低密度脂蛋白对人肾小球系膜细胞产生炎性介质的影响

目的：探讨脂蛋白在肾小球损伤中的作用，观察人低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）对体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞（ＧＭＣ）产生活性氧（ＲＯＳ）、血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）和乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的影响，并与经ＬＤＬ刺激后ＧＭＣ的增殖水平相比较。方法：将ＧＭＣ加或不加ＬＤＬ刺激，分别收集３０ｍｉｎ、１８ｈ或４８ｈ后的上清，测定其Ｈ２Ｏ２、Ｏ２＾、ＴＮＦ、ＰＡＦ和ＬＤＨ的水平，以四唑蓝（ＭＴＴ）摄入     

高胰岛素对人类肾小球系膜细胞的影响

有报道胰岛素可以导致大鼠肾小球系膜中纤维连接蛋白 (Ｆｎ)堆积[1] ,提示高胰岛素血症可能在糖尿病肾病 (ＤＮ)发生发展中有其作用。本研究拟建立人类肾小球系膜细胞 (ＧＭＣ)培养 ,观察高胰岛素对人类ＧＭＣ增生及Ｆｎ生成 ,ＧＭＣ内游离Ｃａ2 ([Ｃａ2 ]ｉ)水平的影响 ,以探讨ＤＮ发病机制及其防治的实验依据。1　材料和方法[2 ]1.1　ＧＭＣ培养及鉴定　取人类肾移植废弃肾的肾皮质 ,筛网法分离肾小球 ;含 10 %灭活小牛血清的ＲＰＭＩ 16 4 0培养 ,消化传代及细胞鉴定。实验中使用第 4～ 8代细胞。1.2　实验分组　按培养液中胰岛素浓度…     

高密度脂蛋白对肾小球系膜细胞损伤的保护作用

利用体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞，观察了高密度脂蛋白对其生长、释放血小板活化因子和乳酸脱氢酶的影响，同时还研究了高密度脂蛋白对低密度脂蛋白所致系膜细胞增殖的影响。结果发现，高密度脂蛋白有轻度抑制系膜细胞增殖的作用，几乎不增加细胞血小板活化因子和乳酸脱氢酶的释放。低密度脂蛋白浓度为球系膜细胞的损伤有一定保护作用，至少不增加低这旨蛋白的肾毒性。     

肿瘤坏死因子与肾小球系膜细胞的关系

本文在体外培养的大鼠系膜细胞中，加入ｒＴＮＦα，观察培养的系膜细胞ＤＮＡ合成的变化，以及其合成和分泌ＴＮＦα及ＥＴ－１的变化；并通过一侧大鼠肾动脉内注射ｒＴＮＦα，观察肾脏的病变。结果证明，ＴＮＦα对系膜细胞有促进增生的作用，并使系膜细胞的自分泌功能增强。     

细胞间粘附分子对巨噬细胞促进肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨细胞间粘附分子－１对巨噬细胞促进系膜细胞增殖作用的影响。方法：利用体外系膜细胞与巨噬细胞共同培养的方法，通过加入不同剂量的有关抗体，采用Ｏｌｉｖｅｒ法观察细胞增殖的变化。结果：随着抗细胞间粘附分子－１抗体剂量的增加，巨噬细胞促进系膜细胞增殖的作用逐渐减弱，与正常对照组相比差异非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：细胞间粘附分子促进系膜细胞与巨噬细胞之间粘附加强，可能是肾小球系膜增生性炎症改变的     

IL-1对肾小球系膜细胞p27和CDK2表达的影响

肾小球硬化是多种原因引起肾小球损伤后出现的共同转归 ,是肾功能衰竭的主要病理基础。而导致肾小球硬化最主要的原因就是系膜细胞增生和细胞外基质增多 ,其中细胞外基质的增多与系膜细胞增生又密切相关[1] 。因此 ,探讨肾小球系膜细胞增生的内部机制以及如何对其进行调控 ,已成为肾脏病领域的一个研究热点。研究表明 ,细胞周期调控在细胞增生过程中起重要作用 ,而细胞周期又受细胞周期调节蛋白的调控。细胞周期调节蛋白按其功能分为细胞周期正控蛋白和负控蛋白 ,其中细胞周期正控蛋白主要包括周期素 (ｃｙｃｌｉｎ)和周期素依赖激酶 (ｃｙ…     

