低场磁共振胰胆管水成像55例临床分析

目的评价低场强磁共振（MR）水成像的临床应用价值。方法胆道系统阻塞病变55例使用GESig—naprofile0．2T磁共振设备，先进行腹部常规MR扫描，包括T1WI、T2 WI轴位和T2WI冠状位。磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）采用屏气、单次激发快速自旋回波（SSFSE），HTT2WI脉冲序列，二维数据采集成像。检查前禁食水12小时，并训练患者呼吸度。结果55例MRCP图像清楚显示了梗阻部位及狭窄形态，43例与手术病理对照，其中36例符合，准确率为85％。结论MRCP显示胰胆管系统，图像清晰直观，能够多角度、多方位显示肝内外胆管解剖和病变的形态，有助于阻塞性黄疸的定位定性诊断。     

口服枸橼酸铁铵在磁共振胰胆管成像中的应用

目的研究口服枸橼酸铁铵(FAC)在磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)中的应用价值。方法对26例患者在口服FAC前,口服后5min、10min、15min分别行MRCP检查。对各组MRCP图像依据胃肠液干扰信号的多少及胰胆管结构的显示质量分别行分级及比较,并分析其相关性。结果服药后各期的胃肠液干扰信号均明显少于服药前(P<0.05)。胰管的显示质量在服药后各组均优于服药前(P<0.05),并与胃肠液干扰信号的量有相关性(r=0.615,P<0.01)。肝总管、胆总管及胆囊的显示质量在服药前后各组间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结论使用枸橼酸铁铵可有效消除MRCP图像中的胃肠液干扰信号,明显改善图像质量。     

口服枸橼酸铁铵前后MRCP的临床应用

目的探讨口服枸橼酸铁铵前、后MRCP的临床应用价值.方法对86例怀疑胆胰系病变者行口服枸橼酸铁铵前、后MRCP及常规MRI,对服用对比剂前后MRCP图像质量、服药前MRCP与综合服药前、后MRCP诊断准确率进行自身对照研究.结果服用对比剂后MRCP图像质量明显提高(P<0.001);结合常规MRI,综合服药前、后MRCP对胆胰系病变的定位、定性诊断准确率均较服药前MRCP高(P<0.05). 结论口服枸橼酸铁铵能明显提高MRCP的成像质量;综合服药前、后MRCP对诊断胆胰系病变具有重要的临床应用价值.     

口服复锐明在低场磁共振诊断肝外胆管梗阻病变中的应用及评价

目的探讨口服复锐明在低场磁共振诊断肝外胆管梗阻病变中的诊断价值。方法40例受检患者随机归入本次研究，在口服复锐明（枸橼酸铁铵）前后分别行磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）检查。结果口服复锐明后，MRCP图像级别显著提高，达到诊断要求的图像由用药前的7．5％升至用药后的85．0％。用药前后图像级别变化差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论口服复锐明对低场磁共振诊断肝外胆管梗阻病变具有重要价值，对MRCP图像质量改善具有一定意义。     

低场磁共振胰胆管水成像在胆道梗阻疾病中的应用80例分析

目的通过分析低场磁共振胰胆管水成像的影像学表现,探讨其在胆道梗阻疾病中的应用价值。方法收集临床梗阻性黄疸患者80例,均行腹部常规MRI扫描,包括T1WI、T2WI轴位。磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）采用屏气、单次激发快速自旋回波序列,二维数据采集成像。结果 80例MRCP图像清楚显示了梗阻部位及狭窄形态,62例与手术病理对照,其中52例符合,准确率为83.8%。结论 MRCP显示胰胆管系统,图像清晰直观,能够多角度、多方位显示肝内外胆管解剖和病变的形态,有助于阻塞性黄疸的定位定性诊断。     

