双眼直肌后徙术与单眼直肌后徙联合对侧直肌截短术之比较

目的 评价双眼直肌后徙术与单眼直肌后徙联合对侧直肌截短术,治疗共同性基本型内斜视和基本型外斜视的效果.方法 选择水平共同性斜视患者511例,斜视度数为20～50△,分成A、B两组,分别行双眼直肌后徙术、单眼一条直肌后徙+对侧直肌截短术,再根据基本型内斜、基本型外斜及斜视度数大小不同分为:A1a、A1b、A2a、A2b、B1a、B1b、B2a、B2b计8组.总结、分析术后1月及6月的视力,眼位,眼球运动状态,有无复视,双眼单视功能,结膜局部瘢痕及半整度.结果 A1a组术后6月眼球正位率显著高于B1a组(x2=5.49,P=0.0191)、A2a组亦高于B2a组(x2=9.14,P=0.0025);A1b组术后6月眼球正位率显著低于B1b组(x2=7.86,P=0.0050)、A2b组亦低于B2b组(x2=16.76,P<0.0001);A组术后6月具备Ⅰ级以上视功能患者比例明显高于B组(x2=14.81,P=0.0001).结论 无论外斜视或内斜视,对于相对低斜视度数的患者,双眼后徙术优于单眼后徙+截短术,对于相对高斜视度数患者,单眼后徙+截短术眼位一次矫正率高于双眼后徙术;双眼后徙术术后舣眼单视功能好于单眼后徙+截短术.     

不同手术方式治疗集合不足型间歇性外斜视疗效观察

目的探讨不同手术方式治疗集合不足型间歇性外斜视的疗效。方法将76例集合不足型间歇性外斜视患者,根据手术设计方式分为A、B两组,A组行双眼外直肌后徙术,B组行单眼内直肌缩短联合外直肌后徙术。术后随访,比较两组术后正位率、融合功能恢复率、立体视功能恢复率及残余性外斜视、连续性内斜视发生率。结果术后随访眼位总体正位率82.89%,A组为69.23%B组为90%,P〈0.05。术后融合功能恢复率、立体视功能恢复率、残余性外斜视和连续性内斜视发生率两组间差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论采用单眼外直肌后徙联合内直截除术治疗集合不足型间歇性外斜视,术后正位率、融合功能和立体视功能恢复均优于双眼外直肌后徙术。     

不同手术方式治疗基本型间歇性外斜视的临床研究

目的探讨不同手术方式治疗基本型间歇性外斜视的临床疗效。方法将80例基本型间歇性外斜视患者分为两组,A组行单眼外直肌退后加内直肌缩短术,B组行双眼外直肌等量退后手术,对所有患者在术前、术后进行眼位／三级视功能检查,所得结果进行比较分析。结果 A组40例患者术后眼位正位率为70%;B组40例患者术后眼位正位率90%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。B组I级、II级功能的恢复率虽高于A组,但两组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,B组III级功能的恢复率高于A组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论采用双眼外直肌等量退后手术治疗基本型间歇性外斜视优于行单眼外直肌退后加内直肌缩短术。     

不同手术方式治疗小度数基本型间歇性外斜视疗效观察

目的:比较单眼外直肌后退术与单眼小量外直肌后退联合小量内直肌缩短术治疗小度数基本型间歇性外斜视的疗效。方法:对73例小度数(斜视度-15~-30PD)基本型间歇性外斜视住院患者进行回顾性分析,所选病例分为A,B两组,A组行单眼外直肌后退术,B组行单眼小量外直肌后退联合小量内直肌缩短术。术后随访6mo,对两组的眼位,双眼单视功能(同时视、融合功能、远近立体视功能)分别进行观察和分析,比较两组术后正位率、双眼单视功能恢复率、欠矫及过矫发生率;比较年龄与双眼单视功能恢复率间的关系。结果:术后随访6mo,眼位正位率,B组明显高于A组,两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后随访6mo,双眼同时视:两组同时视功能均基本恢复,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后随访6mo,双眼融合功能,远、近立体视功能恢复率B组均明显高于A组,两组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后随访6mo,年龄与双眼单视功能恢复率间差异:4~12岁组双眼融合功能,远、近立体视功能恢复率高于13~30岁组,两年龄组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用单眼小量外直肌后退联合小量内直肌缩短术治疗小度数基本型间歇性外斜视,术后眼位正位率、双眼单视功能恢复率均优于单眼外直肌后退术;早期手术更有利于双眼单视功能恢复。     

