睾丸网腺癌1例报告并文献复习

目的：认识睾丸网腺癌的发病和临床特点，提高早期诊断和治疗水平。方法：分析1例睾丸网腺癌患者的临床资料，并结合文献复习就睾丸网腺癌的早期诊断和治疗进行讨论。结果：术前诊断为左侧附睾丸睾丸炎，并继发性睾丸鞘膜积液，拟行左附睾切除加鞘膜翻转术，术中发现左睾丸质硬并有肿物，遂行睾丸、附睾切除术，术后病理检查诊断为睾丸网腺癌侵及睾丸和附睾。结论：睾丸网腺癌临床表现独特，其基本治疗是根治性睾丸切除术辅以根治性腹膜后淋巴结清扫术，放疗和化疗效果欠佳。     

睾丸网腺癌(1例报告并文献复习)

目的了解睾丸网腺癌的发病和临床特点，提高其早期诊断和治疗水平。方法分析1例睾丸网腺癌患者的临床资料，并结合文献对睾丸网腺癌的临床病理特点、早期诊断和治疗进行讨论。结果术前诊断为左睾丸鞘膜积液、左睾丸肿瘤待排，遂行左高位睾丸切除术，术后病理检查诊断为睾丸网腺癌。免疫组化：AFP（-），PLAP（-），CK（＋），CD30（-），CK20（＋）。术后CT示肝内多发转移瘤、左肾和左肾上腺转移改变。结论睾丸网腺癌是原发于睾丸网纵膈的恶性肿瘤，极为罕见，其临床表现独特，基本治疗是根治性睾丸切除术辅以根治性腹膜后淋巴结清扫术，放疗和化疗效果欠佳。该病预后差，文献报道5年生存率仅为13％。     

原发性附睾肿瘤的诊断与治疗(附35例报告)

目的:探讨原发性附睾肿瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析本院35例原发性附睾肿瘤患者的临床资料。行肿瘤切除术10例,患侧附睾切除23例,患侧睾丸附睾切除加腹股沟淋巴结清扫1例,患侧根治性睾丸切除加二期腹膜后淋巴结清扫术1例。附睾恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例术后辅以放疗及化疗。结果:术后病理诊断良性肿瘤33例,其中腺瘤样瘤21例,平滑肌瘤7例,纤维瘤4例,乳头状囊腺瘤1例;恶性肿瘤2例,附睾恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例,附睾腺癌1例。35例术后随访10个月至6年,未见复发、转移及死亡病例。结论:原发性附睾肿瘤术前明确诊断困难,对于高度怀疑附睾肿瘤的患者应首选手术探查,良性者可行肿瘤或附睾切除,恶性者行根治性睾丸切除加腹膜后淋巴结清扫术。     

睾丸鞘膜恶性间皮瘤1例报告

目的 探讨睾丸鞘膜恶性间皮瘤的临床特征及诊治方法.方法 报告1例睾丸鞘膜恶性间皮瘤患者的临床资料.男性,73岁,临床表现右侧阴囊进行性增大1年,B超睾丸周围可见约7.5 cm×4.1 cm液性暗区.检索Pubmed和CBM数据库相关文献进行学习.结果 患者行右侧睾丸鞘膜切除术,术后病理:睾丸鞘膜间皮细胞增生,伴非典型性增生,局灶恶变,免疫组化:CK5/6(+),Calretinin(+),E-cadlherin(+).3周后行右睾丸切除,术后11个月患者出现右侧阴囊肿物及腹股沟淋巴结肿大,行右侧阴囊肿物切除及腹股沟淋巴结切除,术后病理:脂肪结缔组织及纤维组织中恶性间皮瘤浸润,免疫组化:CK5/6(+),Calretinin灶状(+).结论 睾丸鞘膜恶性间皮瘤临床罕见,生物学行为进展快,临床症状不典型,缺少特异性肿瘤标记物,术前诊断较难,诊断主要依据病理,治疗以根治性手术为主,术后需长期严密随访,患者预后差.     

