G-CSF减轻大鼠下肢缺血再灌注致肺功能损伤的实验研究

目的：研究重组粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）对大鼠下肢缺血再灌注所致肺功能损伤的治疗作用。方法：雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分３组,手术组及给药组麻醉后开腹解剖口主动脉．在肾动脉水平远端阻断１２０ｍｉｎ,开放、再灌注 １２０ ｍｉｎ;假手术组不阻断腹主动脉,余同手术组。３组均于术前经舌静脉注入伊文氏蓝（Ｅｖａｎ’ｓ ｂｌｕｅ ｄｇｅ） ３０ ｍｇ／ｋｇ;给药组术前经尾赢脉注入Ｇ－ＣＳＦ ２０μｇ／ｋｇ．余二组给予生理盐水１ｍｌ。术后取肺组织测定丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｒｌｄｉａｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ）及伊文氏蓝含量。结果：给药组ＭＤＡ含量为（１．７１±０．３４）ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇ,假手术组为（ｌ．７３±０．６５）ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇ,均显著低于手术组〔（２．５４±０．３９）ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇ］。 给药组伊文氏蓝含量为（１．５０±０．２９）μｇ／ｍｇ．假手术组为（０．１３±０．０７）μｇ／ｍｇ,均显著低于手术组［（（３．０７±１．１８）μｇ／ｍｇ］．结论：Ｇ－ＣＳＦ有减轻大鼠下肢缺血再灌注所致肺功能损伤的作用。     

狭叶红景天对小鼠常压缺氧耐力影响的再研究

为探讨狭叶红景天中口服毒性成分百脉根甙对其抗缺氧活性的影响，首先需先测定其醇提取物的作用，结果发现无延长封闭容器内小鼠存活时间的功能。为此，对该提取物和红景天甙是否具此作用再次进行探讨。选取健康小鼠，分设对照组和给药组。一次或连续６天给药后，封闭于玻璃容器内，记录小鼠存活时间。比较均数间是否有显著性差异。连续灌服醇提物（１０ｇ／ｋｇ，６天）组的平均存活时间为２３．０５±４．２７分，对照为２３．５２±４．４５；红景天甙（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，７天）组为２７．０７±４．６５，对照为２４．０５±４．２８，（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，１次）组为２７．０３±５．０３，对照为２５．８５±３．２５，各组均值间无差异，本实验结果表明狭叶红景天醇提取物和红景天甙对密闭容器内的小鼠无延长其存活时间的作用。但不排除可能由动物所致差异。     

烟碱诱发大鼠体温下降形成耐受的时间与剂量依赖性

烟碱急性给药（２．０，３．５和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）诱发大鼠体温下降具有剂量依赖性。美加明（１．０和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）可部分拮抗烟碱的体温下降作用，而六甲溴胺（５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）不表现拮抗活性。烟碱（２．０，３．５和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｐ）每日一次，连续１２ｄ给药，随着时间。     

黑米素的药理作用研究

对黑米素进行了强壮，耐缺氧及镇痛作用研究，结果表明：昆明种小鼠灌服给药０．５ｇ／ｋｇ，体重明显增加（α＜０．０１），提示有一定的强壮作用。腹腔注射４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ显著提高小鼠常压缺氧耐受性（α＜０．０１），并拮抗Ｉｓｏｐ所致的心肌缺氧。采用热板法及担体法则定［３，４］，对照及化学因素引起的疼痛有显著的抑制作用（α＜０．０１），且在提高痛阈的同时，不产生耐受性和成瘾性。     

