“Three-Grade Criteria” of Radical Resection for Primary Liver Cancer

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to develop the “Three- Grade Criteria” for radical resection of primary liver cancer （PLC） and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS Criteria for radical resection of PLC were summed up to 3 grades based on criterion development. Grade Ⅰ： complete removal of all gross tumors with no residual tumor at the excision margin. Grade Ⅱ： on the basis of Grade Ⅰ, additional 4 requirements were added： （1） the tumor was not more than two in number; （2） no tumor thrombi in the main trunks or the primary branches of the portal vein, the common hepatic duct or its primary branches, the hepatic veins or the inferior vena cava; （3）no hilar lymph nodes metastases; （4）no extrahepatic metastases. Grade Ⅲ ： in addition to the above criteria, negative postoperative follow-up result including AFP dropping to a normal level （with positive AFP before surgery） within 2 months after operation, and no residual tumor upon diagnostic imaging.The clinical data from 354 patients with PLC who underwent hepatectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the “Three-Grade Criteria” these patients were divided into 6 groups： Grade Ⅰ radical group, Grade Ⅰ palliative group, Grade Ⅱ radical group, Grade Ⅱ palliative group, Grade Ⅲ radical group, Grade Ⅲ palliative group. The survival rate of each group was calculated by the life-table method and the rates compared among the groups. RESULTS The survival rate of patients receiving radical treatment was better than those receiving palliative treatment （P〈0.01）. Survival improved as more criteria were applied. The 5-year survival rate of the patients in Grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ who underwent radical resection was 43.2%, 51.2% and 64.4%, respectively （P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION The “Three-Grade Criteria” may be applied for judging the curability of resection therapy for PLC. The stricter the criterion used, the better the survival would be. Adopting high-grade criteria to select cases and guide operations and strengthening postoperative follow-up would improve the results of hepatectomy for PLC.     

手术联合冷冻治疗原发性肝癌--附78例报道

目的探讨手术联合冷冻治疗原发性肝癌的临床价值.方法回顾性分析1996年1月-2001年12月我院收治78例不能手术切除原发性肝癌的治疗情况.结果术中出血平均约400 mL,术后肝功能不全14例,术后无手术死亡,1、3、5年的生存率为97.5%、46.5%和36.1%.结论冷冻联合手术切除原发性肝癌是安全可行的,出血少,损伤组织少并能降低术后复发.     

标准残肝体积联合肝纤维化测定在原发性肝癌切除术安全性评估中的价值

[目的]探讨标准残肝体积(SRLV)大小及肝纤维化程度与原发性肝癌切除术后发生肝功能代偿不全间的关系.[方法]对因肝癌行肝切除术的104例病例进行研究.残肝体积=全肝体积-切除肝脏体积;SRLV=残肝体积/体表面积;根据声脉冲辐射力成像(acoustic radiation force impulse,ARFI)评分将所有病例分为A组(中、重度肝纤维化组)和B组(正常或轻度肝纤维化组).通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析预防发生肝功能代偿不全的SRLV安全临界值.并将术后发生肝功能中度代偿不全患者的术前ARFI评分与术后SRLV进行直线回归分析.[结果]A组病例术后发生肝功能轻度代偿不全、中度代偿不全及重度代偿不全分别为53例、22例、4例.在A组病例中,肝功能中、重度代偿不全发生率为32.9％,(26/79),肝功能轻度代偿不全患者和中、重度代偿不全患者的SRLV[(605.69±1 18.98)ml/m2 vs (470.81±62.59)ml/m2]比较具有显著差异(P＜0.05).ROC曲线分析提示发生肝功能中、重度代偿不全的SRLV的临界值为503ml/m2.B组病例数少,不作统计学分析.将术后发生肝功能中度代偿不全患者的术前ARFI评分及术后SRLV进行直线回归分析,显示呈正相关(R=0.719,P＜0.01),其回归方程为:SRLV(ml/m2)=149.6×A RFI评分(m/s)+194.1.[结论]联合SRLV及肝纤维化程度测定对原发性肝癌术前安全切肝量评估有重要指导价值,对伴中、重度肝纤维化患者安全SRLV临界值为503ml/m2.     