双眼外直肌后徙与单眼一退一截两种术式治疗基本型间歇性外斜视疗效比较的Meta分析

目的：评价双眼外直肌后徙与单眼一退一截手术对基本型间歇性外斜视手术疗效。

方法：电子检索1970-01/2018-01的PubMed数据库、EMBASE、Cochrane library、Web of Science、Clinical Trial，中国生物医学文献数据库、万方医学网。纳入比较双眼外直肌后徙与单眼一退一截手术对基本型间歇性外斜视手术疗效的随机对照研究。由两名评价员独立收集数据并对所得数据及试验质量进行评价，采用STATA14版进行统计分析。

结果：共有5项试验、529例患者符合纳入标准。Meta分析结果提示：与单眼一退一截手术相比，双眼外直肌后徙术术后远期正位率(RR：0.85； 95% CI：0.72～0.99，P=0.043)、术后欠矫(RR：3.975； 95% CI：2.097～7.537， P<0.01)方面差异有统计学意义，远期术后正位率Meta分析的P值随着纳入文献增多逐渐接近0.05。而在术后过矫(RR：0.336； 95% CI：0.049～2.294， P=0.266)差异无统计学意义。

结论：双眼外直肌后徙术相比于单眼一退一截手术对基本型间歇性外斜视手术成功率略低，术后欠矫较明显。     

单眼外直肌后徙内直肌缩短术与双眼外直肌后徙术之比较

目的 对照研究单眼外直肌后徙内直肌缩短与双眼外直肌后徙两种手术方式对共同性外斜视的手术效果、术后并发症、双跟单视功能、复发率方面的差异.方法 将2003年8月～2007年4月住院的共同性外斜视197例(均为基本型),斜视度30△～60△,分两组,A组行单眼外直肌后徙内直肌缩短手术,B组行双眼外直肌后徙手术.术后同视机训练1周,随诊半年,收集临床资料.结果 1.术后一月眼位正位率A组89%,B组85%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.18);术后半年眼位正位率A组81%,B组67%,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.04);2.术后半年,眼球运动受限(外转欠2mm以上)及侧方复视发生率A组24%,24%,B组51%,39%,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.04);3.术后一月,建立Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、级视功能比例:A组63%、40%、41%,B组68%、37%、30%,差异无统计学意(P=0.12);术后半年,建立Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级视功能比例:A组51%、32%、32%,B组32%、21%、19%,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.02);4.复发(眼位回退>-10°)率:A组16%.B组34%.差异具有统计学意义(P=0.04).结论 两种手术方式对矫正共同性外斜视各有优缺点,采用单眼外直肌后徙内直肌缩短手术的远期效果要好于双眼外直肌后徙术.     

