心肺复苏机在心脏骤停患者急诊抢救中的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨心肺复苏机在心脏骤停患者抢救中的临床疗效及社会效益。方法:回顾性分析、总结、研究56例徒手心肺复苏患者及37例运用心肺复苏机复苏患者的病例资料。结果:运用心肺复苏机复苏30min内复苏成功率为23.81%,与徒手组(23.26%)差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但30min运用心肺复苏机复苏成功率为12.50%,显著高于徒手组(7.69%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:心肺复苏机临床复苏效果与徒手复苏比较,30min以内两者没有差异;而30min以上心肺复苏机临床复苏效果明显优于徒手复苏。     

心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压对心肺复苏成功的影响

目的:探讨心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压对心肺复苏成功的影响。方法:将42例心跳呼吸骤停患者随机分为徒手胸外心脏按压组(A组)和心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压组(B组)。二组均进行无创动脉血压、心电、经皮氧饱和度sPO2等监测。结果:B组的自主循环恢复率和24小时存活率均明显高于A组(P<0.05和P<0.01),但二组的出院存活率无显著性差异。B组的经皮氧饱和度明显高于A组(P<0.05),而自主循环恢复时间则明显短于后者(P<0.01);二组的平均动脉压无显著性差异。结论:心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压在提高自主循环率,缩短自主循环恢复时间,改善患者生存机会等方面明显优于徒手胸外心脏按压。     

自动心肺复苏系统在院前急救中的应用观察

目的:探讨AutopulseTM MODEL100型自动心肺复苏系统在心跳呼吸骤停患者抢救中的应用及其心脏复苏效果.方法:对院前急救中44例心跳呼吸骤停息者随机分组,立即分别应用AutopulseTM MODEL100型自动心肺复苏系统和徒手进行胸外心脏按压,同时按照2010年AHA心肺复苏及心血管急救指南给予相应的复苏措施,观察两组复苏效果.结果:自动心肺复苏系统较徒手心肺复苏在>30min的超长时心肺复苏中可提高ROSC成功率.结论:Autopulse自动心肺复苏系统是有效的心肺复苏工具,在超长心肺复苏中更具优势.     

呼气末二氧化碳分压评估两种心肺复苏方式的临床效果

目的探讨心脏骤停患者器械及徒手胸外按压两种心肺复苏方式的效果。方法收集2011年2月至2012年10月北京市房山区良乡医院急诊科收治心脏骤停患者32例,根据2010心肺复苏与心血管急救指南进行心肺复苏,随机分为器械复苏组(器械组)及徒手复苏组(徒手组),每组各16例,分别监测患者复苏后3 min、5 min、10 min、20min呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETco2)水平。结果器械组患者自主循环恢复5例,徒手组患者自主循环恢复3例,所有患者在心肺复苏前3个时间点PETco2水平无显著差异(P>0.05),20 min时器械组PETco2水平明显高于较徒手组(P=0.03)。所有恢复自主循环患者PETco2水平均高于15 mmHg。结论器械心肺复苏较徒手心肺复苏更能维持较长时间较高的PETco2水平,更有助于心脏骤停患者自主循环恢复。     

心肺复苏质量核查表在心肺复苏中的应用

目的总结心肺复苏质量核查表在心肺复苏中的应用效果。方法将104例患者按使用心肺复苏质量核查表前后分组,使用前(对照组)40例,使用后(观察组)64例。汉化心肺复苏质量核查表并进行文化调试,形成中文版心肺复苏质量核查表并应用于临床,每次实施心肺复苏后就心肺复苏质量核查表各项内容进行回顾分析,进行质量改进。结果心肺复苏质量核查表使用前,胸外按压分数为85.71%,平均按压深度为(5.07±0.57)cm,心肺复苏质量核查表使用后,胸外按压分数为89.72%,平均按压深度为(5.35±0.43)cm,自主循环恢复率从32.50%提高到37.50%。结论心肺复苏质量核查表的使用有助于复苏团队高效运行,改善心肺复苏质量。     

