抗心磷脂抗体与神经精神性狼疮

用酶联免疫吸附试验检测神经精神性狼疮（ＮＰＬＥ）、非ＮＰＬＥ狼疮患者，非ＳＬＥ脑血管疾病患者及正常对照者血清及脑脊液中抗心磷脂抗体（ＡＣＬ抗体）。结果显示ＮＰＬＥ组ＡＣＬ抗体阳性率在血清为９０％，脑脊液为３３％，非ＮＰＬＥ狼疮组ＡＣＬ阳性率在血清为４４％，脑脊液为８．３％，非ＳＬＥ脑血管疾病组ＡＣＬ阳性率在血清为５０％，脑脊液为４０％，无神经精神症状瓣非ＳＬＥ手术患者，阳性率在血清及脑脊液均为０。     

抗心磷脂抗体与神经精神性狼疮

用酶联免疫吸咐试验检测神经精神性狼疮(NPLE)、非NPLE狼疮患者,非SLE脑血管疾病患者及正常对照者血清及脑脊液中抗心磷脂抗体(ACL抗体)。结果显示NPLE组ACL抗体阳性率在血清为90％,脑脊液为33％,非NPLE狼疮组ACL阳性率在血清为44％,脑脊液为8.3％,非SLE脑血管疾病组ACL阳性率在血清为50％,脑脊液为40％,无神经精神症状的非SLE手术患者,阳性率在血清及脑脊液均为0。ACL抗体在NPLE组与其它组之间(除非SLE脑血管疾病组脑脊液中ACL抗体)有显著差别,它的检测将有助于NPLE的临床诊断。     

抗核糖体P蛋白抗体测定在神经精神狼疮中的意义

目的探讨抗核糖体P蛋白抗体在神经精神狼疮中的意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附测定法，检测69份系统性红斑狼疮患者血清（包括神经精神狼疮患者35例，无神经精神症状狼疮患者34例）和12份神经精神狼疮患者脑脊液中的抗核糖体P蛋白抗体。结果血清中抗核糖体P蛋白抗体在神经精神狼疮患者中的阳性率为57％，在无神经精神症状狼疮患者中的阳性率仅为3％，二者在抗体水平和阳性率上差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。弥漫性神经精神狼疮患者抗体阳性率为67％，显著高于局灶性神经精神狼疮患者的14％（P〈0．05）。神经精神狼疮中20例抗核糖体P蛋白抗体阳性患者系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动指数显著高于15例阴性患者（P〈0．05）；阳性患者精神症状（类精神分裂症、抑郁症）出现率明显高于阴性患者（P〈0．05）。12例神经精神狼疮患者脑脊液中抗核糖体P蛋白抗体均为阴性。结论血清中抗核糖体P蛋白抗体水平与神经精神狼疮的精神症状及病清活动度高度相关。     

神经精神狼疮发病机制研究进展

系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）的神经系统病变和精神障碍即神经精神性很疮（NPSLE），日益有狼疮诊治和研究领域受到重视。1999年，美国风湿病学会（ACR）对NPSLE的19条分类定义不仅对实际的诊疗和研究工作提供了诊断标准，更反映出NPSLE多种多样的病理过程，对其复杂的病因及发病机制的研究也成为自身免疫病和神经科学研究的热点。     

神经精神狼疮脑损害标志物的分析

系统性红斑狼疮（systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE）是一种原因不明的慢性复发、缓解性的自身免疫性疾病，以多种自身抗体导致不同靶器官的损害为特点，其具有的神经精神表现，即神经精神狼疮（neuropsychiatric SLE，NPSLE）的发生率高达14％～75％，由于种族、年龄、性别，尤其是诊断标准使用的差异，NPSLE占SLE的比例大致在40％～50％，并具有较高的病死率和致残率。因此，及时诊断NPSLE，并给予适当的治疗至关重要。     

抗神经节苷脂抗体与神经精神性狼疮相关性研究

目的 探讨抗神经节苷脂抗体在神经精神性狼疮(NPSLE)中的意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法,检测68份血清(包括NPSLE患者33例.无神经精神症状的狼疮患者35例)和18例脑脊液(包括NPSLE患者10例,非NPSLE的狼疮患者8例)中的抗神经节苷脂抗体IsG和IgM.结果 血清中抗神经节苷脂抗体IgG、IgM在系统性红斑狼疮患者中的阳件率分别为21%、24%,在NPSLE患者中的阳性率均为18%,在无神经精神症状的狼疮患者中的阳性率分别为22%、29%,二者在抗体水平和阳性率上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).脑脊液中抗神经节苷脂抗体IgG、IgM在系统性红斑狼疮患者中的阳性率分别为10/18、9/18,在神经精神性狼疮患者中的阳性率均为7/10、8/10,在非NPSLE的狼疮患者中的阳性率分别为3/8、1/8,二者在抗体水平和阳性率上差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 脑脊液中AGA与NPSLE密切相关.     