间歇性外斜视不同术式的效果比较

目的 比较间歇性外斜视(基本型)病人双眼外直肌后徙加非主导眼外直肌后徙+内直肌截腱的手术效果.方法 对116例斜视度在-25△～-50△间歇性外斜视(基本型)患者.随机分为AB两组,每组各58例(A组)行双眼外直肌后徙手术,B组行非主导眼外直肌后徙+内直肌截腱手术,并将手术效果进行比较.术后斜视度≤±10△认为效果满意.结果 A组46例(79.31%)术后效果满意,12例术后欠矫(20.69%),无过矫发生.B组52例(89.66%)术后效果满意,2例(3.45%)术后欠矫,4例(6.89%)术后过矫,1例过矫病人二次行鼻侧结膜松解术后眼位正位.结论 对于间歇性外斜视(基本型)病人,非主导眼外直肌后徙+内直肌截腱,手术效果比双眼外直肌后徙效果好,但其过矫率较高.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the surgical outcomes of bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession (BLR) and unilateral medial rectus muscle resection and lateral rectus muscle recession (R&R) procedure on the nondominant eye for the patients of basic intermittent exotropia. Methods A total of 116 patients who underwent either BLR (group A) or R&R (group B) surgery were reviewed. Surgical outcome between the 2groups were analyzed. Surgical outcome was considered successful if there was a strabismus ≤ 10 PD. Results Among the patients in group A, 46 of the 58 patients (79.31%) had a satisfactory outcome, and 12 patients (20.69%) were with undercorrection. There was no case of overcorrection in group A. In group B, 52 of the 58patients (89.66%) had a satisfactory outcome, and 2 patients (3.45%) were with undercorrection. There were 4patients (6.89%) were overcorrected in group B. One overcorrected patient in group B had satisfactory outcome after conjunctival release operation. Conclusions Surgical success was significantly higher in the R&R group than in the BLR group, but its overcorrect rate is significantly higher.     

两种不同术式治疗基本型间歇性外斜视的疗效比较

目的:探讨单眼一退一截术(unilateral recess-resection,R&R)和双眼外直肌后徙术(bilateral lateral rectus recession,BLR-rec)治疗基本型间歇性外斜视的疗效差异.方法:回顾性分析2013-01/2015-01在我院治疗的基本型间歇性外斜视患者89例,其中49例行单眼退截手术,40例行双眼外直肌后徙术.观察两组患者术后1d,1、6mo,1、2a时立体视功能及斜视度.结果:两组患者术后1d,1、6mo,1、2a手术成功率、斜视度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但手术成功率随着时间推移均不断降低.术后1d~2a,R&R组外斜漂移量为12.10±5.74PD,BLR-rec组外斜漂移量为7.78±4.21PD,差异有统计学意义(P=0.021).R&R组较BLR-rec组更易引起外斜回退.两组患者近立体视均显著提高,两组组间近立体视提高情况比较差异无统计学意义(x2=4.530,P=0.210).结论:BLR-rec术远期稳定性优于R&R术.     

间歇性外斜视手术治疗的临床分析

目的探讨间歇性外斜视的手术时机及效果。方法回顾分析1999年8月~2005年12月收治的间歇性外斜视90例的临床资料。所有患者均接受三棱镜检查、眼球运动检查、同视机常规三级功能检查、线状镜不同检查距离(6 m及33 cm)双眼视觉功能检查,以及Titmus立体图立体视觉检查。手术方法:斜视度在25△以下者行单眼外直肌后徙术,25△~75△者行双眼外直肌后徙术,75△以上者行双眼外直肌后徙术 单眼内直肌截除术。术后进行同视机训练,随访6~48月,平均24月。结果间歇性外斜视术前有融合功能者,术后正位率较高;无融合功能者正位率较低。年龄越小,立体视功能恢复率越高。术后同视机训练可提高双眼单视功能恢复率。结论间歇性外斜术前融合功能的有无对术后眼位影响较大,早期手术有利于双眼视功能的恢复。术后同视机训练对双眼单视功能的恢复有重要作用。     

继发性外斜视手术方式及术后眼位变化

目的研究内斜视术后继发外斜视的手术方式及术后眼位的变化。方法手术治疗43例内斜视术后继发外斜视的病人,探讨其手术方式并观察术后1周、6周、6个月和1年的眼位变化情况。结果单眼内直肌前徙7例,单眼内直肌缩短4例,单眼内直肌前徙＋单眼外直肌后徙20例,双眼外直肌后徙5例,单眼外直肌后徙3例;4例外斜视度数≥50△行3条肌肉的手术。术后1年35例眼位正位（81.3%）,其中单眼内直肌前徙或缩短11例术后8例（72.7%）正位,外直肌后徙8例（5例为双眼,3例为单眼）术后6例（75%）正位,单眼内直肌前徙＋单眼外直肌后徙20例术后18例（90%）正位;1周～6周斜视度数变化-5.2△±0.4△,6周～6个月变化-1.2△±0.4△,1周～1年变化-6.4△±2.1△。1周～6周有25例患者（58.1%）有外斜视漂移,变化-8.0△±1.4△,其中术中过矫组的10例继发外斜视患者,术后6周内均出现了外斜视漂移,平均为-8.3±2.0△。结论外直肌后徙联合后徙的内直肌前徙是治疗继发性外斜视的有效方式。术中5△～10△小度数过矫可提高远期的术后正位率。     