口服联合静脉注射钆喷酸葡胺改善磁共振胰胆管成像图像质量及临床应用

目的：评价口服联合静脉注射钆喷酸葡胺（Gd—DTPA）增强在抑制胃肠道高信号及腹部小血管高信号中的作用,改善磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）图像质量以提高对胰胆管病变的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法：在体外及临床实验的基础上．选取2mL静脉用Gd—DTPA配制成100mL浓度为0．01mol／L的稀释液作为最佳浓度和容量的MRCP口服用胃肠道阴性对比剂。对21例疑有胰胆管病变的患者行联合口服及静脉注射Gd—DTPA增强后10min行MRCP检查．分析增强前后胰胆管及病变的显示情况。结果：21例患者口服联合Gd-DTPA增强MRCP图像上,来自胰胆管树背景上的小血管信号影以及胃、十二指肠内潴留液高信号被明显抑制．肝脏和胰腺实质信号强度显著降低,使得胰胆管树各解剖结构的对比度提高,显示更加清楚,图像质量较口服联合Gd—DTPA增强前明显改善。结论：对于明确或高度怀疑有胰胆管病变的患者,口服联合静脉注射Gd—DTPA增强能抑制胃、十二指肠内潴留液的高信号以及胰胆管树背景上的小血管信号,能进一步改善MRCP图像质量,结合动态增强T1WI能为胰胆管病变的诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多帮助。     

磁共振胰胆管成像与常规扫描诊断胆系结石的对照研究

目的：对比探讨磁共振胰胆管成像及其原始图像与磁共振常规扫描诊断胆系结石的价值。方法：应用1．0T超导MRI扫描仪对55例患者（36例胆囊结石和19例胆总管结石）行重T2加权多次激发FSE序列（HT2-FSE）磁共振胰胆管成像扫描及常规轴面FSE序列MRI T1WI及T2WI扫描。结果：磁共振胰胆管成像的最大强度投影图像能清晰显示肝内、外胆管及扩张胰管的形态结构。多数较大的胆系结石在磁共振胰胆管成像原始图像及MRI常规T2WI图像上可很好地显示，但常在最大强度投影图像被掩盖；较小的胆系结石在磁共振胰胆管成像的最大强度投影图像及MRI常规T2WI图像均难以准确显示，而仅在磁共振胰胆管成像原始图像上显示。结论：磁共振胰胆管成像原始图和最大强度投影图像以及磁共振常规扫描是分析、诊断胆系结石的一个有机整体，不能仅仅依靠某一种成像技术作出诊断。     

磁共振胰胆管成像的临床诊断评价

目的：总结300例磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP），评价诊断价值，提出MRCP“断桥”征是诊断肝门胆管癌的特征。方法：收集5年来连续性所做的300例MRCP。使用东芝公司1.5T MR机。所有病人均先行B超或CT，MR常规采用横轴位T1WI，T2WI，2DFASE，3D FASE。必要时加做T2WI压脂序列和横轴位薄层无间隔扫描。结果：300例中图像质量达优级占75％，一般占23％，差占2％。98％能满足临床诊断。MRCP中不论是2D FASE或3D FASE均必须结合MR平扫以及实时分析3D FASE原始图像，才能获得全面的诊断信息。结论：MRCP已成为诊断胰胆管疾病的重要方法，并逐渐替代诊断性的PTC和ERCP。     

磁共振胰胆管成像技术的临床应用

目的探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对胆道梗阻性疾病的临床应用价值.方法通过对52例梗阻性黄疸患者术前行MRCP检查,同时对比US、CT、直接胰胆管造影及手术病理结果对照分析,评价胆道梗阻性疾病的影像学对比研究.结果 52例MRCP检查均一次成功,胰胆管显示满意,其效果类似于直接胰胆管造影图像.MRCP可显示各种良恶性胆道梗阻性病变影像学特征,对梗阻程度判断和定位诊断准确率为100%,定性诊断准确率为88.4%.结论 MRCP成像技术为重T2WI扫描,检查成功率高,胰胆管显示清晰,对各种梗阻性黄疸的临床应用适应证广泛,与常规MRI结合能提高胰胆管梗阻性疾病的影像学诊断水平.     