复发性肝癌再次肝切除的效果

在392例次肝癌切除中,19例为复发性肝癌作再次肝切除.第1次至第2次肝切除的间隔时间平均为35月.作第2次肝切除的肿瘤平均5cm.切除术的类型有剔出术4例,1肝段切除8例,2肝段切除7例.复发性肝癌再次术后生存5年以上4例,最长14年健在.已知死亡6例,其生存平均11个月,表明再次肝切除可提高复发性肝癌的生存期.     

肝尾叶肝癌28例的手术切除体会

Ofbjective:To analyze the operative technique and results of the resection for caudate lobe carcinoma of the liver. Methods:The liver was fully freed of the ligments,short hepatic veins were divided and sutured,and the tumor was then freed frum the inferior vena cava(IVC).The caudate lobe was resected alone or in combination with other segment. Results:28 patients underwent resection of caudate lobe tumor.The number of the short hepatic veins transected and tied was 2-5(mean 3).An intermittent Pringle‘s manoeuver was used in 26patients with a median occlusion time of 21.7(range10-32)min.The median blood loss was 574(range100-1300)ml.No major complications such as massive bleeding and diliary fistula occurred.Intraoperative total vascular occlusion was perfored on lnly 5 cases.All patients were discharged from the hospital.Outpatient periodic TAEplus chemotherapy was performed.Postoperative recurence and metastasis was found in 13 cases,with 5 deaths. Conclusion:The use of third porta hepatis dissection for resection of the caudate lobe tumor can reduce the risk of massive bleeding during the operation and can raise the rate of resection of caudate lobe tumor.     

肝癌的病因及预防研究新进展

目前已确定肝癌的主要病因为乙型肝炎病毒和黄曲霉毒素 ,丙型肝炎病毒、遗传病因及饮水污染问题也得到重视 ;激素、糖尿病等因素备受关注。围绕主要病因开展人群干预已取得较大进展 ,化学预防研究中采用补硒、吡噻硫酮和叶绿酸等业已证明有良好的效果 ,癌前期患者的诊治对肝癌的预防有重要的意义。     

直肠癌扩大根治术的临床病理学研究

目的：通过临床病理学研究,证实直肠癌扩大根治术的合理性,从而指导直肠癌的治疗。方法：通过对进展期直肠癌进行三方向淋巴结清扫获得的标本,以常规病理学方法研究淋巴结转移规律,并以此规律指导临床进行扩大根治手术,统计其治疗效果,结果：国人进展期直肠癌淋巴转移率为47％,上方1,2,3站轩移率分别为4％,14％及10％,侧方第3站转移率为9％,直肠癌淋巴转移与肿瘤浸润周径,深度及病理学类型有关,扩大根治术后的5年及10年生存率为68％及47％,高于一般根治术的45％及39．8％,结论：直肠癌扩大根治术清除了可能发生转移的所有淋巴结,减少了转移淋巴结残留,可明显提高生存率。     

肝癌根治术后早期肝内复发危险因素分析

[目的]探讨原发性肝癌(以下简称肝癌)根治性切除术后早期复发的影响因素.[方法]回顾性分析105例肝癌根治性切除术的病例,研究肿瘤、宿主、治疗等因素与术后早期肝内复发关系.[结果]105例病例中早期肝内复发47例.多因素分析表明肿瘤大小、门静脉分支受侵、术前AFP≥100ng/L是早期复发的独立危险因素.复发高危组2年复发率为56.70%,1、3、5年生存率分别为83.58%、62.65%、21.48%:复发低危组2年复发率为23.70%,1、3、5年生存率分别为86.38%、69.94%、47.85%.二组差异有显著性(P《0.05).[结论]肿瘤大小、门静脉分支受侵、术前AFP≥100ng/ml是影响病人术后早期肝内复发的重要因素.     

