脑囊虫病人特异性抗体的类别及其诊断意义的研究

用酶联免疫印渍法（ＥＬＩＢ）对治疗前后的脑囊虫病人、绦虫病人及正常人血清中的特异性ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ及ＩｇＡ进行了检测与分析。显示３种抗体在脑囊虫病人血清中的存在量依次为ＩｇＧ＞ＩｇＭ＞ＩｇＡ。脑囊虫病人ＩｇＧ有２７条在７８～１１ｋＤ间的特异反应带，其中有８条带（分别为：７１、５７、４６、４３、３８、２９、２７、及１３ｋＤ）是经常出现于疗前及疗后６～８．５个月病人的特异性主带，最具诊断意义。单纯绦虫病人７８ｋＤ带出现机会多，这条带在疗后６～８．５个月的脑囊虫病人中亦存在。８１、６７及４９ｋＤ的特异性ＩｇＭ带是诊断脑囊虫病人最特异的指征。３７ｋＤ的多肽抗原只被病人血清中的特异性ＩｇＡ所识别。用ＥＬＩＢ检测胞囊虫病人血清中的特异性ＩｇＭ及ＩｇＡ优于ＥＬＩＳＡ。     

脑囊虫病人血清特异IgG4测定

应用ＭｃＡｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测脑囊虫病人血清特异性ＩｇＧ４抗体,检出率为９３．８３％（１５２／１６２）,ＧＭＲＴ为１：１４２４。其中重度囊虫感染病人的特异ＩｇＧ４检出率为１００％（２９／２９）,ＧＭＲＴ为１：２０９５;中度感染病人为９５．４５％（６３／６６）,ＧＭＲＴ为１：１５１０;轻度感染病人为８９．５５％（６０／６７）;ＧＭＲＴ为１：４００。显示血清特异ＩｇＧ４检出率降为３８．４６％（１０／２６     

检测特异性抗体用于日本血吸虫病疗效考核的研究

为探讨特异性ＩｇＧ及其亚类对日本血吸虫病的疗效考核价值,用直接ＥＬＩＳＡ及间接ＥＬＩＳＡ 方法检测了２６４ 份治疗前和治疗后不同时间慢性血吸虫病病人以及５０ 份正常人血清中虫卵抗原（ＳＥＡ）和成虫抗原（ＡＷＡ）特异性ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＧ１ 和ＩｇＧ４。结果ＩｇＧＳＥＡ 及ＩｇＧ４ＳＥＡ在治疗后３ 个月出现有显著意义的下降且于治疗后１２ 个月降至正常;ＡＷＡ特异性抗体均于治疗后６ 个月才下降,其中仅ＩｇＧ４ＡＷＡ 于治疗后１２ 个月降至正常;ＩｇＧ４ＳＥＡ／ＡＷＡ 在治疗后１２ 个月时的阴转率最高（９７．７ ％） ,ＩｇＧＳＥＡ 次之（７５％ ）。表明治疗后ＳＥＡ 特异性ＩｇＧ 及ＩｇＧ４ 下降较ＡＷＡ特异性抗体快;ＩｇＧ４ 为一短期抗体,尤其ＩｇＧ４ＳＥＡ,可作为判断日本血吸虫病是否治愈的指标。     

ELISA对幽门螺杆菌感染血清IgG,IgA,IgM抗体检测的诊断价值

应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对无选择性作内镜检查的９０例患者血清，分别作抗ＨＰＩｇＧ，ＩｇＡ，ＩｇＭ特异性抗体的检测，同时与胃粘膜活检组织块的镜检，培养，快速尿素酶试验的结果进行比较。ＥＬＩＳＡ检测结果显示血清ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＡ，ＩｇＭ抗体的阳性率分虽为７１．１％（６４／９０），５６．６％（５１／９０），５６．６％（５１／９０），ＩｇＧ检出率均高于检法６５．６％％（５９／９０），尿素酶试验５５．     