口服钆喷酸葡胺在磁共振胰胆管成像中的应用

目的：探讨口服钆喷酸葡胺在磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）中的应用价值。方法：把40例黄疸患者分为服对比剂和未服对比剂2组进行扫描，比较MRCP定位诊断的正确率。结果：服对比剂组胃肠道内的高信号液体大部分或完全被钆喷酸葡胺抑制，胰胆管显示清晰，有利于诊断，未服对比剂组胃肠道内的液体为高信号，当其有较多液体时，胰胆管背景区的高信号对图像干扰较大，严重影响胰胆管的显示。结论：口服钆喷酸葡胺后行MRCP检查，可有效抑制胃肠道内液体，明显提高MRCP图像的质量。     

Nonenhanced magnetic resonance imaging of mild acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) is not always effective for demonstrating mild acute pancreatitis, and the intravenous administration of iodine contrast medium is harmful to the inflamed pancreas. The goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of nonenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the depiction of mild acute pancreatitis. METHODS: We performed T1-weighted imaging with a short echo time, T2-weighted imaging, and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in 12 patients with mild acute pancreatitis. Nonenhanced CT and contrast-enhanced CT were always performed before the MR studies. RESULTS: T1- and T2-weighted MR images using a breath-hold or respiratory-triggered technique produced clearer images of the inflamed pancreas than did CT. Peripancreatic fat necrosis was shown by both methods. Although MRCP demonstrated no abnormalities of the pancreatic duct, it demonstrated stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct. CONCLUSIONS: Nonenhanced MR imaging was superior to CT for depiction and confirmation of mild acute pancreatitis.     

肝脏及上腹部MRI扫描序列的应用价值

目的通过对六种扫描序列的分析与评价以期达到发现中低场强中最有价值的扫描序列及序列组合的目的.方法对26名临床怀疑肝脏病变的患者进行了MR检查,均应用了快速自旋回波(TSE)的T2加权像,快速梯度回波(TFE)的反相位T1加权像,快速自旋回波加脂肪抑制的T2加权像,标准自旋回波(SE)的T1和T2加权像,快速梯度回波(TFE)的动态增强扫描等六种扫描序列,对各序列的图像质量及腹部常见正常结构的显示进行了分析和评价.结果快速自旋回波(TSE)T2加权像图像质量最好,24/26例(92%)选择了这一扫描序列,其次为标准自旋回波(SE)的T1加权像,6/26例选择了这一扫描序列.图像质量最差的序列为标准自旋回波(SE)T2加权像(24/24,100%).其他三种扫描序列的图像质量则介于上述三种序列之间.经统计学分析TSE的T2加权像与其他五种扫描序列在图像质量上均存在显著差异(P＜0.005).结论腹部病变常规应做标准自旋回波T1加权像,快速自旋回波T2加权像,快速自旋回波加脂肪抑制和梯度回波反相位这四种序列,病变鉴别有困难时则可加做标准自旋回波的多回波序列和快速梯度回波的动态增强扫描序列.     

MR cholangiopancreatography in malignant biliary obstruction.

Malignant lesions of the biliary tract are a frequent occurrence, typically presenting with clinical findings of obstructive jaundice. The authors discuss the role of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) as a second level diagnostic technique, which can provide information regarding not only the location, but also the cause of the obstruction. This can be obtained if MRCP is considered as part of a complete study of the upper abdomen, with acquisition of T1- and T2-weighted images. The "all-in-one" approach may provide the identification, characterization, and staging of the lesion, giving the clinician all the information necessary for the planning of adequate treatment. Typical MR features of cholangiocarcinoma are provided, as well as conventional MR and MRCP findings in pancreatic carcinoma, periampullary carcinoma, and biliary obstruction secondary to hilar lymphadenopathy and metastatic lesions.     