羟基喜树碱肝动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌疗效观察

[目的]探讨以羟基喜树碱为主化疗药物肝动脉栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效.[方法]82例原发性肝癌患者,随机分为常规药物组(A组41例)和羟基喜树碱为主化疗药物组(B组41例),两组均给予经皮肝动脉插管化疗栓塞治疗,至少2个疗程,疗效及毒性判定按照WHO标准.[结果]A组CR 19.51%,PR 21.95%,CR PR 41.46%;B组CR 21.95%,PR 36.59%,CR PR 58.54%,两组之间差异有显著性.毒副反应两组之间差异无显著性.[结论]以羟基喜树碱为主的化疗药物栓塞治疗原发性肝癌有明显疗效.     

累及第2肝门区巨大肝癌55例手术切除体会

Objective To investigate the possibility and surgical procedures for huge liver cancer involving the second porta hepatis.Methods 55 cases of huge liver cancer, with the diameter of 8-28 cm(mean 12.7 cm) were studied. Right subcostal or “rooftop” incision was made, the liver ligments were divided, good exposure of the tumor and access to retrohepatic inferior vena cava were achieved.Hepatectomies were completed under intermittent interruption of first porta hepatis. Occluding tape around vena cava was applied before liver resection if necessary.Results All tumors were successfully resected without death during operation.The longest survival time was now 4 years in one case. The 1-4 year postoperative survival rates were 63%,50%,50% and 30% respectively.Conclusion Young patients with solitary large liver tumor, which grows slowly over a long period on basis of non-cirrhotic or mild cirrhotic liver, should undergo an exploration in an attempt of resection irrespective of the image contraindication, provided that there is no extra-hepatic metastasis.     

原发性肝癌患者肝储备功能的研究

目的 :探讨原发性肝癌患者的肝储备功能。方法 :将 2 37例原发性肝癌患者的ICGR15分别与患者的腹水、血浆白蛋白、胆红素、Child’s分级及术后肝功能损害率进行统计分析。结果 :1)ICGR15与腹水、胆红素、Child分级及术后肝功能损害呈正相关 ,P =0 0 0 ;与血浆白蛋白呈负相关 ,P =0 0 0。 2 )ICGR15 >2 0 %时 ,患者出现腹水、低蛋白血症、黄疸、Child’s分级升高和术后肝功能损害的机率明显增高 ,P =0 0 0。结论 :ICGR15是评估原发性肝癌患者的肝储备功能和肝功能较好的指标。     

肝癌的氩氦刀冷冻治疗

探讨氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌的方法、安全性及疗效。应用四刀系统对 46例晚期肝癌患者分别采取开腹冷冻、经皮穿刺冷冻及手术切除肝断面的冷冻治疗。结果示 ,全组无手术死亡 ,无出血、胆瘘、肝破裂及穿刺道转移等并发症 ;术前AFP值增高的 17例 ,术后AFP值均有下降 ,其中 12例恢复正常 ,46例患者均得到 1年以上随访 ,16例存活 1年以上 ,3 0例 1年内死亡 ,1年存活率为 3 4 8%。其中肝癌病灶 <5cm者 5例 ,均生存 1年以上 ;病灶 5～ 10cm者共 2 6例 ,1年存活 9例 ( 6例肝功能异常者均 1年内死亡 ) ;病灶 >10cm者 15例 ,有 2例存活 1年以上。初步研究结果示 ,冷冻为不能手术切除的肝癌提供了一有效的治疗途径 ;经皮穿刺或经腹冷冻治疗肝癌是一种安全、有效且微创的治疗新方法     

94例大肝癌手术切除治疗体会

目的探讨原发性大肝癌的手术治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析１９９２年２月至１９９９年１０月间手术切除的９４例原发性肝大肝癌。治疗方法分Ⅰ期手术切除（７８例），肝动脉栓经呈劝脉结扎（ＨＡＬ）后Ⅱ期切除（１２例）及癌块中心挖除快速缩小后Ⅱ期切除（４例三种，。结果 全组手术死亡３例，总的１、３及５年生存率分别为６３．７％、３４．４％和３０．０％。结论 尽量保留肝组织的不规则肝切除是原发性大肝癌的有效术式，ＴＡ     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科综合治疗

文章阐述了当前外科综合治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床和实验研究的进展，重点介绍了对肝叶切除术后再复发癌的手术效果，经肝区域性化疗和间质疗法等方法，为临床上更合理地选择结直肠癌肝转移的治疗方法提供参考。     