单眼外直肌后徙术治疗儿童间歇性外斜视的疗效

目的探讨单眼外直肌后徙术对中、小度数儿童间歇性外斜视的疗效。方法回顾性系列病例研究。2009年4月至2010年3月期间行单眼外直肌后徙术治疗、斜视度为15^△-35^△的间歇性外斜视儿童69例。采用三棱镜加交替遮盖法测定患儿注视6m和33cm的斜视度,根据看远斜视度定量行7-10mm单眼外直肌后徙术。随访时间≥6个月。手术前后采用Worth四点灯检查中心和周边融合,采用Titmus立体视图测定立体视锐度。疗效评价标准以眼位-8^△-0^△为正位;第一眼位与侧向注视的斜视度相差≥10^△为非共同性阳性。采用X^2检验对数据进行分析。结果术后1-3d和≥6个月随访正位率分别为81％和62％,欠矫率分别为12％和36％。斜视度为30^△、35^△（外直肌后徙9．5-10mm）者欠矫率较高。术前与术后远期随访比较,具有正常中心融合和周边融合者比例的差异有统计学意义（X^2=21．9,P〈0．01;X^2=14．0,P〈0．01）,术后明显高于术前;具有正常立体视功能者比例的差异有统计学意义（X^2=15．0,P〈0．01）,术后明显高于术前。术后远期随访未见眼位非共同性阳性者。结论单眼外直肌后徙术治疗斜视度为15^△-25^△的儿童间歇性外斜视安全、有效。     

大角度外斜视两种手术矫正方法的对比分析

目的 将大角度外斜视外直肌超常量后退术和外直肌边缘楔形切开术进行比较,观察手术效果.方法 两组共37例,手术前后均用角膜映光法和三棱镜遮盖法测定斜视度.A组(18例)行外自肌超常量后退联合内直肌截短术,B组(19例)行外直肌边缘楔形切开联合内直肌截短术.并能两组进行统计学分析.结果 两组术前斜视度无统计学显著差异(P＞0.05),术后1～6个月复诊眼位的比较:A组16例≤±10△,正位率88.89%,B组17例≤±10△,正位率89.47%,两组正位率比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.03 P＞0.05).结论 外直肌超常量后退和外直肌楔形切开术均可以有效地矫正大角度外斜视.

Abstract：

Objective To compare lateral rectus marginal myotomy with wedge excision combined with resection of medial rectus with over-routine-quantity recession of lateral rectus and resection of medial rectus in treatment of large angle exotropia and observe the clinical effect.Methods Thirty-seven cases of large angle exotropia were divided into 2 groups.Group A(18 cases)underwent over-routine-quantity recession of lateral rectus and resection of medial rectus,Group B(19 cases)underwent lateral rectus marginal myotomy with edge excision and resection of medial rectus.All patients were measured the deviation before and after operation by using Hirschberg test and prism cover test.The surgery was performed according to the amount of distance deviation.All the surgeries were performed by the same ophthalmologist.A successful alignment was defined as ± 10△ or less in primary gaze while viewing distant and near targets.Results Before operation,the difference of strabismus angle between the two groups was no statistically significant(P ＞0.05),the cosmetic success rate(±10△)was (88.89%)in group A and(89.47%)in group B.The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(x2=0.03,P＞0.05).Conclusions There is no significant difference between over-routine-quantity recession of lateral rectus combined with resection of medial rectus and lateral rectus marginal myotomy with edge excision combined with resection of medial rectus for large angle exotropia.     