附睾及睾丸鞘膜血管平滑肌瘤（附1例报告及文献复习）

目的 提高对附睾及睾丸鞘膜血管平滑肌瘤的认知水平。方法 回顾性复习了1例临床罕见的附睾及睾丸鞘膜血管平滑肌瘤的诊治资料。结果 手术切除肿瘤，术后病理证实为血管平滑肌瘤。随访至今，无复发。结论 附睾及睾丸鞘膜血管平滑肌瘤的术前诊断较困难，确诊需经病理学检查，手术切除是最佳的治疗方法。     

睾丸鞘膜纤维性假瘤（附5例报告）

目的：提高对睾丸鞘膜纤维性假瘤的认识及诊疗水平.方法：回顾性分析1994年3月～2009年6月收治的5例睾丸鞘膜纤维性假瘤的临床资料;5例患者均以发现阴囊内肿块而入院,体检发现睾丸和附睾旁数个大小不一的类圆形结节,结节质韧,无压痛,活动度好,无粘连;B超发现结节为实性低回声光团、无明显血流信号;5例均行手术治疗.结果：1例行睾丸、附睾及多发性结节切除术,4例行保留睾丸、附睾的多发性结节和睾丸鞘膜切除术,1例术中快速冷冻切片为炎性假瘤,术后病理结果均为睾丸鞘膜多发性纤维性假瘤,随访1～5年无复发.结论：睾丸鞘膜纤维性假瘤是一种少见的阴囊部位良性肿瘤样病变,提高认识后诊断不难,治疗上行保留睾丸、附睾的多发性结节和睾丸鞘膜切除术即可,无需行睾丸附睾切除术.     

附睾纤维性假瘤

附睾纤维性假瘤并非真性肿瘤,临床上易误诊为恶性肿瘤而施行不必要的睾丸切除术。现将我院误诊2例报告如下。例1 男,44岁。因自觉左侧睾丸进行性增大,并伴疼痛四月余而入院。无发冷发烧,否认有外伤史。体检:左侧睾丸明显增大,为6×4×3cm,伴沉重感,于附睾体部可触及肿块,质硬。疑睾丸恶性肿瘤,行左侧睾丸切除术。术中见左侧附睾体部有2×1×1cm新生物,质硬,附近鞘膜层增厚。术后病理诊断:左侧附睾纤维性假瘤。例2 男,62岁。因自觉右侧阴囊肿大一月余来就诊,否认有外伤史。体检见右侧阴囊肿大,质软,无明显触痛。透光试验(+)。初步考虑为鞘腹积液。术中放出鞘腹积液约为15ml,见睾丸正常     

折褶缝合鞘膜治疗睾丸鞘膜积液

我们自1991年2月～1992年6月,采用睾丸鞘膜切除后折褶缝合残余鞘膜治疗睾丸鞘膜积液14例,术后疼痛轻,无并发症,报告如下。一、临床资料本组14例,年龄8～68(平均46)岁。病程6个月～8年,均为单侧睾丸鞘膜积液,其中左侧8例,右     

睾丸鞘膜纤维假瘤1例报告

回顾性分析1例睾丸鞘膜纤维假瘤患者的临床及病理资料。经阴囊切口探查为睾丸鞘膜光滑的肿块,术中冰冻提示良性肿瘤,故行肿瘤及部分睾丸鞘膜切除。术后病理报告为睾丸鞘膜纤维假瘤,术后6个月复查未见肿瘤复发及转移。睾丸鞘膜纤维假瘤发病率低,但属于良性肿瘤样病变,可行保留睾丸的肿瘤切除术,若术中无法明确良恶性,需行根治性睾丸切除术。     

精索附睾间皮囊肿的诊治(附11例报告并文献复习)

