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1.
The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) is a brief global instrument used to assess cognitive abilities, and has been translated into the K-MMSE. The clinical value of the K-MMSE is restricted by the small amount of normative data available, especially for the elderly population. We investigated the population-based data of K-MMSE scores to obtain the norms specific for the sociodemographic characteristics of elderly Koreans. The K-MMSE was applied to a cognitively normal sample of 977 subjects aged 60-84 years in Ansan, South Korea. We determined whether the sociodemographic characteristics were related to the K-MMSE scores and calculated the norms. The K-MMSE score was significantly associated with age, gender, and level of education, and this result was used to develop normative data with age, gender, and educational strata. The normative data based on age, gender, and level of education presented here are suitable for clinical use.  相似文献   

2.
The purpose of this inquiry was to test a path model that explains how sociodemographic background characteristics, functional health state, social network structure, and extent of activity affect well-being among elderly Arab Israelis, a population in transition from an agrarian to a modern culture. Using data from a national survey, the study revealed that respondents’ morale was negatively associated with functional disability and positively associated with social network and activity level. Disability was predicted by lower income and education, older age, and female gender. Activity level was predicted by low disability, male gender, education, and social network. The study results provide support for the contention that the path to successful aging is universal. However, the results also suggest that within the general path to a good old age one can find culturally unique characteristics. In the case of older Arab Israelis, these included belonging to community- and family-oriented network structures and engaging in socially oriented activity.  相似文献   

3.
Relatively few studies have examined the psychological predictors of cognitive functions in the elderly. We aimed to investigate the relationship between MAI and cognition in the non-cognitively impaired (NCI) elderly. Data obtained from 1345 Korean subjects aged 60+ years were analyzed. MAI was defined as the discrepancy between subjective memory age and chronological age. We conducted the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to demonstrate the relationship between MAI and Korean version-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). There were significant differences in the estimated means of K-MMSE score among the 4 quartile groups of MAI (Q1-Q2>Q3>Q4, F=13.12, p<0.0001). These results suggested that MAI may be associated with cognitive function in the NCI elderly.  相似文献   

4.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of physical, mental, social activity, and health concern on cognition in the elderly by means of the health concern and activity (HCA) model. Data were obtained from 3157 subjects aged 60 years and above. The subjects were divided into four groups according to the HCA model. Cognitive function was assessed by the Korean version of the mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE). A cross-sectional, factorial design was used in which the K-MMSE score was the dependent variable, with physical, mental, and social activity as one factor and health concern as the other. Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences in the K-MMSE score between all four groups after adjusting for age, sex, education, current smoking, and alcohol consumption for all subjects. The results suggest that having health concerns as well as physical, mental, or social activity is associated with cognitive function in the elderly.  相似文献   

5.
This study determines the optimal cut-off scores for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to detect HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in a multi-ethnic Malaysian HIV-positive cohort by developing demographically corrected normative standards among 283 HIV-negative community-based controls with overlapping demographic characteristics. The norms (corrected for age, sex, education, ethnicity) were applied to 342 HIV-positive virally suppressed individuals on cART. Impairment rates were classified using the Global Deficit Score (GDS?≥?.5) method. The MoCA was also scored according to the recommended cut-off of?≤?26, and functional decline was applied to both impairment definitions to classify HAND per the Frascati criteria. The?≤?26 cut-off considerably overestimated cognitive impairment in both samples (59.4% HIV-negative; 69.3% HIV-positive). In contrast, corrected scores yielded impairment rates consistent with what has been reported internationally in virally suppressed cohorts (23.4% with 83.3% mild impairment, 16.7% moderate impairment). A supplemental file allowing the computation of corrected MoCA scores and impairment status is included.  相似文献   

6.
As with younger individuals, neuropsychological evaluation of the older patient with suspected cognitive decline should be reasonably comprehensive. Only through careful analysis of the overall pattern as well as level of performance across various measures can both the likelihood and nature of cerebral dysfunction be ascertained. A neuropsychological battery such as an expanded HRB appears to be well suited for the comprehensive evaluation of the older individual who may be mildly to moderately impaired, whereas briefer test batteries may be sufficient and more practical in some cases. The HRB is widely used in clinical and research settings, yet only a few published studies have provided reference data with respect to large groups of adults over the age of 60. Preliminary data suggest that the HRB has adequate reliability and validity in older as well as younger age groups. However, information regarding the level and pattern of performance of normal individuals over the age of 75 is lacking for the HRB as well as for virtually all other popular neuropsychological measures. Studies consistently have shown that many of the component HRB measures are quite sensitive to the effects of age (as well as education), and therefore, traditional normative cutoff scores produce an unacceptably high rate of false positive diagnostic predictions in older populations. Until more appropriate older age norms are available, great caution must be used in the interpretation of results.  相似文献   