抗内皮细胞抗体检测方法

抗内皮细胞抗体检测方法周虹，胡伟新自１９７１年Ｌｉｎｄｑｕｉｒｔ和Ｏｓｔｅｒｌａｕｄ首次报道在某些炎性疾病中发现抗内皮细胞抗体（ＡＥＣＡ）以来，人们已发现多种疾病中存在ＡＥＣＡ，包括急性排异反应、血栓性血小板紫癜、Ｗａｇｎｅｒ肉芽肿、微型多动脉炎等。...     

神经精神狼疮2例报道并文献复习

神经精神狼疮（NPSLE）是SLE的严重并发症，发生率14％～75％，轻者仅有偏头痛、性格改变、记忆力减退或轻度认知障碍，重者可表现为脑血管意外、昏迷、癫痫持续状态等。由于实验室检查缺少特异性指标，给NPSLE的诊断带来困难。现报道我院近期2例NPSLE病例并复习相关文献。     

血管内皮细胞在脑血管病发病中的作用

随着分子生物学、免疫学的发展,对血管壁内皮细胞在脑血管病发病中的作用有了突破性认识。一、血管内皮细胞的结构与功能人的不同血管其内皮细胞的形态各异,随年龄的变化内皮细胞亦有改变。老年人血管内皮细胞一     

神经相关性自身抗体检测在神经精神性狼疮中的意义

目的 探讨神经相关性自身抗体在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)和神经精神性狼疮(NPSLE)患者血清或脑脊液中的敏感性和特异性,评价其在NPSLE诊断中的意义.方法 利用间接免疫荧光法分别以成神经瘤细胞株(SK-N-SH)、神经胶质瘤细胞株(U251)以及C57BL/10小鼠的大脑及脊髓切片为底物检测121例SLE患者、34例疾病对照组和34名健康对照组的血清及24例NPSLE患者和22例疾病对照组的脑脊液中抗神经元细胞抗体、抗神经胶质细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体.结果 SLE患者血清中抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体的阳性率(17.4%、25.6%和29.8%)明显高于类风湿关节炎(RA)患者以及正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),在SLE诊断中的特异性分别为98.5%、95.6%和100%;抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体均与SLE疾病活动性指数(SLEDAI)积分呈正相关,并与NPSLE患者的癫痫发作、头痛、急性意识障碍以及情绪失调、焦虑等症状的发生有关;NPSLE患者血清的抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体和抗脊髓抗体的阳性率(27.8%、38.9%和61.1%)明显高于无中枢神经系统受累的SEE患者(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);NPSLE患者的脑脊液中抗脑抗体、抗脊髓抗体的阳性率均为29.2%,与疾病对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);在NPSLE诊断中的特异性分别为100%和95.5%.结论 抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体对SLE诊断的特异性较高,但敏感性偏低;3种抗体均与SLE疾病活动性相关;血清中抗神经元细胞抗体、抗脑抗体及抗脊髓抗体是NPSLE诊断的较特异性抗体,抗脊髓抗体可能是诊断NPSLE较敏感的指标之一;脑脊液中的抗脑抗体、抗脊髓抗体对NPSLE的诊断更具有特异性.     

Clinical associations of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

The aim of this study was to define the clinical associations of anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by measuring serum AECA titers to correlate with the disease activity and clinical manifestations. Forty-one SLE patients and 27 controls were studied. Serum samples were collected at the time of patient presentation with disease exacerbation and 4 weeks after the start of treatment. The disease activity was evaluated by the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). AECA was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods with the surface antigen of the immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). The mean immunoglobulin (Ig)G-AECA and IgM-AECA optical densities (ODs) were significantly higher in patients with SLE compared with controls [mean ± standard deviation (SD), 0.32 ± 0.15 vs 0.18 ± 0.16 and 0.29 ± 0.14 vs 0.21 ± 0.09, respectively]. There was a positive correlation between IgG-AECA and the SLEDAI scores. The positivity rate of AECA in the groups with digital vasculitis, neuropsychiatric lupus, and anti-cardiolipin antibody was significant. In conclusion, AECA may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE and was correlated with the disease activity. It was also associated with clinical manifestations such as digital vasculitis, neuropsychiatric lupus, and anti-cardiolipin antibody positivity. Received: 10 January 2000 / Accepted: 4 May 2000     

Anti-endothelial cell antibodies to the endothelial hybridoma cell line (EAhy926) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with antiphospholipid antibodies

The endothelial hybridoma (EAhy926) cell line was employed to clarify whether antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA) [lupus anticoagulant (LA), antiprothrombin antibody (aPT) and/or anticardiolipin antibody (aCL)] and anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) are identical, and establish whether β₂-glycoprotein I (β₂-GPI) is needed for reactivity of aPA to endothelial cells. Ig-G AECA was positive in 9/30 SLE patients with aPA (30.0%) and 10/22 SLE patients negative for aPA (45.5%). Ig-M AECA was positive in one SLE patient with aPA and one SLE patient without aPA. AECA-positivity was not significantly different among unfixed, TNF-stimulated and fixed EAhy926. The influence of β₂-GPI on the reactivity of serum to EAhy926 was minimal, and absorption experiments of serum with cardiolipin-liposome/β₂-GPI or phosphatidylserine-liposome/prothrombin gave little evidence of cross-reactivity of aPA and AECA. The results of our study suggest that aPA and AECA may have partially cross-reacted, but were different antibodies. However, further study is needed to clarify the clinico-pathological significance of AECA.     