目的 提高对精索、附睾问皮囊肿的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗的认识.方法 回顾总结11例精索、附睾间皮囊肿病例,观察和分析其临床和病理组织学特点.结果 患者平均年龄59.55岁,精索囊肿4例,其中左侧2例,右侧2例;附睾囊肿7例,其中右侧5例,左侧1例,双侧多发囊肿1例.囊肿直径1～8cm,术前B超诊断精索囊肿5例,附睾囊肿5例,睾丸鞘膜积液l例.11例患者均行手术,1例双侧附睾切除,2例单侧附睾切除,其余完整切除囊肿.术中发现精索间皮囊肿多位于内外环间或偏于外环口处;附睾间皮囊肿多发于附睾头,多发囊肿布满附睾体部.病理结果:间皮囊肿伴间皮增生.免疫组化结果:CK[+],Vim[+],Calretinin[+],CK5/6[+],WT.1[+],D2-40[+].术后随访1～3.5年,均未见囊肿复发.结论 精索、附睾间皮囊肿是少见的良性病变,病史、体检及病理检查对本病的诊断有决定意义,主张采用彻底囊肿剜除或附睾切除术.     

Primary adenocarcinoma of the rete testis

We report a case of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis in a 44-year-old man, presented intially with a hydrocele and later with signs of infection in the affected hemiscrotum. Multiple focal lesions within the testis appeared 6 months later in ultrasounds. After high inguinal orchiectomy, histology revealed a primary adenocarcinoma of the rete testis. Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is a rare a highly malignant tumour originating in the mediastinum of the testis. Slightly over 40 cases have been reported in the literature. The treatment of choice is radical orchiectomy. Prognosis is poor; as mainly as 40% of patients die within the first year of diagnosis.     

Adenocarcinoma of rete testis

We report a case of adenocarcinoma of rete testis in 64-year-old man. His first diagnosis was hydrocele of left testis, but aspiration cytology showed malignancy. The patient underwent left orchiectomy. The pathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma of the rete testis. The cancer was suspected to be arising from the duct of rete testis on the histological examination, and no other malignancy was found elsewhere in his body. However, he died at 10 months after the operation for lung metastasis. Adenocarcinoma of rete testis is one of the rarest malignancies. Only 25 cases have been reported since the first case was described by Feek and Hunter in 1945. This is the twenty-sixth case in the literature.     

Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis. A clinicopathologic study of nine cases

Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis is an uncommon lesion that has recently been described. Nine cases of adenomatous hyperplasia were identified in two institutions from 1980 to 1989. At diagnosis the nine patients ranged in age from 30 to 74 years (mean, 59 years; median, 66 years). Three patients presented with a grossly identifiable solid or cystic testicular hilar mass. In six cases adenomatous hyperplasia was an incidental microscopic finding--five from orchiectomy specimens and one from an autopsy specimen. Microscopically, the hyperplasia consisted of a tubulopapillary epithelial proliferation of rete testis. The lining cells were cuboidal to low columnar and lacked nuclear pleomorphism or mitotic figures. The involvement of the rete testis was predominantly diffuse. In seven cases the seminiferous tubules showed atrophic changes. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical (keratin, epithelial-membrane antigen: positive; vimentin, muscle-specific actin, desmin, and S-100: negative) studies done on one case showed similar features to those of nonhyperplastic rete testis epithelium. No patient with adenomatous hyperplasia showed local recurrence or metastasis. Possible pathogeneses include hormonal imbalance or stimulatory influence that remains as yet unidentified.     

Outcome of different post‐orchiectomy management for stage I seminoma: Japanese multi‐institutional study including 425 patients

Objectives: To clarify the contemporary clinical outcome of stage I seminoma and to provide information on treatment options to patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 425 patients who underwent orchiectomy for stage I seminoma between 1985 and 2006 at 25 hospitals in Japan. Relapse‐free survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and clinicopathological factors associated with relapse were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: A total of 30 out of 425 patients had relapsed. Relapse‐free survival rates at 10 years were 79, 94 and 94% in the surveillance, chemotherapy and radiotherapy groups, respectively. Post‐orchiectomy management and rete testis invasion were identified as independent predictive factors associated with relapse. Rete testis invasion remained to be an independent predictive factor, even if the cases with relapses in the contralateral testis were censored. Only one patient, who relapsed after adjuvant radiotherapy, died of the disease. Overall survival at 10 years was 100, 100 and 99% in the surveillance, chemotherapy and radiotherapy groups, respectively. More than half of the patients were lost to follow up within 5 years. Conclusions: The outcome of Japanese patients with stage I seminoma is similar to previously published Western reports. Surveillance policy is becoming a popular option in Japan, although the relapse rate in patients opting for surveillance policy is higher than those opting for adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Rete testis invasion is an independent predictive factor associated with relapse regardless of the post‐orchiectomy management. Long‐term follow up is mandatory for detection of late relapse.     