7.
Depression in the elderly and especially in the demented elderly is common, but it is unclear to what extent depression affects the prognosis of dementia. We performed a 6 months follow-up on the elderly to evaluate the effect of depression on the prognosis of dementia. Among the residents in a Korean geriatric institution, a total of 141 elderly residents were included in this study. Those residents who had geriatric depression scale (GDS) scores over 20 were considered as having depression. The subjects were assessed at baseline and at 6 months later with the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Barthel index (BI). For all the 141 subjects, the changes of the K-MMSE, CDR and BI scores were first compared between the depressed and non-depressed groups. Then, for the 58 depressed subjects subdivided into three groups (36 subjects in the non-demented group, 14 subjects in the Alzheimer disease (AD) group and 8 subjects in the vascular dementia (VaD) group), the changes of the scores among the three groups were compared. For all subjects, the changes of the K-MMSE and CDR scores were more severe in the depressed group than in the non-depressed group. For the 58 depressed subjects, the changes were significantly different among the three groups (p=0.02 for the K-MMSE, p<0.001 for the CDR), and the changes were the most severe in the VaD group. For the elderly, depression has a significant influence on the cognitive deterioration. Moreover, the effect of depression on the cognitive dysfunction and on the prognosis of dementia is more severe in the demented elderly, and especially for the VaD patients.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of this study was to provide population frequency distribution data for non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol) concentrations and to evaluate whether differences exist by gender, ethnicity, or level of education. Serum levels of non-HDL cholesterol and sociodemographic characteristics were determined for 3,618 black, 3,528 Mexican-American, and 6,043 white women and men, aged >/=25 years, from a national cross-sectional survey of the US population (National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994). Age-adjusted non-HDL cholesterol concentrations were lower in women than men (154.1 vs 160.4 mg/dL, p <0.001). In women and men, age was positively associated with non-HDL cholesterol in the 25 to 64-year age range, and the slope of the association was steeper for women. For women and men >/=65 years, age was negatively associated with non-HDL cholesterol, and the slope of the association was steeper for men. Black women and men had lower non-HDL cholesterol levels than either Mexican-American or white women and men (women, p <0.02; men, p <0.001, for both ethnic contrasts). Women with less education had higher levels of non-HDL cholesterol than women with more education (p <0.01). These nationally representative population frequency distribution data provide non-HDL cholesterol reference levels for clinicians and investigators and indicate that there are significant variations in non-HDL cholesterol by gender, age, ethnicity, and level of education.  相似文献   

9.
A previous publication presented normative data on neuropsychological tests stratified by age, gender, and education based on the Original Cohort of the Framingham Heart Study. Many contemporary investigations include subject samples with higher levels of education, a factor known to affect cognitive performance. Secular change in education prompted the reexamination of norms in the children of the Original Cohort. The study population consisted of 853 men and 988 women from the Offspring Study, free of clinical neurological disease, who underwent a neuropsychological examination, which included tests given to their parents in 1974 to 1976 as well as additional newer tests to provide a more comprehensive battery. The Offspring population overall was more evenly distributed by gender and better educated. Their performance on cognitive tests was superior to that of the Original Cohort. Multivariable analyses revealed that more years of education explained only a part of the cohort differences. These findings suggest that continued surveillance of each generation is necessary to document the impact that unique social and economic variables have on cognitive function. Here, the authors provide updated normative data.  相似文献   

10.
The primary objective of this study was to provide contemporary normative data on aging and cognition from an ongoing community-based study. This dementia and stroke-free sample (age range = 20-79; mean = 53) consisted of 623 women and 322 men participating in the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study at waves 4 to 6 (1993 to 2003). We employed a battery of 22 widely utilized cognitive tests. A 5 (age) x 3 (education) x 2 (gender) analysis of variance indicated that, in general, higher educated and younger participants exhibited better performance on cognitive tests. We found education group to be the strongest, and gender to be the weakest, predictor of cognitive performance. However, education cohort was not significantly associated with every cognitive outcome, nor was age cohort membership. The addition of cardiovascular disease health variables to a model including age, education, and gender groupings provided statistically significant, but modest, increases in prediction of performance on some tests. Results are discussed in relation to findings for previous studies presenting normative data on cognitive ability as a function of age, education, and gender.  相似文献   