Association of antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus

Neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are well-recognized symptoms although the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) is unclear. Since an association with antiphospholipid antibodies has been reported, we examined the prevalence of antiphosphatidylserine–prothrombin antibodies (anti-PS/PT Abs), lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin/β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-β2-GPI Abs), and antiribosomal P protein antibodies (antiribosomal P Abs) in 68 SLE patients and analyzed their associations with neuropsychiatric manifestations. The prevalence of LA was significantly higher in the patients with neuropsychiatric (NP) features than those without NP features (P < 0.02). The levels of anti-PS/PT antibody were also significantly higher in the patients with NP features than those without NP features (P < 0.01). The results indicate that LA positivity and higher levels of anti-PS/PT antibody can be predictive markers for NPSLE.     

Antiendothelial cell antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective: Anti‐endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) are a heterogeneous group of antibodies against a variety of antigenic determinants on endothelial cells (EC). AECAs are known to play an immunopathogenic role in triggering EC activation, leading to vascular damage. The purpose of this study was to assess: (i) the incidence of AECAs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with nephritis (LN) and to compare this with SLE patients without clinical evidence of nephritis; and (ii) to understand the association of AECAs with disease severity based on renal histopathological findings. Method: Fifty‐three clinically and histopathologically proven cases of LN were studied along with 20 patients without evidence of nephritis. AECAs were detected by immunofluorescence using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The titres and immunoglobulin subclass of AECAs were also identified. Other autoantibodies were also detected. Results: In the LN group, 21 (39.6%) were AECA positive and 19 (35.8%) were antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positive. Autoantibodies to double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) were present in 49 (92.4%) cases. In patients without nephritis, seven (35%) tested positive for AECA, five for ANCA and all were antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive. Anti‐dsDNA was detected in 16 patients (80%), higher incidence of AECAs was noted in diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (41.2%) as compared to focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (37.5%) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (33.3%). IgG‐AECA subclass was noted in 85.7% patients, IgM‐AECA and IgG + M AECA subclasses of AECA were detected in 7.1% cases. AECAs were also found to be associated with other autoantibodies such as ANA, anti‐dsDNA and ANCA. Conclusion: No significant differences in AECA positivity was found between SLE with and without nephritis.     

免疫球蛋白G在小鼠系统性红斑狼疮肝损害发生中的作用

[目的]探讨免疫球蛋白G(IgG)在系统性红斑狼疮肝损害发生中的作用。[方法]利用空肠弯曲菌诱导建立系统性红斑狼疮小鼠模型18只,设为A组;用乙肝病毒感染造成肝损害的小鼠模型18只,设为B组;取正常对照小鼠18只,设为C组。检测各组各项肝功能指标,利用免疫荧光技术检测IgG在肝脏的沉积情况,同时检测循环中IgG的含量,比较上述各组在肝功能及肝脏IgG沉积方面的不同。[结果]A、B组肝功能各项指标均明显高于C组,但A、B组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组小鼠肝脏IgG沉积及循环IgG含量均高于B、C组(P<0.05)。[结论]IgG免疫复合物的沉积在系统性红斑狼疮肝损害的发展中可能扮演了重要的角色。     

IgG therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus

Summary Two paediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were treated with immunoglobulin G (IgG). In the first case treatment resulted in regression of the most acute symptoms and a long remission was achieved. In the second patient, who was treated during the chronic stage of the disease, there was no significant effect on the course of the SLE.Abbreviations ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - T Thoracic vertebra - DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid - HLA HLA system (of histocompatibility loci) - IgG Immunoglobulin G - RES Reticuloendothelial system - SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus - CNS Central nervous system     

Mimickers of neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), presenting with new onset or worsening neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms, is a challenge in clinical practice. Mimickers such as infections, drug-induced side effects, metabolic abnormalities, malignancies, and alcohol-related disorders have to be excluded, before attributing the manifestations to disease activity. Proper diagnosis is essential to guide adequate management and reduce morbidity and mortality. In this review article, we will highlight clinical, laboratorial, and neuroradiological features that are helpful to assist in the differential diagnosis.     

Antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: Clinical and laboratory associations in 111 patients

Summary An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the prevalence and disease associations of antibodies to a range of negatively charged phospholipids in 111 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The frequency of one or more isotypes of different antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs) was similar (range 33%–45%). When individual isotypes were considered alone there was considerable variation (range 5%–32%). There were significant associations between thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and central nervous system (CNS) disease but not abortion with elevated APL. Strong associations were found between raised anti-ds-DNA (Farr assay) and a positive direct Coomb's test with raised APL. Thus, APLs are common in SLE and are associated with discrete clinical and laboratory features. However, detection of antibodies to a range of negatively charged phospholipids added little clinically useful information to that obtained by measuring anticardiolipin antibody (ACL) alone. We cannot recommend the use of APLs other than ACL for routine testing.