脑囊虫病人特异性抗体的类别及其诊断意义的研究

用酶联免疫印渍法（ＥＬＩＢ）对治疗前后的脑囊虫病人，绦虫病人及正常人血清中的特异性ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ及ＩｇＡ进行检测与分析，显示３种抗体在脑囊虫病人血清中的存在量依次为ＩｇＧ〉ＩｇＭ〉ＩｇＡ。脑囊虫病人ＩｇＧ有２７条在７８～１１ｋＤ间的特异反应带，其中有８条带（分别为：７１、５７、４６、４３、３８、２９、２７、及１３ｋＤ）是经常出现于疗前及疗后６～８．５个月病人的特异性主带，最具诊断意义，单纯涤虫病人     

检测特异性抗体用于日本血吸虫病疗效考核的研究

为探讨特异性ＩｇＧ及其亚类对日本血吸虫病的疗效考核价值，用直接ＥＬＩＳＡ及７间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测了２６４份治疗前和治疗后不同时间慢性血吸虫病病人以及５０份正常人血清中虫卵抗原（ＳＥＡ）和成虫抗原（ＡＷＡ）特异性ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＧ１和ＩｇＧ４。结果ＩｇＧ－ＳＥＡ及ＩｇＧ４－ＳＥＡ在治疗后３个月出现有显著意义的下降且于治疗后１２个月降至正常；ＡＷＡ特异性抗体均于治疗后６个月才下降，其中仅ＩｇＧ４－ＡＷＡ     

日本血吸虫31／32kDa循环免疫复合物的检测及其在疾病 …

检测血吸虫循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ）有助于提高疾病的检出率。利用抗血吸虫单克隆抗体Ｈ２２６和碱性磷酸酶标记的羊抗人ＩｇＧ（Ｆｃ）作捕捉ＥＬＩＳＡ，检测Ｅ要血吸虫病患者血清ＣＩＣ，其阳性检出率为９２．２％，其中，ＥＰＧ〈１００的病人阳性检出主继９０．０％，ＥＰＧ〉１００的病人阳性检出率为９５．５％，两者无显著性差异。由于羊抗人ＩｇＧ Ｆｃ段能与ＣＩＣ中人ＩｇＧ的Ｆｃ段特异性结合，因此不驻省去了常规分离     

抗－HEV免疫吸印法的建立及应用

应用ＨＥＶ基因结构区的重组融合蛋白，建立了免疫吸印法（ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ．ＷＢ）检测抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＧ，并与现行的酶联免疫试验（ＥＩＡ）进行了比较。结果表明，ＷＢ检出戊型肝炎暴发点急性肝炎病人血清抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＧ的阳性率（６８／７３，９３．２％）高于现行的ＥＩＡ（５１／７３，７００％），对实验感染猕猴抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＧ检出率前者也高于后者（分别为７／７和５／７），且检出抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＧ时间较长，滴度也较高。对多种对照血清检测结果表明，除５０％（３／５８）的丙型肝炎血清呈阳性外，甲型、乙型、ＥＢＶ、ＣＷＶ肝炎及健康人血清均为阴性，说明该法具有良好的灵敏度和特异性，可望用于流行病学调查和基础研究，也可用于疑是戊型肝炎病例的确诊     

结核病患者血清中利福平特异IgG IgM检测及其意义

用利福平－蛋白偶联物为抗原，用酶联免疫吸附（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法对１２８例口服利福平的结核病患者作了血清利福平特异ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ测定并初步探讨其临床意义。发现在无利福平接触史的健康人及未用过利福平的核病人血清中，均未检出利福平特异抗体；在服利福平但无不良反应的病人中，８．０％的病人的血清中检出了利福平抗体；而在服利福平出现不良反应的结核病人血清中，抗体总检出率为３９．３％，显著高于无不良反应组（Ｐ＜０．     

抗独特型抗体作为日本血吸虫病诊断抗原的研究

本研究用单克隆抗独特型抗体ＮＰ３０作为抗原，进行ＥＬＩＳＡ检测日本血吸虫血清抗体，与用肠相关抗原ＧＡＡ和可溶性虫卵抗原ＳＥＡ对照，检测１００份急性病人血清，ＮＰ３０检出率为９５％；ＧＡＡ为９２％；ＳＥＡ为９７％，三埂无显著差别，５２例慢性病人中ＮＰ３０与ＧＡＡ检出率均为７３．１％，但与ＳＥＡ９４．２％有显著差别，在４０例已治愈病人中，ＮＰ３０转阴率为４２．５％与ＧＡＡ的４５％无差别。但ＳＥＡ仅为１     