儿童基本型间歇性外斜视不同手术方式的疗效比较

目的　比较双眼外直肌后徙术与单眼一退一截术治疗儿童基本型间歇性外斜视的疗效。方法　研究对象为２０１１年８月至２０１４年１０月在南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院眼科被确诊为基本型间歇性外斜视并行手术治疗的患儿９３例１３７眼,行双眼外直肌后徙术（ｂｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｌａｔｅｒａｌｒｅｃｔｕｓｒｅｃｅｓｓｉｏｎ,ＢＬＲ-ｒｅｃ）４４例８８眼,行单眼一退一截术（ｕｎｉｌａｔｅｒａｌｒｅｃｅｓｓ-ｒｅｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ,Ｒ＆Ｒ）术４９例４９眼。采用三棱镜加交替遮盖法测量患儿经１ｈ诊断性遮盖前后注视６ｍ及３３ｃｍ调节性视标第一眼位的斜视度。检查患儿近立体视锐度。依据诊断性遮盖后测量的最大看远斜视度及双眼注视偏爱,行ＢＬＲ-ｒｅｃ或Ｒ＆Ｒ,所有手术均由同一医师完成。术后１ｄ、１个月、６个月检查患儿的斜视度和近立体视功能。结果　术后１～３ｄ及术后１个月,Ｒ＆Ｒ组的整体疗效均优于ＢＬＲ-ｒｅｃ组（χ２＝６．３２４,Ｐ＝０．０４２;χ２ ＝６．７４７,Ｐ＝０．０３４）。ＢＬＲ-ｒｅｃ组欠矫率在术后１～３ｄ及术后１个月均高于Ｒ＆Ｒ组（χ２＝５．９５９,Ｐ＝０．０１５;χ２＝６．４６１,Ｐ＝０．０１１）,正位率及过矫率的差异无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）;术后远期两组疗效差异无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。术后两组看远及看近斜视度的差异在各时间点均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。术后两组获得正常近立体视功能的患儿比例比较,差异无统计学意义（χ２＝０．０７５,Ｐ＝０．７８４）。结论　治疗儿童基本型间歇性外斜视应首选Ｒ＆Ｒ。     

Surgical outcomes of symmetric and asymmetric surgery for intermittent exotropia with postoperative large early overcorrection

Purpose

To compare surgical outcomes between bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) and unilateral lateral rectus recession-medial rectus resection (RR) for intermittent exotropia with overcorrection of 20 prism diopter (PD) or more on postoperative day 1.

Methods

A retrospective chart review identified 319 patients who underwent either BLR or RR for primary surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia between July 2008 and June 2011. The patients with basic type intermittent exotropia and overcorrection of 20 PD or more, at either near or distance, on postoperative day 1 and had more than 6 months of follow-up were included. Patients with simultaneous vertical and/or oblique muscle surgery and those with paralytic or restrictive strabismus were excluded. The pre- and post-operative deviation, visual acuity, and near stereoacuity were analyzed.

Results

Twenty-four patients were included. The mean postoperative day 1 alignment was 21.5 ± 6.2 PD esotropia at distance, and 13.8 ± 8.0 PD at near. Fourteen patients underwent BLR and 10 underwent RR. Three patients were wearing the base out prism below 15 PD at the last follow-up. The mean duration from the surgery to esotropia below 10 PD was 2.9 ± 1.1 weeks and 8.0 ± 7.1 weeks in the BLR and RR groups, respectively (p = 0.030). All three recurrent patients underwent RR. None of the patients completely lost stereoacuity, postoperatively.

Conclusions

In basic type intermittent exotropia with overcorrection of 20 PD or more on postoperative day 1, the overcorrection resolved faster and recurrence rates were lower in BLR group than in the RR group. Consecutive esotropia over 15 PD did not occur in both groups.     