机械心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏效果影响的Meta分析

目的评价使用机械心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏结局的影响。方法系统检索中国知网、维普、万方、PUBMED、Web of Science等数据库中关于机械心肺复苏和徒手心肺复苏的相关文献,提取有效数据后用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共计纳入20项临床研究,包含29 727例患者,其中11 104例患者在复苏过程中使用了机械心肺复苏,18 623例患者在复苏过程中全程使用徒手心肺复苏。Meta分析结果显示,机械心肺复苏相对于徒手心肺复苏不能有效改善心脏骤停患者的自主循环恢复发生率(RR=1.10,95%CI:0.99~1.23,P<0.01)、入院存活率(RR=1.01,95%CI:0.95~1.08,P=0.67)、出院存活率(RR=1.00,95%CI:0.86~1.15,P=0.14)、神经功能预后(RR=0.81,95%CI:0.61~1.06,P=0.69)。结论机械心肺复苏对比徒手心肺复苏,并不能显著改善心脏骤停患者的预后。不推荐机械心肺复苏完全替代徒手胸外按压。     

徒手心肺复苏与心肺复苏机在呼吸心跳骤停心肺复苏救治中的疗效比较

将86例呼吸心跳骤停患者随机分为两组,都在得到确认后5s内就开始实施心肺复苏术,其中第1组实施徒手心肺复苏术,第2组使用心肺复苏机行持续心肺复苏术。依据2010版心肺复苏指南实施持续心肺复苏,同时观察患者的自主呼吸、自主心率、颈动脉搏动、瞳孔、面色及心电图等指标来证明有效或无效。第1组有效1例,无效59例,有效率为1.67%;第2组有效4例,无效22例,有效率为15.38%,两组对比总体阳性率差异明显,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。心肺复苏救治时心肺复苏机比徒手心肺复苏有更好的复苏效果,其复苏率明显要高,值得推广应用。     

心脏骤停后心肺复苏和心肺脑复苏成功病例的对比分析

目的 探讨影响心脏骤停患者成功脑复苏的相关因素.方法 回顾对比分析心脏骤停后成功心肺脑复苏(A组,n=38)和仅心肺复苏成功(B组,n=42)患者之间的相关指标,包括性别、年龄、原发疾病、心脏骤停原因、心脏骤停环境、心脏骤停相关时间和心肺复苏后相关治疗持续时间.结果 两组性别比和平均年龄比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).原发疾病:A组以外科为主(78.9%),B组以内科为主(61.9%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).心脏骤停原因:A组31例(81.6%)为急性缺氧、低血压、内脏神经反射和单纯心脏疾患, B组30例(71.4%)为慢性缺氧和慢性心脏病,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).心脏骤停环境:A组24例(63.2%)发生在手术室和ICU,B组22例(52.4%)发生在普通病房,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).心脏骤停相关时间:A组心脏骤停持续时间(8.2±8.7)min,自主心跳恢复时间(6.7±8.4)min,脑缺血缺氧时间(1.5±1.3)min,均明显短于B组[分别为(30.8±26.2)min、(27.7±24.9)min和(3.1±3.1)min,P＜0.001或P＜0.005].心肺复苏后相关治疗持续时间:A组亚低温持续时间(4.0±2.6)d,呼吸机持续时间(11.1±19.7)d,与B组[(5.9±3.8)d和(15.4±29.3)d]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Logistic多因素回归分析显示,原发疾病(OR=6.22,95%CI 1.64～23.46)、心脏骤停持续时间(OR=1.11,95%CI 1.04～1.19)和心脏骤停发生环境(OR=4.51,95%CI 1.22～16.61)与成功脑复苏的关系更密切,成为三个独立影响因素.结论 没有明显慢性疾病,在手术室和ICU以急性缺氧、低血压和单纯心脏原因发生的心脏骤停,抢救及时有效,复苏后处理恰当、合理,尽早实施全面脑保护是成功脑复苏的有利因素.     