大鼠对旋毛虫再感染的抵抗力实验观察

目的 研究实验感染旋毛虫（韩国分离株）的大鼠对成虫和肌期幼虫阶段感染的保护性免疫和IgG，IgG1，IgG2a抗体反应。 方法 46只大鼠随机分为7组，其中2组（A1、A2组， 共10只）用于观察成虫阶段引起的保护性免疫，B组（B1、B2组， 共14只）用于观察肌期幼虫阶段引起的保护性免疫，C组（C1、C2组，共17只）为感染对照组，D组（5只）为正常对照组。A、B和C组分别每鼠感染1 000条旋毛虫肌幼虫，分别于感染后第7天（A1、 A2组）和第30天（B1、B2组），用氟苯咪唑治疗（20 mg/kg，10 d）。治疗后第10天，A和B组每鼠再次感染500条旋毛虫肌幼虫，于感染后第7天剖杀A1和B1组大鼠，检测肠道内成虫数，于感染后第30天剖杀A2和B2组大鼠，检测横膈膜内肌期幼虫数，同时分别剖杀感染对照组和正常对照组大鼠。每组同期取血，ELISA检测特异性IgG、IgG1和IgG2a抗体水平。结果 旋毛虫成虫阶段对成虫和肌幼虫的保护性免疫分别为100%和99.96%，肌幼虫阶段对成虫和肌幼虫的保护性免疫分别为99.92%和99.89%。肌幼虫感染阶段抗肌幼虫分泌排泄抗原的特异性IgG、IgG1和IgG2a抗体与正常对照组（分别为0.5、 0.1和0.1）和成虫感染阶段（分别为0.5、 0.09和0.09）比较，抗体反应均显著增高（分别为3.0、2.2和0.8）（P<0.01）。且幼虫期抗肌幼虫分泌排泄抗原特异性IgG1抗体（2.2）显著高于特异性IgG2a抗体（0.8）（P<0.01）。 结论 旋毛虫的成虫和肌幼虫阶段的感染均对成虫和幼虫的再感染产生保护性免疫。     

Interferon-gamma and the induction of protective lgG2a antibodies in non-lethal Plasmodium berghei infections of mice

Mice treated with anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibodies were unable to recover from infection with an attenuated variant of P. berghei (Pb XAT) which causes non-lethal malaria in normal mice. On the other hand, treatment with anti-lL-4 monoclonal antibodies had no effect on the course of infection. IFN-gamma was produced by spleen cells in vitro during the early phase of the infection. Treatment with anti-IFN-gamma suppressed development of an anti-plasmodial IgG2a immunoglobulin isotype in the serum of infected mice whereas anti-IL-4 interfered with the IgGl response. An lgG2a fraction of immune serum collected from mice that had recovered from Pb XA T transferred immunity to naive mice but the IgGl fraction did not. When glutaraldehyde fixed parasitized erythrocytes were incubated with immune serum in suspension, specific IgG2a antibodies were detected by fluorescein staining on the membranes of cells infected with mature stages of parasites. These results indicate that IFN-gamma is a key to inducing B cells to produce the protective anti-plasmodial IgG2a immunoglobulin isotype. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated parasite killing seems to be involved in the mechanism of recovery from infection with Pb XAT.     

旋毛虫感染小鼠IgG、IL-2和T淋巴细胞亚群动态变化的观察

目的　了解小鼠感染旋毛虫后 Ig G抗体水平、IL - 2分泌量和 T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化。方法　分别于旋毛虫感染后第 7、14、2 1、2 8和 35天 ,采用 EL ISA方法检测血清特异性 Ig G抗体水平和 IL- 2含量 ,采用流式细胞仪检测 CD4+、CD8+T细胞百分率。结果　 Ig G抗体水平在感染后逐渐上升 ,感杂后 35天达最高值 ;T淋巴细胞的变化表现为 CD4+T细胞减少、CD8+T细胞增多 ,CD4+/ CD8+细胞比值下降 ,以感染后第 14天最为显著 ,直到感染后第 35天仍未见恢复。IL - 2分泌量以感染后第 7天达高峰 ,然后迅速下降 ,到感染后第 35天低于正常组。讨论　旋毛虫感染的急性期 ,小鼠出现免疫抑制现象。抗旋毛虫感染的保护性免疫是由细胞免疫与体液免疫协同完成的。     