Rete testis adenocarcinoma recurring in the inguinal lymph nodes. A case report

Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is a rare neoplasm with 41 reported cases in the literature till 1994. In most of the reported cases, the neoplasm presents as a scrotal mass with diffuse enlargement. The aetiology is unknown and the clinical course of the tumour is not very well defined. In six of the reported cases metastatic spread of the tumour to inguinal lymph nodes was demonstrated in the follow-up. We report herein a distinctive case of rete testis adenocarcinoma presenting as an isolated inguinal recurrence one year after radical orchiectomy.     

Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis. A case report

Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is a rare malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. About 60 cases of this adenocarcinoma have been reported in the literature. The diagnosis is often difficult and made incidentally. Herein, we report a case of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis and review the literature. Our patient was an 80-year-old man who presented with painless scrotal swelling for 2 years. Physical examination revealed an enlarged, hard mass of the left scrotum. The serum markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were negative. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left hydrocele with central necrosis of the testis. After 4 months, the patient presented with appetite loss, general fatigue, and pain in the left scrotum. Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed in another hospital, and the patient was referred for a left testicular tumor, multiple lung metastases, and para-aorta lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent left high inguinal orchiectomy. Pathological examination revealed a hard whitish mass around the testis involving the epididymis and tunica vaginalis and spreading under the subcutaneous tissue. Histological examination revealed adenocarcinoma in the hilum of the testis, which extended to the subcutaneous tissue but not to the surface of the scrotum. The tunica albuginea was intact, and no invasion of carcinoma in the testis was seen. After the histological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis was confirmed, computed tomography (CT) was performed and showed multiple pulmonary nodules and para-aortica lymph node swelling of 3 cm diameter. Because the patient did not wish to receive chemotherapy or other aggressive treatment, he has been followed-up with palliative care since his diagnosis. Although local recurrence has occurred 4 months later, he is still alive for 8 months since his diagnosis.     

Difficulties of a surveillance study omitting retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis

Between August 1981 and December 1984, 85 consecutive patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis who were suitable for close observation entered a surveillance study after orchiectomy alone. All patients had unequivocally negative chest x-ray, bipedal lymph-angiography, and computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, and normal levels of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin before entering the study. Patients were followed closely for 24 to 64 months (median 42 months) with regular chest x-rays, plain films of the abdomen for lymphangiography control, and serum determinations of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin but it was difficult to obtain computerized tomography scans of the abdomen at scheduled intervals for such a long period. Followup was closed December 31, 1986. At that date 62 patients (73 per cent) were continuously free of disease after orchiectomy alone and 23 (27 per cent) suffered relapse. The over-all occurrence rate of retroperitoneal relapses was 16.5 per cent and they usually were detected late, 4 to 36 months (median 10 months) after orchiectomy. Lung metastases were detected much earlier, 2 to 10 months (median 3 months) after orchiectomy. Alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin elevations preceded the radiographic demonstration of metastases in 8 patients only (35 per cent) and in 1 they were the only sign of relapse. All but 1 patient with relapse were cured with chemotherapy and/or surgery, with an over-all survival rate free of disease of 98.8 per cent. Invasion of the epididymis, rete testis and spermatic cord, primary scrotal surgery, peritumor vascular invasion and embryonal carcinoma were associated with a higher risk for relapse but it was impossible to find clear-cut indications to select patients for adjuvant chemotherapy, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy or no treatment. Furthermore, the followup of retroperitoneal nodes proved to be much more difficult than expected. Unilateral or modified retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy facilitates management of clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: only the chest and markers must be followed, the status of the retroperitoneal nodes is known immediately and antegrade ejaculation is preserved in the majority of cases.