算法在低剂量CT肺动脉成像（CTPA）中的应用价值。方法 连续收集行CTPA的受检者80例,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和实验组,每组40例。两组管电压均采用80 kV。对照组固定管电流为180 mAs,采用滤波反投影法重建,获得A组图像;实验组采用自动管电流调制技术,分别采用滤波反投影法和idose4迭代重建算法重建,获得B组和C组图像。统计分析A、B和C 3组的图像质量主观评分、肺动脉平均CT值、图像噪声值、肺动脉的信噪比（SNR）和对比噪声比（CNR）。比较实验组和对照组的有效剂量（E）。结果 实验组、对照组的E分别为（1.2±0.2）和（1.9±0.3）mSv,实验组的ED较对照组明显降低了36.8%（t=-3.998,P<0.05）。3组图像质量主观评分均≥3,满足临床诊断要求,且差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3组SNR、CNR和噪声值组间比较,差异有统计学意义（F=10.4 11、7.630、13.021,P<0.05）;而肺动脉平均CT值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 自动管电流调制技术结合idose4迭代重建算法在低剂量CTPA检查中,在获得良好图像质量的同时,可进一步降低辐射剂量。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.