嗜中性粒细胞及单核细胞介导的细胞毒效应在旋毛虫病免疫机理中的作用

目的探讨嗜中性粒细胞（Neutrophil，Neu）、单核细胞（Monocyte，Mon）介导的细胞毒效应在旋毛虫病免疫机理中的作用。方法采用ELISA检测总IgE、特异性IgE、总IgG和特异性IgG，然后取IgE和IgG高检测值时相的血清为免疫血清，以CO2培养法观察免疫血清对Neu、Mon杀伤旋毛虫肌幼虫的影响。结果大鼠感染旋毛虫后2周和3周，血清特异性IgE最高，感染后5周，特异性IgG阳性率最高。在免疫血清存在时，无论感染鼠还是正常鼠的Neu和Mon对旋毛虫幼虫均有很强的杀伤作用，但感染鼠Neu的作用更强。孵育48 h时，Neu和Mon对旋毛虫肌幼虫的杀伤率分别为42.1%和23.0%。结论大鼠感染旋毛虫后，血清总IgE与特异性IgE、总IgG与特异性IgG同步增加;在免疫血清存在的情况下，Neu和Mon均有杀伤旋毛虫肌幼虫的作用，但感染鼠Neu的作用更强;Neu和Mon发挥杀伤旋毛虫肌幼虫作用时主要依赖的是IgG。     

Characterization of humoral immune response in the serum and bile of patients with opisthorchiasis and its application in immunodiagnosis

The humoral immune response in patients with opisthorchiasis was investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgG antibody reactive with Opisthorchis viverrini antigens was present in the serum of all patients. The infection also stimulated specific IgA and IgE antibody responses in most patients and, in practically all patients, there was a marked increase of total IgE. There was a moderate but significant correlation between serum IgG antibody level and severity of infection as judged from the quantity of eggs in the stool of the patients. There was also a significant elevation of antibody in the bile and serum of O. viverrini-infected patients who also had biliary obstruction. Analysis of paired samples from individual patients showed that while IgG was the predominant class of antibody in the serum of all patients, IgA was present at approximately the same level as IgG or higher in the bile of many patients. In addition to IgA and IgG antibodies, IgE antibody was also detectable in 50% of the bile samples. The high level of IgA antibody in the bile together with its presence in association with the secretory component suggested a selective transport and/or local production of IgA antibody by the hepatobiliary system of these patients.     

Humoral immune responses in human infection with the whipworm Trichuris trichiura

The humoral immune response to infection with Trichuris trichirua was investigated by ELISA and immunoblotting using human sera from the Caribbean island of St Lucia. Immunoblot analysis of the degree of cross-reactivity with the related trichuroid Trichinella spiralis and with the other commonly co-existent nematodes, Ascaris lumbricoides and Toxocara canis, was carried out using selected sera. The IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgG subclass antibody levels were measured in ELISA using a detergent solubilized extract of adult T. trichiura. The IgG and IgE responses were highly Trichuris specific. Anti-T. trichiura IgM responses were totally cross-reactive with A. lumbricoides and were completely ablated by pre-incubation of sera with Ascaris antigen. The IgG response was predominantly of the IgG1 subclass with a minimal IgG3 response. Only 1 person out of 130 tested had a detectable IgG3 response. The IgG2 response appeared to be directed primarily against carbohydrate or polysaccharide antigens as pre-treatment of the ELISA plates with poly-L-lysine was necessary before a response could be detected. These data are the first demonstration of human isotypic responses to infection with T. trichiura.     