胰腺癌MRI各征象的诊断价值

目的观察磁共振成像(MRI)中胰腺癌各征象及其组合对胰腺癌诊断的价值。方法因胰腺及其周围疾病手术患者80例,胰腺癌及非胰腺癌各40例。均在术前1个月内进行全面的MR检查。以选定MRI征象或其组合为参考标准,诊断为胰腺癌。结果与手术及病理检查报告对比,进行统计分析,画出ROC曲线。结果应用动态对比增强诊断胰腺癌效果较好,40例胰腺癌发现36例,在40例其他疾病中有6例被错误地归类至胰腺癌。其敏感性、特异性和正确性分别为90%、85%和87.5%。应用磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)检查,以胰管非穿透性扩张为指标,特异性95%,敏感性52.5%。结论动态对比增强检查在应用MRI诊断胰腺癌时非常重要,在动态对比增强的MRI图像中发现病灶呈轻度或无强化是诊断胰腺癌的较好指标。MRCP对胰头癌诊断很有必要,如发现胰腺改变并有胰管非穿透性扩张,则诊断基本可以确立。     

MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinomas with biliary tumor thrombi

We retrospectively evaluate the MR imaging findings of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) with biliary tumor thrombi. MR imaging was performed on six patients presenting with obstructive jaundice and/or biliary hemorrhage. T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and dynamic MR images were obtained. Duodenal endoscopy was performed on all cases and hepatic resection on two cases. HCCs were 1.8–10 cm in diameter (mean 5.8 cm). Biliary tumor thrombi were detected in all patients on MR imaging. Tumor thrombi showed hypointensity on T1-weighted images, hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, and contrast enhancement on the early phase of dynamic MR images. MRCP showed intrahepatic bile duct dilatation in all cases. Biliary hemorrhage was clearly depicted by MR images in five cases and showed hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity or hypointensity on T2-weighted images. Biliary hemorrhage was confirmed by endoscopy in two cases. Portal vein thrombi were also associated in five of six patients. Pathologically, tumor thrombi of HCCs were demonstrated in two patients who underwent hepatic resection. In conclusion, MR imaging is useful for the diagnosis of biliary tumor thrombi from HCC and for evaluating the extension of thrombi and biliary hemorrhage.     

双管征与四管征在磁共振胰胆管成像中的诊断价值

目的：探讨MRCP征象中双管征与四管征对十二指肠乳头癌与胰头癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法：用Marconi 1．5T磁共振成像仪对114例拟诊十二指肠乳头癌或胰头癌患者进行常规MRI及MRCP检查。结果：本组114例中十二指肠乳头癌48例，胰头癌66例，均经手术和／或病理证实。MRCP表现为肝内胆管扩张呈“软藤征”占82．5％（94／114）；82．6％（71／86）的十二指肠乳头癌或胰头癌显示“双管征”，42．4％（28／66）的胰头癌显示为“四管征”。结论：MRCP图像中“软藤征”、“双管征”是恶性梗阻性黄疸的常见征象；“四管征”为胰头癌的一个特异性征象。     

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: MRI/MRCP in staging and treatment planning

The role of MR imaging in hilar cholangiocarcinoma is to confirm/reach a diagnosis and to assess resectability. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma shows the same signal intensity pattern of peripheral tumors both on T1- and T2-weighted images. On magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images, hilar cholangiocarcinoma appears as a moderately irregular thickening of the bile duct wall (5 mm) with symmetric upstream dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. The aim of preoperative investigation in Klatskin tumors typically requires the evaluation of the level of biliary obstruction, the intrahepatic tumor spread, and the vascular involvement; it also needs to show any atrophy-hypertrophy complex. Because of its intrinsic high tissue contrast and multiplanar capability, MR imaging and MRCP are able to detect and preoperatively assess patients with cholangiocarcinoma, investigating all involved structures such as bile ducts, vessels and hepatic parenchyma. The main reason for surgical/imaging discrepancy is represented by the microscopic diffusion along the mucosa and in the perineural space.