体外心肺复苏启动前因素对患者预后的影响

目的:分析体外心肺复苏（extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation,ECPR）启动前因素对患者预后的影响,以探讨ECPR的干预时机和改进策略。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2021年4月在湖南师范大学附属第一医院（湖南省人民医院）行ECPR的29例患者。按患者是否存活出院分为生存组( n=13)及死亡组( n=16),分析两组常规心肺复苏（conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CCPR）时间（开始心肺复苏到体外膜肺氧合运转的时间）、ECPR前初始心律、院外及院内心搏骤停的构成比、外院转运病例构成比。按CCPR时间分为≤45 min组、45~60 min组及>60 min组分别比较其出院存活率及持续自主循环恢复（sustained return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC）率。本院院内心搏骤停患者按心搏骤停（cardiac arrest,CA）发生地点分为本科室亚组和其他科室亚组,比较其存活率。 结果:29例患者总体生存率44.83%,体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）平均辅助时长114（33.5,142.5） h,CCPR平均时长60（44.5,80） min。生存组ECMO辅助时间（140.15±44.80）h较死亡组长（ P=0.001）,生存组CCPR时间明显低于死亡组（ P=0.010）。初始心律为可除颤心律组生存率更高（ P=0.010）。OHCA较IHCA患者病死率高（ P=0.020）。外院转运病例病死率高于本院病例（ P=0.025）。CCPR时间≤45min、45~60 min、>60 min三组患者出院生存率依次递减（ P=0.001）,ROSC率依次递减（ P=0.001)。本院院内心搏骤停患者,CA发生地点在本科室（急诊医学科）组与其他科室组生存率差异无统计学意义（ P=0.54）。 结论:ECPR出院存活率高于国内外报道的CCPR存活率,ECPR对难治性心搏骤停是有效的。ECPR的预后跟CCPR时间、CA初始心律、CA发生地点明显相关,提高ECPR存活率需加强宣教及团队建设。     

心肺复苏仪与徒手复苏对老年心搏骤停患者救治效果的影响研究

目的:研究心肺复苏仪与徒手复苏对老年心搏骤停患者救治效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析东莞市厚街医院2018年5月-2019年11月收治的50例老年心搏骤停患者临床资料,根据心肺复苏方式分为观察组(25例)与对照组(25例),观察组采用心肺复苏仪,对照组实施徒手复苏,对两组救治效果进行对比。结果:观察组复苏成功率80.00%、并发症发生率16.00%,与对照组60.00%、40.00%相比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);自主循环恢复6 h后与各组复苏前相比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),观察组血流动力学、血气指标与对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组自主循环恢复时间与对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相较于徒手复苏,心肺复苏仪在老年心搏骤停患者救治中取得的效果更佳,值得在今后救治工作中推广使用。     

The retention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills

Although a great emphasis has recently been placed on training both the medical profession and the general public in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), studies have demonstrated that retention of resuscitation skills is poor. Although CPR certification is generally valid for a 1- to 2-year period, evaluation of trainees at all levels has demonstrated a marked lack of proficiency over this course of time. This paper reviews the studies that have disclosed this lack of skills retention, as well as proposed solutions and reinforcement techniques. CPR course content and certification criteria must be appropriate to maximize retention as well as learning. To this end a simplification of basic life-support training curricula is recommended.     

Measuring and improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality inside the emergency department

Aim of studyTo evaluate CPR quality during cardiac resuscitation attempts in an urban emergency department (ED) and determine the influence of the combination of scenario-based training, real-time audiovisual feedback (RTAVF), and post-event debriefing on CPR quality.MethodsCPR quality was recorded using an R Series monitor-defibrillator (ZOLL Medical) during the treatment of adult cardiac arrest patients. Phase 1 (P1; 11/01/2010-11/15/2012) was an observation period of CPR quality. Phase 2 (P2; 11/15/2012-11/08/2013) was after a 60-min psychomotor skills CPR training and included RTAVF and post-event debriefing.ResultsA total of 52 cardiac arrest patients were treated in P1 (median age 56 yrs, 63.5% male) and 49 in P2 (age 60 yrs, 83.7% male). Chest compression (CC) depth increased from 46.7 ± 3.8 mm in P1 to 61.6 ± 2.8 mm in P2 (p < 0.001), with the percentage of CC ≥ 51 mm increasing from 30.6% in P1 to 87.4% in P2 (p < 0.001). CC release velocity increased from 314 ± 25 mm/s in P1 to 442 ± 20 mm/s in P2 (p < 0.001). No significant differences were identified in CC fraction (84.3% P1 vs. 88.4% P2, p = 0.1), CC rate (125 ± 3 cpm P1 vs. 125 ± 3 cpm P2, p = 0.7), or pre-shock pause (9.7 s P1 vs. 5.9 s P2, p = 0.5), though CC fraction and pre-shock pause were within guideline recommendations.ConclusionImplementation of the bundle of scenario-based training, real-time audiovisual CPR feedback, and post-event debriefing was associated with improved CPR quality and compliance with CPR guidelines in this urban teaching emergency department.     