11.
Interpretation of neuropsychological tests may be hampered by confounding sociodemographic factors and by using inappropriate normative data. We investigated these factors in three tests endorsed by the World Health Organization: the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT), the Children’s Color Trails Test (CCTT), and the WHO/UCLA version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). In a sample of 12-15-year-old, Afrikaans- and English-speaking adolescents from the Cape Town region of South Africa, analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) demonstrated that quality of education was the sociodemographic factor with the biggest influence on test performance, and that age also significantly influenced GPT and CCTT performance. Based on those findings, we provide appropriately stratified normative data for the age group in question. Comparisons between diagnostic interpretations made using foreign normative data versus those using the current local data demonstrate that it is imperative to use appropriately stratified normative data to guard against misinterpreting performance.  相似文献   

12.
The primary objective of this study was to provide contemporary normative data on aging and cognition from an ongoing community-based study. This dementia and stroke-free sample (age range = 20–79; mean = 53) consisted of 623 women and 322 men participating in the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study at waves 4 to 6 (1993 to 2003). We employed a battery of 22 widely utilized cognitive tests. A 5 (age) × 3 (education) × 2 (gender) analysis of variance indicated that, in general, higher educated and younger participants exhibited better performance on cognitive tests. We found education group to be the strongest, and gender to be the weakest, predictor of cognitive performance. However, education cohort was not significantly associated with every cognitive outcome, nor was age cohort membership. The addition of cardiovascular disease health variables to a model including age, education, and gender groupings provided statistically significant, but modest, increases in prediction of performance on some tests. Results are discussed in relation to findings for previous studies presenting normative data on cognitive ability as a function of age, education, and gender.  相似文献   

13.
14.
The aim of the study was to evaluate aging and elderly age quality in elderly individuals and persons entering the elderly age participating U3A continuous education courses. The research included 255 students of the U3A located in Bydgoszcz, Poland. The research included 235 women and 20 men of mean age 64.43 years. The dominant group was persons with secondary education (65.9%), and higher education (28.2%) as well as married (54.5%). All of the subjects included in the study were fully mobile. The study was conducted based on authors' original questionnaire which consisted of 24 questions and a basic personal data form surveying age, gender, marital status, level of education as well as self-reported illnesses and health problems. The research assumed the majority of positive responses as the sign of happy aging and experiencing one's own old age. Positive correlation was observed between the statement that human beings influence quality and shape of their lives, and therefore they are responsible for their own life. The higher the level of fulfilling aims in life the more frequently elderly age was perceived as a happy period. In the research data there was a relationship observed between levels of education and discrimination, i.e., the higher level of education the fewer cases of discrimination experienced: χ(2)=12.992 (df=2; p<0.01). Moreover, a very weak correlation was observed between marital status and a sense or absence of sense of emptiness in life ρ=0.128; p<0.05. The most appreciated values in life, according to the subjects were health, happiness in family and mental efficiency. The biggest worries concerned serious diseases and being dependent on other people. Most often indicated ways to lead happy elderly life were being active and open to people as well as showing optimistic attitude. The research, which was conducted on a relatively large group of people (n=255), proves positive aging direction among the elderly and persons entering late adulthood period who attend continuous education courses at U3A.  相似文献   

15.
The Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) is a validated measure of the symptomatic severity of oral–pharyngeal dysphagia. Up until now no normative ranges have been established for the questionnaire. This is a limitation in its utility as it makes it difficult to use the tool to identify the prevalence and burden of oral–pharyngeal dysphagia in the general population or within patient populations. The study’s aim was to derive the normative range of dysphagia scores for the SSQ and to determine whether, in nondysphagic individuals, there are any age or gender effects on these scores. The questionnaire was administered to 73 eligible nondysphagic individuals who had been screened for any dysphagia or conditions that might predispose them to dysphagia. The frequency distribution of SSQ scores was first examined for normality and appropriate transformations performed before determining the upper limit of normal. Of the 73 healthy participants, 45 were male, and the cohort had a mean age of 58.6 years (range = 22.0–82.1 years). No statistically significant relationship between SSQ scores and either age (r s[73] = 0.140, p = 0.239) or gender (r pb[73] = 0.021, p = 0.857) was found. The mean total SSQ score (maximum possible score = 1,700) was 59.0 (SD = 56.7; range = 2–241). The frequency distribution of scores was non-normal and markedly skewed. After a Box–Cox transformation to normalise the distribution, the calculated upper limit of the reference interval was 234 with a 90 % CI of [193, 277]. The SSQ scores in a nondysphagic population are not influenced by age or gender. These data complement the existing reliability and validation data and thereby improve the overall utility of the SSQ in the context of future studies of oral–pharyngeal dysphagia prevalence, efficacy, and outcome.  相似文献   