肝切除治疗原发性肝癌的评价

报道640例原发性肝癌作肝切除术。其中局部切除317例(49.5％),左外叶切除98例(15.3％),左半肝切除160例(25.0％),扩大左半肝切除12例(1.9％),右半肝切除49例(7.7％),扩大右半肝切除4例(0.6％)。手术死亡率为5.5％。术后1、3、5、10年生存率分别为73.1％、48.9％、38.7％、28.1％;其中210例小肝癌则分别为89.7％、77.0％、63.8％、43.5％。78例术后生存5年以上,其中30例生存10年以上。对肝切除指征、手术操作及进一步提高手术远期疗效作了讨论。     

Outcome after Simultaneous Resection of Gastric Primary Tumour and Synchronous Liver Metastases: Survival Analysis of a Single-center Experience in China

Background: The optimal surgical strategy for the treatment of synchronous resectable gastric cancer livermetastases remains controversial. The aims of this study were to analyze the outcome and overall survival ofpatients presenting with gastric cancer and liver metastases treated by simultaneous resection. Materials andMethods: Between January 1990 and June 2009, 35 patients diagnosed with synchronous hepatic metastasesfrom gastric carcinoma received simultaneous resection of both primary gastric cancer and synchronous hepaticmetastases. The clinicopathologic features and the surgical results of the 35 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results: The 5-year overall survival rate after surgery was 14.3%. Five patients survived for more than 5 yearsafter surgery. No mortality has occurred within 30 days after resection, although two patients (5.7%) developedcomplications during the peri-operative course. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with the presenceof lymphovascular invasion of the primary tumor, bilateral liver metastasis and multiple liver metastasessuffered poor survival. Lymphovascular invasion by the primary lesion and multiple liver metastases weresignificant prognostic factors that influenced survival in the multivariate analysis (p=0.02, p=0.001, respectively).Conclusions: The presence of lymphovascular invasion of the primary tumor and multiple liver metastases aresignificant prognostic determinants of survival. Gastric cancer patients without lymphovascular invasion andwith a solitary synchronous liver metastasis may be good candidates for hepatic resection. Simultaneous resectionof both primary gastric cancer and synchronous hepatic metastases may effectively prolong survival in strictlyselected patients.     

结直肠癌肝转移外科治疗体会

[目的]探讨结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗效果及对临床生存时间的影响。[方法]回顾性分析1998年1月至2007年1月结直肠癌肝转移患者行外科手术治疗22例的资料。[结果]术后随访存活1年者19例，存活3年者9例，存活5年及以上者5例。10例同期行肝切除者平均生存期26个月，7例分期行肝切除者平均生存期30个月。术后发生并发症3例，无手术死亡。[结论]掌握外科手术时机和适应证，积极行肝切除术并创造条件提高手术切除成功率，是提高结直肠癌肝转移患者存活率的关键。     

肝移植治疗原发性肝细胞癌的进展

肝移植已经成为治疗肝癌的重要手段.选择合适的病人是一个重要的问题,国际通行的是米兰标准,我国一般公认的适应证主要包括:合并有肝硬变失代偿、不能接受肝切除治疗的小肝癌患者和肿瘤多发且波及左右两叶、肝功能严重损害、行切除术后肿瘤容易复发或出现肝功能衰竭者.血管侵犯,细胞分化程度等因素可以影响治疗的预后.围手术期辅助治疗(经皮肝动脉化学栓塞、经皮无水酒精瘤内注射、射频消融,氩氦刀治疗)对于提高肝移植的疗效有一定的意义.     

原发性肝癌姑息切除术后插管化疗的临床研究

本文对38例原发性肝癌姑息性切除术后,经肝动脉、门静脉插管化疗与38例相同病期仅作姑息性切除的肝癌患者进行配对分析,结果显示插管化疗组AFP转阴率及术后1年生存率均显著高于未插管组,分别为84.8％与 61.3％,55.3％与21.1％(P<0.05).而AFP术后3个月转阳率插管组低于未插管组,分别为50％与74.5％(P<0.05).提示对无法行根除性切除的肝癌患者,在作姑息切除术的同时,行肝动脉、门静脉插管化疗,对提高术后生存率有确切疗效.