外直肌超长量后徙术治疗大角度外斜视的疗效评价

背景 临床上矫正超过50Δ的大角度外斜视时往往需对3条或4条水平直肌进行手术,以避免因外直肌超长量后徙(＞7 mm)引起的眼球外转受限.但研究表明,超长量外直肌后徙可有效矫正大角度外斜视,且术后并不出现眼球明显外转受限.这个结果仍有待临床上进行验证. 目的 观察双眼外直肌超长量后徙或合并非主导眼内直肌缩短对大角度外斜视的矫正效果. 方法 采用系列病例观察法对2013年5月至2014年10月在天津市眼科医院行双眼外直肌超常量后徙术或合并非主导眼内直肌缩短术的间歇性或恒定性大角度外斜视患者51例的治疗效果进行分析,其中29例为间歇性外斜视,22例为恒定性外斜视.所有患者均接受术前及术后眼前节、眼底、眼球运动和双眼视功能检查,采用三棱镜加遮盖法测量斜视角大小.依据病史、眼球运动、知觉状态和斜视角度数对患者行个体化手术治疗,术中结合可调整缝线技术,行双眼外直肌超长量后徙术或合并非主导眼内直肌缩短术.术后随访时间均超过6个月,比较术眼术前和术后眼位变化、眼球运动情况以及双眼知觉功能.结果 行双眼外直肌超长量后徙术者33例,双眼外直肌超长量后徙术合并非主导眼内直肌缩短术者18例.术前患者视远(5 m)斜视度为-52Δ～-120Δ,平均(-70.57±16.46)Δ;视近(33 cm)斜视度为-55Δ～-130Δ,平均(-75.65±16.14)Δ.左眼外直肌后徙8～15 mm,平均(11.17±1.67)mm,右眼外直肌后徙9～15 mm,平均(11.28±1.62) rnm,非主导眼内直肌缩短3～6 mm.末次随访时患者视远斜视度为+4Δ ～-14Δ,平均(-3.45±4.20)Δ;视近斜视度为+4Δ～-14Δ,平均(-5.49±3.96)Δ,其中41例术后眼球正位,占80.4％,10例欠矫,未发现过矫者.32例患者术后立体视较术前改善,其中术前无立体视的27例中18例术后获得不同程度的立体视.无一例患者出现眼球运动障碍.结论 双眼外直肌超长量后徙术或合并非主导眼内直肌缩短术可有效治疗大角度外斜视,可减少需要手术的眼外肌数目,术后未发现眼球运动障碍.     

对小度数集合不足型间歇性外斜视手术疗效分析

目的 探讨单纯单眼内直肌截除术和2.5～3.0mm单眼外直肌后徙+单眼内直肌截除术对视近时斜视度在15△～25△之间的小度数集合不足型间歇性外斜视的手术疗效.方法 对10例患者行2.5～3.0mm单眼外直肌后徙+单眼内直肌截除术(A组),15例患者行单纯单眼内直肌截除术(B组),术后分别比较两组患者视远和视近的斜视度以及视远和视近的斜视度的差值,并比较两组患者术后的正位率、恢复双眼视例数和恢复近立体视例数.术后随访6至12个月.结果 两组术前和术后视远和视近的斜视度以及视远和视近的斜视度的差值比较经t检验差异均有统计学意义(t=1.73～9.73,P＜0.05),A、B两组术后正位率、术后恢复双眼视的例数和恢复立体视例数经x2检验差异具有统计学意义(x2=3.84～5.11,P＜0.05).结论 (1)2.5～3.0mm单眼外直肌后徙+内直肌截除术和单纯单眼内直肌截除术治疗视近时斜视度15△～25△的小度数集合不足型间歇性外斜视均有效.(2)在缩小视近和视远斜视度的差值、术后正位率、恢复双眼视和立体视功能方面,2.5～3.0mm单眼外直肌后徙+内直肌截除术优于单纯单眼内直肌截除术.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the surgical results of unilateral medial rectus muscle resection and 2.5mm-3.0mm unilateral lateral muscle recession with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection for the intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type with small-diopter exodeviation of 15 △ to 25 △ at near.Methods Ten cases received 2.5mm-3.0mm unilateral lateral muscle resection with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection (group A),15 cases received unilateral medial rectus muscle resection (group B).The distance and near deviations and differences in the deviations were compared separately for the two groups;besides,the positioning rates,number of patients with restoration of binocular and stereoscopic visions were compared in the two groups after surgery.They were followed-up for 6 to 12 months after surgery.Results There was statistically significant difference (t =1.73-9.73,P ＜0.05) in the angle at near and distance,the angle near-distance difference.There also was statistically significant difference (x2=3.84-5.11,P ＜0.05) in the orthophoria rate,biocular vision recovery,stereopsis recovery after operation were compared between group A and B.Conclusions Both of the unilateral medial rectus muscle resection and 2.5mm-3.0mm unilateral lateral muscle recession with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection are an effect surgical treatment for the intermittent exotropia of the convergence insufficiency type with small-diopter exodeviation of 15△ to 25△ at near.2.5mm-3.0mm unilateral lateral muscle recession with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection is superior to unilateral medial rectus muscle resection in reducing the angle difference of near-diatance,orthophoria rate,biocular vision recovery,stereopsis recovery.     