Available ventilation monitoring methods during pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation

High quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the pre-hospital setting has been associated with improved survival rates during cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). Recent documentation of hyperventilation associated deterioration in hemodynamics during CPR, suggests that guided or controlled ventilation strategies may contribute to improved hemodynamics and increased survival. This article briefly reviews the mechanical methods, advantages, and disadvantages of the available ventilation monitoring methods currently available for clinical use, with an emphasis on pre-hospital implementation. We recommend that more objective measurement of ventilation during CPR be performed, with emphasis on a strategy for measuring both attempted ventilation frequency (f) and delivered tidal volume (VT). The use of improved thoracic impedance pneumography and capnography are appealing for such monitoring because of the widespread availability, but modifications to existing software and clinical data compared to a clinical standard would be required before general acceptance is possible. Other methods listed may offer advantages over these in select circumstances.     

基于Utstein模式的心肺复苏注册单在急诊科的应用

目的探讨基于Utstein模式的心肺复苏注册单在急诊科应用的效果。方法对167例病例进行一般资料登记,回顾审阅167例病历资料中关于心肺复苏的病程描述及医嘱和护理记录,逐一寻找符合注册单中的条目信息并进行登记。将2013年1—9月心脏骤停的48例患者分为实验组,运用注册单前瞻性收集心肺复苏关键数据。实验组的资料收集经过心肺复苏标准化注册培训的临床医务人员在心肺复苏抢救中利用注册单实时记录心肺复苏流程,并按照注册表的质控要求进行数据完善及严格质控。结果注册单应用后心脏骤停时间、心脏骤停病因、CPR启动时间、首次除颤时间、CPR终止时间的记录缺失率较应用前降低,差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为5．92,5．34,203．93,75．16,193．71;P〈0．05）。结论基于Utstein模式的心肺复苏注册单的应用降低了心肺复苏关键数据的缺失率,为心肺复苏质量控制奠定了基础。     

Relationship between knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines and performance

OBJECTIVE: Despite widespread training with CPR guidelines, CPR is often poorly performed. We explore relationships between knowledge of CPR guidelines and performance (compression rate, compression depth, compression to ventilation ratio, and ventilation volume). METHODS: Sixty professional EMTs were sampled at 26 randomly ordered EMS response stations from an urban system of 31 stations. A recording manikin and video model were used to assess performance in a standardized scenario, and a survey was used to assess guideline knowledge. Survey and performance outcomes were categorized prospectively as correct or incorrect based on the International CPR Guidelines from 2000. Relationships were modeled with logistic regression. Covariates included years of work experience, frequency of CPR performance, and ALS versus BLS EMT level. RESULTS: Compression rate was between 80 and 120 min(-1) in 56% (33/59) of trials. Compression depth was 1.5-2 in. in 39% (23/59), compression to ventilation ratio approximated to 15:2 in 42% (25/59), and ventilation volume was 800-1,200 cm(3) in 13% (8/60). Accurate knowledge of the CPR guidelines was associated with better performance of chest compression rate and compression to ventilation ratio. Adjusted OR (95% CI) were 4.6 (1.2-18.1) for compression rate, 1.7 (0.4-6.5) for compression depth, 4.5 (1.1-18.5) for compression to ventilation ratio, and 9.0 (0.2-351) for ventilation volume. CONCLUSIONS: Although accurate knowledge of guidelines is associated with increased odds of correct performance of some aspects of CPR, overall performance remains poor.     

影响护理人员心肺复苏成功率的分析研究

目的：了解临床护理人员心肺复苏术掌握现状,并对成功率的影响因素进行分析探讨。方法：使用复苏型安妮模型对我院133名1年内护士、ICU护理骨干、护士长分组进行CPR测试、培训、再测试,对测试结果进行统计分析。结果：1年内护士与ICU护理骨干、护士长抢救合格率比较有统计学差异。培训前、后3组技能测试成绩人工呼吸、胸外按压分值均有明显提高,差异有统计学意义。1年内护士间隔12月测试成绩明显下降。讨论：护理人员资历、专业和疲劳程度均影响CPR。CPR在我院护理人员中的掌握情况不尽人意,需定期常规培训,以间隔6个月最佳。     

YouTube as a source of information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Objective

Widespread knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critical to improving survival in sudden cardiac death. We analyzed YouTube, an Internet video-site which is a growing source of healthcare information for source, content and quality of information about CPR.