内皮素对肾小球系膜细胞炎症效应的作用

本文从三个方面观察了内皮素-1(ET-1)对系膜细胞炎症效应的作用,结果表明:①可刺激系膜细胞收缩;②对系膜细胞合成DNA具有刺激作用,而且此作用具有剂量与时间依赖性;③可刺激系膜细胞分泌肿瘤坏死样因子。ET-1对系膜细胞的上述作用,提示它在肾炎发病中可能具有重要意义。     

凝血酶通过内皮素介导刺激肾小球系膜细胞增生

研究内皮素－１在凝血酶刺激有肾小球系膜细胞增生中的作用。方法在培养肾小球系膜细胞中进行试验。（１）ＨＭＣ在凝血酶刺激下增生,呈剂量依赖并与刺激时间有关,当凝血酶１６Ｕ／ｍｌ刺激１６小时时ＨＭＣ增生达高峰;     

血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导肾小球系膜细胞纤维连接蛋白产生？…

目的：观察不同浓度的血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）刺激后系膜细胞ＡｎｇⅡ受体基因表达和分泌纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）的情况，方法：从６日龄人胎肾培养系膜细胞，经ＡｎｇⅡ刺激后用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法检测胎肾系膜细胞ＡＴ１和ＡＴ２受体ｍＲＮＡ的表达情况，分别用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法检测系膜细胞产生的ＦＮ和基因表达。结果：（１）经１０＾－８，１０＾－７，１０＾－６和１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ａ     

血小板活化因子刺激肾小球系膜细胞的自分泌作用

提出了纯金属电阻率的两个简化模型：一个统计模型，一个电子－声子耦合模型。由统计模型可得出；纯金属电阻率与声子深度及声子平均动量的平方成正比。由电子－声子耦合模型得出：电子的散射几率不仅正比于声子数，而且正比于电子－声子的耦合强度。由这两个模型皆能得出纯金属电阻率在高湿时与温度Ｔ成正比，低温时与Ｔ＾５成正比的结果。由电阻率－温度曲线的比较表明，两模型相当吻合。     

EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS CATECHOLAMINES AND EXERCISE ON PLASMA MAGNESIUM CONCENTRATIONS

Catecholamines and physical exercise are known to influence the metabolism of several minerals in man, but the effects on magnesium (Mg) have been scarcely investigated. In the present study, infusion of adrenaline (5 micrograms/min for 30 min followed by 10 micrograms/min for 30 minutes) significantly reduced the plasma Mg levels in healthy males. This effect was abolished by simultaneous infusion of propranolol. Noradrenaline had no such effect. In order to stimulate endogenous catecholamine release healthy males carried out physical exercise in four different ways: ergometer bicycling at maximum load until exhaustion with and without oral beta-blockade, ergometer bicycling with stepwise increasing load until exhaustion, isokinetic maximal exercise with one leg, with blood sampling both from the venous effluent of the exercising leg and the opposite resting arm and long-term (60 min) steady state ergometer bicycling at approximately 65% of estimated maximum capacity. During short-term (less than 20 min) intense exercise (i.e. experiments 1-3) the plasma Mg concentrations were increased. This was probably due to a reduction of plasma volume and to an influx of Mg to the vascular pool. During long-term steady state exercise (experiment 4) the Mg levels were not significantly affected but decreased during the first hour of recovery. These results suggest that both the beta-adrenergic system and muscular activity by itself affect Mg homeostasis.     