旋毛虫感染病兔抗体动态的研究

以旋毛虫成囊期幼虫的盐水浸出液为抗原，用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测人工感染旋毛虫病兔ＩｇＧ抗体的反应动态。结果表明：１，特异性抗体水平与感染度呈正相关且重感染组的特异性抗体比轻感染组早３ｄ检出。２．抗体水平随感染时间的延长而增高，从感染后７７ｄ起明显下降但可持续４个月之久。     

旋毛虫幼虫抗原接种小鼠诱发保护性免疫的研究

本文就旋毛虫幼虫可溶性抗原接种小鼠诱发保护性免疫进行了研究,结果:两组免疫小鼠的成虫减虫率分别为41.3％和34.7％,肌肉幼虫的减虫率61.5％和44.8％,抗旋毛虫抗体水平明显升高,GMRT比对照组高119倍。免疫组的白细胞移动率为57％和63％,血液嗜酸性粒细胞显著增多,肌肉幼虫囊包周围炎症反应面积增大。实验表明旋毛虫幼虫可溶性抗原可诱发特异性细胞免疫和体液免疫,对攻击感染具有明显的保护作用。     

The role of CD4 cells in protective immunity to Brugia pahangi

The BALB/c mouse immunized sub-cutaneously (s.c.) with 45 kRad attenuated third stage larvae (L₃) of the lymphatic filarial nematode Brugia pahangi is strongly immune to a challenge infection (75–100% reduction in recovery at day six post challenge). Analysis of spleen cell supernatants from immunized mice re-stimulated in vitro, with parasite antigen or the non specific T cell mitogen Con-A reveals a cytokine profile (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-9) which indicates that the Th2 subset of CD4 cells has been expanded. In an attempt to formally prove a critical role for CD4 cells in immunity in this model system, immunized mice were given either anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 neutralizing antibodies. Administration of anti-CD4 antibody had a significant and detrimental effect on the immune response whereas anti-CD8 antibody had a negligible effect on immunity. The efficacy of antibody in neutralizing their target cells was determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis (FACS). Spleen cells from anti-CD4 treated immunized mice, when re-stimulated with parasite antigen had a significantly reduced potential to secrete IL-4, IL-5 and IL-9 in vitro and serum from these mice had reduced levels of parasite specific IgG and IgE. These results demonstrate a critical role for CD4 T cells in host protective immunity to B. pahangi in vivo and strongly suggest that some component of the Th2 response plays an important role in the immune response elicited in this model system.     

The influence of the procedure of excretory-secretory L1 trichinella spiralis antigen preparation on the efficiency of an ELISA test in pigs

BACKGROUND: Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis transmitted to humans by consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals infected by worms of the Trichinella genus. Every year seropositive cases are found among the human population and thus trichinellosis still remains an epidemiologically important disease in Poland. The usefulness of ELISA for anti-T. spiralis IgG detection in pigs is still limited by the nature of antigen. The objective in the present study was to compare the usefulness of excretory-secretory antigens of L1 T. spiralis for the serological detection of IgG antibodies in pigs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The antigens were prepared in different laboratories: Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) in Germany, Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) in Italy and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis in Poland. Conventional, Iberian pigs were infected with 200, 1000 and 20 000 muscle larvae of T. spiralis. Serum samples were obtained at 5 and 1 dbi (day before infection), and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 dpi (day post infection) and screened for specific IgG antibodies to excretory-secretory L1 T. spiralis antigens. Serum samples were obtained from the EU project TRICHIPORSE. The cut-off value of ELISA was determined on serum samples from 248 Trichinella-free pigs from Poznaii and Boza Wola, that were examined by artificial digestion. RESULTS: In pigs infected with 200 L1 T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG were detectable from 50 dpi, when the Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) was used, whereas when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis were used, the specific IgG were detectable from 40 dpi. In pigs infected with 1000 LI T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG was observed from 30 dpi when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis were used, but when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) was used specific IgG were detectable from 40 dpi. In the group infected with the highest dose of T. spiralis larvae, specific IgG were detectable from 30 dpi when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (N) and Ag ES L1 T. spiralis (W) were used, whereas when Ag ES L1 T. spiralis was used specific IgG were detectable from 20 dpi. The results strongly indicated that in the examined pigs, the specific IgG response against T. spiralis infection is dose dependent. Furthermore, it was shown that the high infectious dose induced earlier increasing of specific IgG response. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between OD values obtained in procedures based on the three antigens. The results were statistically repeatable for procedures and for single pigs (P<0.01).