高龄冠心病患者冠状动脉搭桥术

目的比较冠脉搭桥术（CABG）的术式选择对高龄冠心病患者的影响,讨论高龄冠心病患者的围手术期管理方法。方法以我院心脏血管外科2003年1月至2009年12月所实施的514例CABG患者为研究对象,其中75岁以上患者49例,为高龄患者组,占同期CABG的9．5％;75岁以下患者465例,为非高龄患者组,占同期CABG的90．5％。结果患者的年龄、不稳定型心绞痛、有无急性心梗、冠脉危险因子、术前血红蛋白含量比例两组相比差异无统计学意义;左室射血分数〈30％,既往合并肾功能异常、脑梗塞及患有三支冠状动脉病变的患者比例两组相比差异有统计学意义。主动脉内气囊反搏（IABP）、移植血管种类、手术时间两组相比差异无统计学意义,但远心端吻合口数及完全性血运再建例数比例、跳动下冠状动脉搭桥手术（OPCAB）比例两组之间比较差异有统计学意义。术后气管插管时间、留置ICU时间两组之间比较差异无统计学意义,患者住院天数两组之间比较差异有统计学意义。术后肺部感染、肾衰、并发症脑梗塞发生率两组之间比较差异无统计学意义。围手术期死亡率两组之间比较差异无统计学意义。术后平均39个月的电话随访,心衰、心梗发生率及心源性死亡率两组之间比较差异无统计学意义。结论对于高龄患者的CABG要多考虑采用OPCAB方式及动、静脉移植血管相组合等低侵袭性手术方法,术后应早期下床进行康复训练。     

Coronary artery bypass grafting in a child with Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease (KD) with cardiac involvement can result in the development of coronary aneurysm, stenosis or thrombosis with significant cardiovascular implications. We report the case of a 23-month-old male with a late diagnosis of KD, in whom intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was not feasible. The patient's course was assessed by routine echocardiography. At the age of five years, angiographic assessment revealed an aneurysm of the anterior descending coronary artery measuring 17 mm×7 mm involving the first diagonal branch, 90% post-aneurysmal stenosis, and an aneurysm of the right coronary artery measuring 32 mm×6 mm. Due to the critical anatomy of the anterior descending artery the revascularization method of choice was coronary artery bypass surgery with an internal mammary artery graft, under cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no significant intraoperative or postoperative complications. This confirms coronary artery bypass grafting as a reliable treatment option for patients who present with coronary sequelae from KD, even at a very young age.     

Coronary artery bypass grafting for left main trunk coronary artery lesion associated with essential thrombocythemia

Effort angina due to left main trunk (LMT) lesion was diagnosed in a 58-year-old man. Platelet count was markedly increased and essential thrombocythemia was also diagnosed. Because of LMT disease, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed prior to medication for essential thrombocythemia. There were no complications during the operation or in the early postoperative period. Melphalan was administered postoperatively resulting in the decrease of platelet count. Postoperative coronary angiography demonstrated that both grafts were patent; however, immediately after coronary angiography, the patient suffered from a sudden onset of myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. The therapeutic problems associated with hematological disorder in such patients are discussed in this report.     

冠状动脉搭桥手术50例临床体会

回顾性分析50例冠状动脉搭桥手术的临床资料，本组49例手术成功，死亡1例。共行血管旁路移植170根，平均每例3．4根。术后随访2—8个月，平均3．3个月，患者心绞痛均消失。认为冠状动脉搭桥手术是治疗冠心病安全、有效的方法，能明显提高患者的生活质量。     

189例重症冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的:提高重症冠心病人冠状动脉旁路移植术的手术疗效。方法:回顾性分析189例重症冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术资料。其中应用体外循环157例,非体外循环32例;搭桥数1～6(平均3.49±1.04)支/人。对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结。结果:二次开胸4例(2.1％),低心排综合征9例(4.8％),应用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)4例(2.1％),反复发作房颤17例(9.0％),胸腔积液27例(14.3％),肺功能不全6例(3.2％),脑合并症3例(1.6％),肝功能不全5例(2.6％),肾功能不全6例(3.2％),死亡7例(3.7％),其余病人康复出院。结论:合理的选择病人,成熟的手术技术,良好的心肌保护,停机困难者IABP的尽早应用及术后处理的加强是提高重症冠心病人冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效的重要措施。     

冠状动脉旁路手术中动脉材料的选择与应用

目的 在冠状动脉旁路手术(CABG)中寻求动脉材料作旁路移植，减少因大隐静脉桥(SVG)阻塞对远期通畅率的影响。方法 34例冠心病患者以乳内动脉(IMA)和桡动脉(RA)作为血管桥行CABG，采用不接触血管技术制备动脉桥，应用药物防止动脉痉挛。结果 取乳内动脉35根，桡动脉20根，大隐静脉11根，平均移植血管1．94支，死亡1例，手术死亡率2．9％。结论 使用动脉材料行旁路移植术安全有效，预计能保持移植血管长期通畅。     