移植肾功能早期恢复对移植物长期存活的影响

目的：回顾性分析３４５ 例肾移植患者早期肾功能变化,探讨肾移植术后肾功能恢复正常所需时间长短对移植肾长期存活的影响。　方法：根据本组肾功能恢复正常平均时间为９ 天,分为即刻肾功能恢复（ Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ,术后９ 天内血肌酐降至正常） 、缓慢肾功能恢复（ Ｓ Ｇ Ｆ,大于９ 天后血肌酐才正常） 和肾功能未能恢复正常（ Ａ Ｇ Ｆ） 三组,通过 Ｋａｐｌａｎ Ｍｅｉｅｒ 方法分别计算包括急性排斥（ Ａ Ｒ） 、肾功能延迟恢复（ Ｄ Ｇ Ｆ） 和不考虑 Ａ Ｒ, Ｄ Ｇ Ｆ 时的移植肾短期和长期生存率。　结果： Ｓ Ｇ Ｆ和 Ａ Ｇ Ｆ 组患者有较高 Ａ Ｒ 和 Ｄ Ｇ Ｆ 发生率,但不管是否存在 Ａ Ｒ 和 Ｄ Ｇ Ｆ, Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ 组患者移植肾长期存活率明显高于其它两组。　结论：移植肾功能早期恢复时间及能否恢复正常明显影响移植物长期生存率。     

辛伐他汀对大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞的影响

目的：研究３－羟基－３－甲基戊二酰辅酶Ａ（ＨＭＧ－ＣｏＡ）还原酶抑制剂（辛伐他汀）对大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞（ＲＦＢ）增生,细胞周期及细胞间信号传导的影响。方法：应用ＭＴＴ比色法、流式细胞仪、半定量ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ等技术,分别检测不同浓度辛伐他汀对体外培养的ＲＦＢ的增生、细胞周期以及细胞信号传导中ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。结果：辛伐他汀可抑制ＲＦＢ的增生活性（Ａ值）,尤以无血清组显著,各浓度加药组Ａ组与正常对照组比较差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）;各浓度加药组Ｇ０／Ｇ１期细胞比增高,Ｓ期细胞比、ＰＩ值和ＤＮＡ含量则逐渐下降,Ｇ２／Ｍ期细胞比变化不明显;各浓度加药组ＲＦＢ ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ的表达逐渐下降,并呈一定的剂量依赖性,与正常对照组比较差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：辛伐他汀可抑制细胞增生,阻止ＲＦＢ由ＧＩ期进     

EFFECTS OF NAPROXEN ON RENAL FUNCTION IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH MILD TO MODERATE RENAL DYSFUNCTION

We have evaluated 45 elderly patients with both musculoskeletalproblems and mild to moderate renal dysfunction. We treatedthese patients with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)for 2 weeks. The serum creatinine, urinary creatinine clearanceand blood pressure were monitored before and after therapy.In some patients serum levels of throm boxane B₂ (TxB₂) andthe urinary prostaglandins E₂ (PGE₂) and I₂ (prostacyclin) measuredas 6-keto-PGF_I     

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF FENOLDOPAM TREATMENT ON RENAL FUNCTION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

We have studied the effect of chronic treatment with dopamine D1 receptor agonist fenoldopam (1?mg/kg, i.p. daily for 6 weeks) on renal function and metabolic parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single tail vein injection of STZ (45?mg/kg). STZ produced severe hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and bradycardia. Fenoldopam treatment significantly reduced fasting but not fed blood glucose levels and lowered the blood pressure in diabetic animals. Significant change was not observed in insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride levels. Diabetic animals showed increase in AUC_glucose and decrease in AUC_insulin during oral glucose tolerance test. Fenoldopam treatment did not significantly change these values in diabetic animals. STZ produced increase in serum urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Diuresis and urinary sodium retention was observed in diabetic animals. Renal hypertrophy was observed as seen from increased kidney weight/body weight ratio and increased total RNA content as well as decreased total DNA content. Fenoldopam treatment significantly lowered serum urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Urinary sodium retention was significantly reduced and renal hypertrophy was prevented with fenoldopam treatment as seen from the improved kidney weight/body weight ratio. Fenoldopam treatment significantly prevented reduction in total DNA content and increase in total RNA content further substantiating reduced renal hypertrophy. Our data suggest that STZ induced diabetes is associated with renal dysfunctions and fenoldopam treatment could be beneficial in a condition where diabetes mellitus co-exists with hypertension and compromised renal function.     