16.
目的通过了解丽水地区中老年居民的吸烟行为和相应的人群特点,为开展控烟工作提供理论证据。 方法选定丽水地区3个街道(乡镇)中年龄50~80岁的常住户籍人口,按照10%的比例进行整群抽样调查。调查问卷包含基线资料、吸烟(包括主动吸烟和被动吸烟)情况、吸烟健康知识等内容。汇总吸烟人群的调查资料,分析吸烟人群的分布特征。多组间计量资料的比较采用方差分析,计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。 结果共发放问卷5 627份,回收完整有效问卷3 090份。现在吸烟者共631名,现在非吸烟者共2 459名,标化后的吸烟率为21.6%,男性吸烟率为43.4%,女性吸烟率为0.12%。男性调查者中的现在吸烟人群主要表现为不同年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地的分布差异(χ2=37.984、25.445、7.249、25.593,P<0.05)。被动吸烟者789名(其中男性208例,女性551例),主要表现为不同年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地的人群分布差异(χ2=54.922、151.962、15.039、19.365、16.316,P<0.05)。健康知识得分总体表现出不同年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地的人群分布差异(F=8.352、24.905、4.598、82.934,P<0.05)。 结论本地区吸烟人群具有明显的分布特征,男性吸烟率和女性被动吸烟率高,应针对吸烟的人群分布特点精准实施控烟宣传推广工作。  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional risk and cognitive impairment in the elderly living in the community. Data obtained from 2934 subjects (912 men and 2022 women) aged above 60 years was analyzed from the Gwangju Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Study (GDEMCIS). The study questionnaire comprised demographic characteristics, history of current and past illnesses, drug history, Korean version-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and Nutritional Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist. Additionally, we examined the blood pressure, fasting serum glucose level, lipid profile, body mass index, and ApoE genotype. Of the total, 1942 (66.2%) demonstrated good nutritional state (NSI checklist score< or =2) and 992 (33.8%) were at moderate or high nutritional risk (NSI checklist score>2). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that moderate or high nutritional risk subjects were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (K-MMSE score< or =17) after adjustment for age, sex, educational level, and Korean version of Short form Geriatric Depression Scale (K-SGDS) score (Odds ratio=OR=1.71, 95%; confidence interval=CI=1.17-2.50). These results suggest that nutritional risk may be associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly.  相似文献   

18.
Elderly patients represent a significant part of all the patients in various hospital wards. They also suffer from many diseases. Maintenance of their everyday independence, treatment, rehabilitation and improvement of their HRQOL is the main goal of geriatric care in the world, and also in Poland. Performing a comprehensive geriatric assessment for each elderly patient to identify their needs and problems is a standard procedure. The goal of this research was a functional assessment of the influence of social and clinical factors on HRQOL in elderly people. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of social and clinical factors on the functional state and HRQOL in elderly people. The study group was recruited among hospitalized patients in the Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, 64 women and 60 men, for a total of 124 people. The mean age of the study group was 72.1 years. The research was carried out using a diagnostic poll method with the application of FACIT-F questionnaire. The results of FACIT-F for the study group were running at an average level and were dependent on age, marital status, education level and duration of the illness. Correlations were found between the FACIT-F results and the following expectations of the patients: treatment, rehabilitation and information given about treatment, alleviating pain, referral to social care, organizing home care. Results of FACIT-F were dependent on activities of daily living (ADL) scores in the study group.  相似文献   

19.
Ratings of imagery value for 100 words were obtained from young and elderly adults. The ratings of elderly adults correlated highly with the ratings of young adults for both the present group and the normative group employed by Paivio, Yuille, and Madigan [4], indicating the generalizability of young adult norms to the population of elderly adults. In addition, the ratings of elderly adults were unrelated to variation in age, educational level, or vocabulary score.  相似文献   

20.
目的 系统评价我国老年人认知障碍患病率的现况.方法 使用计算机检索中英文数据库,筛选符合纳入条件的流行病学研究,提取资料并做偏倚风险评估.采用Stata 15.0软件进行系统评价.结果 共纳入32项原始研究,我国老年人认知障碍总体患病率为8.2%,男性的低于女性(7.9% vs 9.6%).患病率随年龄增长而升高,随文...  相似文献   

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