并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植16例分析

目的探讨并行循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效。方法比较并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术16例和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术33例的临床资料。结果两组术后旁路通畅率为100%。住院时间并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(18±7)d,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(18±8))d;入住重症监护病房时间:并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(48±14)h,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(57±32)h;心房颤动发生率:并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术1/16(6%),非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术为4/33(12%)。结论并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术也是一种合理和安全的术式。     

冠心病患者116例外科治疗体会

回顾应用冠状动脉旁路移植术（ｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙａｒｔｅｒｙｂｙｐａｓｓｇｒａｆｔｉｎｇ,ＣＡＢＧ）治疗冠心病的早期疗效和经验。方法１１６例病患中,９７％为多支冠状动脉病变。男性１０２例,女性１４例,年龄３５－８０岁,平均年龄６７．４岁。６３例左室射血分数≤４５％,１９例〈３０％。     

Coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with HIV

We report a successful case of a conventional coronary artery bypass operation performed in a patient with HIV infection and severe three-vessel coronary artery disease. The signal change in outcome of HIV disease, in addition to the reported evidence for accelerated atherosclerosis caused by the disease itself and by its treatment with protease inhibitors, is likely to produce a larger population of HIV-infected patients developing premature coronary artery disease for whom cardiac surgery will be required. Surgical risk, outcome and operative team risk are discussed.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术602例临床分析

目的 总结行冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的经验.方法 回顾性分析602例冠状动脉旁路移植术病例,男性462例,女性140例;应用体外循环519例,非体外循环83例,搭桥1～6(3.62±1.15)支/人.对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结.结果 二次开胸9例(1.5％),低心排综合征20例(3.3％),应用IABP 15例(2.5％),肝功能不全4例(0.7％),肾功能不全10例(1.7％),反复发作房颤21例(3.5％),肺功能不全12例(2.0％),脑合并症5例(0.8％),胸腔积液55例(9.1％).死亡9例(1.5％),其余患者康复出院.结论 合理地选择适应证,成熟的手术技术,良好的心肌保护及术后处理的加强是提高冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效的重要措施.     

Platelet activity before and after coronary artery bypass grafting

The normal response of the platelet can be altered either by increased pro-aggregatory stimuli or by diminished anti-aggregatory substances. Increased platelet activation occurs in the cardiovascular disease states of stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes. Also, cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with extensive contact between blood and synthetic surfaces and leads to a strong activation of platelets. Using light transmission aggregometry method, we tested platelet sensitivity to ADP and spontaneous activity in the platelet-rich plasma of patients before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The median values of EC₅₀ for ADP were significantly lower at days 3 and 5 after surgery (0.33 and 0.37?µM, respectively) than before surgery (0.65?µM). The medians percentages of spontaneous platelet aggregation were significantly higher after than before surgery (16 and 15% at days 3 and 5 after surgery, respectively, vs. 5% before surgery). Thus, there is a significant increase of spontaneous platelet aggregation and platelet hyperreactivity to ADP in patients after CABG compared with those before surgery.     

高龄病人冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床分析——附32例报道

目的 总结高龄病人行冠状动脉旁路移植术病人的特点.方法 对近8年来32例75岁以上冠心病病人行冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG）,其中行不停搏冠状动脉旁路移植术25例,体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术4例（占12%）,体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术加二尖瓣置换3例（占9%）.结果 32例高龄冠状动脉旁路移植术病人无院内死亡,平均术后气管插管时间12 h,重症监护病房停留时间4 d,术后住院时间18 d,术后引流量831 ml.共有29例次术后发生各种不同的并发症.20例随访3～88个月,晚期死亡3例（占9%）,其中因心脏病死亡2例（占6%）.结论 高龄冠心病病人只要一般情况好,无严重肺、肝、肾和脑疾病,选择合适的手术方式,加强围手术期处理,可获得良好的手术效果.不停搏冠状动脉旁路移植术可显著降低术后并发症的发生率及院内病死率,为高龄冠状动脉旁路移植术病人首选术式.     

Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with total occlusion of the internal carotid artery

The number of patients with coexisting disease of the coronary and carotid arteries is increasing. Patients with total occlusion of the carotid artery may have a higher risk of stroke during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and in the perioperative period. We report our results for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with total occlusion of the carotid artery. We examined 269 patients who underwent carotid artery duplex scanning (CADS) before CABG between November 1995 and January 1998. Among them, 11 patients (4.1%) had total occlusion of a carotid artery. Four patients underwent elective CABG and five underwent emergency CABG. One patient underwent anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery to the middle cerebral artery (STMC) and one patient underwent a combined CABG and carotid endoarterectomy (CEA) procedure. A transient neurological event occurred in only one patient (9.1%). The other patients recovered uneventfully. Our results suggest that CABG can be performed without stroke in patients with total unilateral occlusion of a carotid artery using our strategies. Received: April 25, 2001 / Accepted: August 3, 2001     