The effect of unilateral medial rectus muscle resection in patients with recurrent exotropia

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of unilateral medial rectus muscle resection for recurrent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession for intermittent exotropia METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of thirtypatients who underwent unilateral medial rectus resection for recurrent exotropia. All had prior bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia. Data were collected for age, the preoperative deviation, the postoperative deviation at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and the last visit, and the amount of medial rectus resection performed. RESULTS: The average preoperative deviation was 27.0+/-3.6 PD. After unilateral medial rectus resection, average deviation at distance was 2.8 PD at postoperative 2 weeks, 4.5 PD at 3 months, 5.1 PD at 6 months and 5.8 PD at last visit. The average deviation corrected per millimeter of medial rectus resection was 3.53+/-0.17 PD/mm. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that deviation angles of recurrent exotropia is smaller than those of primary surgery and the possibility of saving the other medial rectus muscle, unilateral rectus muscle resection could be effective surgical method for recurrent exotropia.     

Botulinum toxin augmented bilateral lateral rectus recession versus three muscles surgery in large-angle intermittent exotropia

AIM: To report the surgical outcomes of correcting large angle intermittent exotropia in adult patients by bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession with intraoperative use of botulinum toxin and to compare the results with those of bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and unilateral medial rectus resection. METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent surgical correction of large angle intermittent exotropia [exotropia >50 prism dioptre (PD)] were retrospectively reviewed. Two groups of patients were identified; Group I (21 patients) had bilateral lateral recti recession augmented with intraoperative botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection into the recessed muscles and group II (30 patients) were treated by bilateral lateral recti recession with unilateral medial rectus muscle resection. Preoperative data were extracted for age, gender, refraction, type of exotropia, angle of stereopsis and angle of deviation. The main outcome measures were the postoperative angle of deviation and stereoacuity angle by Titmus test measured at the end of one year of postoperative follow up. RESULTS: By the end of the first postoperative year, 10 patients in group I (47.6%) and 20 patients in group II (66.7%) achieved esotropia/esophoria <5 PD or exotropia/exophoria <10 PD. The difference in surgical success rate was not statistically significant (P=0.1) but there was a statistically significant higher rate of undercorrection in group I (P=0.03). On the other hand, 3 patients in group I (14.3%) and 5 patients in group II (16.7%) had improved stereopsis; this difference in the sensory outcome was not statistically significant (P=0.8). In the BTA augmented surgery group, good stereoacuity and smaller preoperative angle of deviation were associated with significantly higher surgical success rate (P=0.004, 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION: BTA augmented bilateral lateral recti recession is associated with higher rate of undercorrection as compared to bilateral lateral recti recession with unilateral medial rectus resection in the correction of large angle intermittent exotropia. The surgical success rate in BTA augmented surgery group is observed to be higher in patients with preoperative smaller angle of deviation and in patients with good stereoacuity.