霉酚酸酯治疗难治性狼疮性肾炎肾组织病理的变化

目的：进一步阐明霉酚酸酯（ＭＭＦ）对难治性Ⅳ型狼疮性肾炎（ＬＮ）患者肾组织学改变的影响,探讨ＭＭＦ作用机制。方法：对１５例接受ＭＭＦ治疗（０．７５～１．５ｇ／ｄ）的难治性Ⅳ－ＬＮ患者进行重复肾活检,穿刺组彩色分析系统。肾组织ＣＤ４＾＋ＣＤ８＾＋细胞当色、细胞附分子（ＩＣＡＭ－１）和血管细胞粘附分子１（ＶＣＡＭ－１）表达采用ＰＡＰ四导有后上述各项指标的改变。结果：（１）ＭＭＦ治疗后肾组织活动性指数明     

BIPHASIC EFFECTS OF DOPAMINE ON 86RUBIDIUM UPTAKE IN RAT RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULES

The mechanism(s) by which dopamine inhibits Na⁺ -K⁺ -ATPase activity in the renal proximal tubule is still controversial. We studied the short-term effects of dopamine on the sodium pump in rat renal proximal tubule suspensions with the ⁸⁶Rb uptake method. Dopamine and the D₁-like agonist, SKF81297, initially stimulated Na⁺ -K⁺ -ATPase activity at 5 min and subsequently inhibited it at 10 min and 20 min; the inhibition by 10 μM dopamine at 20 min was 21.3 ± 4.5 %. The inhibitory effect of dopamine on Na⁺ -K⁺ -ATPase activity was mimicked by thymeleatoxin (a classical protein kinase C [PKC] agonist) while Sp-8-CPT-cAMPS (a protein kinase A [PKA] agonist) had no effect. However, the combination of the PKC and PKA agonists mimicked the biphasic effects of dopamine and SKF81297. Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS (a PKA inhibitor), U-73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor), or calphostin C (a PKC inhibitor), blocked the dopamine-mediated biphasic effects on Na⁺ -K⁺ -ATPase activity. It is suggested that the biphasic effects of dopamine on Na⁺ -K⁺ -ATPase activity (an initial stimulation and a subsequent inhibition) are transduced by activating both PKA and PKC through a D₁-like receptor.     

硒缺乏对大鼠胰岛内分泌细胞功能的影响

应用食饵性低硒方法，研究大鼠在硒缺乏状态下胰岛内分泌细胞合成和分泌多肽类激素功能的变化，结果表明硒缺乏鼠血清胰岛素、Ｃ肽及生长抑素水平下降；胰岛Ｃ肽、胰岛素及生长抑素分泌贮备减少，并伴有胰腺ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力减低，ＬＰＯ含量升高。     

氯沙坦及苯那普利对慢性肾衰大鼠肾功能和细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体－１拮抗剂（ＡＴ１Ａ）和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ＡＣＥＩ）对慢性肾衰（ＣＲＦ）肾功能的影响及可能的机制。方法 观察氯沙坦和苯那普利对５／６肾切除模型大鼠蛋白尿、肌酐清除率（Ｃｃｒ）以及肾小球和肾小管细胞凋亡程度等方面的影响。结果 两药物治疗组在给药１０周后对ＣＲＦ大鼠的平均收缩压、Ｃｃｒ以及尿蛋白均有明显改善;ＣＲＦ大鼠较假手术组其肾小球和肾小管细胞凋亡指数增高（Ｐ〈０．