Methods

YouTube was queried using keywords “CPR”, “Cardiopulmonary resuscitation”, “BLS” and “Basic life support”. Videos in English demonstrating CPR technique were included. Videos were classified by upload source, content, structure of course, subject for CPR demonstration, etc. Videos were scored for ‘accuracy of demonstration’ of CPR steps on a scale of 0-8 and for ‘viewability’.

Results

Of 800 videos screened 52 met the inclusion criteria with mean duration of 233 (±145) s and view count 37 (±77) per day. 48% (n = 25) videos were by individuals with unspecified credentials. No differences were noted in view count/day, ‘accuracy of demonstration’ and ‘viewability’ among videos based on source. No information was provided about scene safety assessment in 65% (n = 34) videos. Only 69% (n = 31/45) videos demonstrated the correct compression-ventilation ratio while 63.5% (n = 33), 34.6% (n = 18) and 40.4% (n = 21) gave information on location, rate and depth of chest compressions respectively. 19% (n = 10) videos incorrectly recommended checking for pulse.

Conclusion

Videos judged the best source for CPR information were not the ones most viewed. Information on this platform is unregulated, hence content by trusted sources should be posted to provide accurate and easily accessible information about CPR. YouTube may have a potential role in video-assisted learning of CPR and as source of information for CPR in emergencies.     

Willingness and obstacles of healthcare professionals to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in China

BackgroundBystander CPR (B-CPR) is crucial to increase survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and this study is performed to assess the willingness and obstacles of Chinese healthcare professionals (HCPs) to perform B-CPR on strangers, as well as the factors associated with the willingness.MethodsAn internet-based questionnaire surveying demographic information, CPR training, CPR knowledge, willingness, and obstacles to perform B-CPR among 10,393 HCPs. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with the willingness.ResultsHere, 73.9% of HCPs were willing to perform B-CPR on strangers in China. The factors associated with the willingness were as follows: female, senior, working in Third-class hospitals, working in Pre-hospital emergency and Cardiology or Cardiac surgery, receiving current training, having adequate CPR knowledge. The main obstacles were fear of infection via mouth-to-mouth ventilations (MMV), fear of being blackmailed and fear of legal liability.ConclusionAbout three quarters of HCPs are willing to perform B-CPR. Female HCPs, those who have more CPR experience, adequate knowledge, and recent training are more likely to perform B-CPR. Reform of the legal and credit system are needed, and recommendation of hands-only CPR is a possibility to encourage HCPs to perform B-CPR on strangers.     

心肺复苏质量的影响指标分析

心肺复苏质量是影响心搏骤停生存率的关键,除开始心肺复苏时间外,反映心肺复苏质量的指标还包括按压频率、按压深度、按压位置、胸廓充分回弹、避免按压中断以及通气过度等,通过综合分析反映心肺复苏质量的指标参数,以期促进心肺复苏的质量的提高。     

Performance of the i-gel™ during pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Background

Current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend airway management and ventilation whilst minimising interruptions to chest compressions. We have assessed i-gel™ use during CPR.

Methods

In an observational study of i-gel™ use during CPR we assessed the ease of i-gel™ insertion, adequacy of ventilation, the presence of a leak during ventilation, and whether ventilation was possible without interrupting chest compressions.

Results

We analysed i-gel™ insertion by paramedics (n = 63) and emergency physicians (n = 7) in 70 pre-hospital CPR attempts. There was a 90% first attempt insertion success rate, 7% on the second attempt, and 3% on the third attempt. Insertion was reported as easy in 80% (n = 56), moderately difficult in 16% (n = 11), and difficult in 4% (n = 3). Providers reported no leak on ventilation in 80% (n = 56), a moderate leak in 17% (n = 12), and a major leak with no chest rise in 3% (n = 2). There was a significant association between ease of insertion and the quality of the seal (r = 0.99, p = 0.02). The i-gel™ enabled continuous chest compressions without pauses for ventilation in 74% (n = 52) of CPR attempts. There was no difference in the incidence of leaks on ventilation between patients having continuous chest compressions and patients who had pauses in chest compressions for ventilation (83% versus 72%, p = 0.33, 95% CI [−0.1282, 0.4037]). Ventilation during CPR was adequate during 96% of all CPR attempts.

Conclusions

The i-gel™ is an easy supraglottic airway device to insert and enables adequate ventilation during CPR.