Coronary artery bypass grafting in young patients under 36 years of age

Results of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in patients under age 36 who were operated upon between 1970 and 1980 at two large medical centers were compared to matched control patients, age 45 to 59 years, and 60 years and over. Patient follow-up ranged from one to 13 years (average five years). Event-free survival was significantly worse in the young group (37 percent) vs the middle aged group (61 percent, p less than 0.01) and vs the elderly group (59 percent, p less than 0.02). Failure of the operation was due to failure to improve or worsening of Canadian Cardiovascular Society anginal class, need for reoperation, subsequent myocardial infarction, or death due to cardiac causes. Risk of failure of CABG surgery in young patients was increased with the presence of cardiac risk factors. Because of the high rate of long-term failure of CABG surgery in young patients, its use in this group needs to be reevaluated relative to current aggressive medical therapy for angina.     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in India

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) is the latest innovation in cardiac surgery. However OPCAB is not adopted universally. Even there have been suggestions of abandoning OPCAB in a special report. In India, OPCAB has been successfully adopted across the board. There are various evidences which favor OPCAB and are discussed in this review. The purpose of this review is to put forward the perspective of the OPCAB surgeons of our country and critically look at the suggestion of abandoning OPCAB.     

80岁以上冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床观察

目的:总结80岁以上超高龄患者冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的临床特点和结果。方法:对阜外心血管病医院2003年8月至2013年7月期间,112例行CABG的80岁以上患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。记录术前一般情况、冠状动脉病变、合并疾病、治疗情况、术中手术方式、术后恢复情况以及并发症和病死率。结果:术前3支病变或合并左主干病变的患者占72%,66%的患者合并高血压,52%高血脂,22%心律失常,31%糖尿病,19%呼吸功能不全,58%不稳定心绞痛,9.8%急性心肌梗死,23%陈旧性心肌梗死,22%脑卒中史。70例患者常温下行CABG术,42例体外循环下行CABG术,其中3例为CABG+室壁瘤切除术。平均旁路移植数量为(2.7±0.6)支。全组死亡3例,围术期心肌梗死2例,延迟苏醒5例,肺部感染8例,机械通气时间延长13例,新发生脑卒中2例,肾替代治疗4例,出血需二次手术6例。结论:80岁以上的超高龄冠心病患者,体外循环和非体外循环CABG均可提供安全有效的治疗效果,对于术前冠状动脉病变程度较重,术中需要再血管化搭桥数量较多、合并室壁瘤切除或其他心脏直视手术的患者,采用体外循环下手术。对于冠状动脉病变适合不停跳条件下就可以充分再血管化的患者,采用非体外循环CABG是适宜的手术方式。     

Beating-heart on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting vs. off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundBeating-heart on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), otherwise known as BH-ONCAB, can reduce myocardial injury by preserving native coronary blood flow while maintaining hemodynamic stability by the effective support of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study aimed to identify whether BH-ONCAB confers a survival, mortality, or morbidity benefit over off-pump CABG (OPCAB).MethodsA systematic literature review identified 18 studies incorporating 5,615 patients (1,548 BH-ONCAB and 4,067 OPCAB cases) who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Outcome measures were meta-analyzed using random-effects modeling. Between-study heterogeneity was investigated through quality assessment and risk of bias analysis.ResultsThe results demonstrated comparable early mortality and long-term survival between BH-ONCAB and OPCAB coronary revascularization with no significant statistical differences. The incidences of stroke, renal failure, blood loss, and arrhythmias were significantly higher in patients who underwent BH-ONCAB than patients who underwent OPCAB. However, BH-ONCAB conferred lower rates of incomplete revascularization and greater numbers of distal anastomoses.ConclusionsBH-ONCAB is a safe and comparable alternative to OPCAB in terms of early mortality and late survival. BH-ONCAB may confer particular advantages in preventing incomplete revascularization and allowing more distal anastomoses compared to OPCAB. However, BH-ONCAB was associated with more postoperative complications due to the use of CPB. Future work should focus on larger matched studies and multicenter randomized controlled trials to optimize our surgical revascularization strategies.     

Obesity trends in children,adolescents, and young adults with congenital heart disease

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, age of onset, and risk factors for overweight and obesity in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).
Study Design: Children with CHD who were seen at our institution from 1996 to 2017 were studied. Patients were full-time residents of the United States and were receiving all cardiac care at our institution. Patients were categorized by age and CHD diagnosis. The date of last normal weight for age and the date of first recorded weight in the range of overweight and obese were documented.
Results: Nine hundred sixty-eight patients with CHD were included. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 31.5% and 16.4%, respectively. For patients who became overweight or obese, the last recorded normal weight was between 6 and 10 years of age. Electrophysiologic disease and older age were risk factors for obesity.
Conclusions: Children with CHD have an increasing risk of becoming overweight and obese in early childhood. This study provides important information and identifies critical period to implement preventative measures and counsel families about the risk of obesity in CHD.