小鼠敌敌畏经口中毒及二乙酰单肟对小肠羧酸酯酶的体内外重活化作用

目的：研究二乙酰单肟（ｄｉａｃｅｔｙｌｍ ｏｎｏｘｉｍ ｅ，ＤＡＭ）对敌敌畏体内外抑制小鼠小肠羧酸酯酶重活化的作用。方法：用微量对硝基酚戊酸酯法测定ＤＡＭ 对敌敌畏体内外抑制的小鼠小肠羧酸酯酶的重活化作用。结果与结论：１，０．５，０．１ ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ的ＤＡＭ 在体外对敌敌畏抑制的小鼠小肠羧酸酯酶有较强的重活化作用（重活化率分别为８４．８％ ，５９．３％ 和３２．４％ ），而对正常小肠羧酸酯酶没有抑制作用，但ＤＡＭ 经口、肌肉和腹腔给药（均为１００ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重）在整体对小鼠敌敌畏经口中毒（１００ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重）没有显著的抗毒作用，对小鼠敌敌畏５０ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重经口中毒后小肠羧酸酯酶的抑制也没有显著的重活化作用（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）；而且ＤＡＭ 经口与腹腔给药后小鼠小肠羧酸酯酶活力显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０．０５），但ＤＡＭ 经肌肉给药后小鼠小肠羧酸酯酶活力没有显著变化，从而提示ＤＡＭ 经口、肌肉与腹腔给药都不能有效地对抗敌敌畏对小鼠的毒性，其本身经口与腹腔给药后对小肠羧酸酯酶的抑制作用可能与肝肠首过效应有关。     

大鼠下肢缺血再灌注对心、肺组织功能损伤研究

目的：研究大鼠下肢缺血再灌注后对心、肺组织和功能的损伤作用。方法：ＳＤ大鼠２０只随机分成２组,组 Ⅰ（ｎ＝１０）为实验组,行肾动脉水平远端腹主动脉阻断 １２０ ｍｉｎ后再灌注 １２０ ｍｉｎ,组Ⅱ （ｎ＝１０）为假手术对照组,不行腹主动脉阻断。观察２组术后心肺组织病理变化以及心肌ＡＴＰ酶,心肌凋亡率,平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）变化,肺丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）,伊文氏兰（Ｅｖａｎ＇ｓ ｂｌｕｅ）含量,肺糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）的 ｍＲＮＡ水平变化。结果：组Ⅰ大鼠心肺组织可见炎性细胞浸润,心肌变性,肺渗出增加。与组Ⅱ比较,平均动脉压下降［（６１±１４）ｍｍＨｇ）］与（８６±１２）ｍｍＨｇ相比,Ｐ＜０．０５］,心肌ＡＴＰ酶活力下降［Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ（８．０５±０．３５）Ｕ／ｍｇ与（９．０４±０．８１）Ｕ／ｍｇ相比较,ｐ＜０．０５;Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ（４．９９±０．２３）Ｕ／ｍｇ与（５．６９±０．７５）Ｕ／ｍｇ相比较,ｐ＜０．０５;Ｍｇ２＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ（４．４０±０．２６）Ｕ／ｍｇ与（５．３０±０．６２）Ｕ／ｍｇ相比较,ｐ＜０．０５］,心肌凋亡率增加［（５．８５±２．４０）％与（０．８７±０．２６）％相比较,ｐ＜０．０５］,肺ＭＤ     

预缺氧对急性缺氧大鼠心肌线粒体功能及ATP含量的影响

为了观察预缺氧对急性缺氧大鼠心肌线粒体功能及ＡＴＰ含量的影响。本实验将实验大鼠分三组。①常氧对照组;②急性缺氧组;③预缺氧组。测定了心肌ＡＴＰ含量及线粒体呼吸功能,以荧光偏振法测定线粒体膜流动性。结果显示;经预缺氧处理的大鼠遭受急性缺氧后ＡＴＰ含量从（３１８±２４２）ｍｇ／ｇ增加到（６０５５±３５２）ｍｇ／ｇ（Ｐ＜００１）,线粒体呼吸控制率（ＲＣＲ）从１８４±０５８上升到４５５±０３２（Ｐ＜０１）;线粒体膜流动性（ＭＭＦ）明显增加（Ｐ＜００５）,Ｆ０Ｆ１—ＡＴＰ酶及Ｎａ－Ｋ…     

缺氧和营养不良对大鼠膈肌超微结构的影响及红景天保护作用的电镜研究

目的：为探讨缺氧和营养不良对大鼠膈肌超微结构的影响及红景天保护的作用；方法：Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠３２只，随机分为四组，Ａ组为对照组，Ｂ组为缺氧组（氧浓度１１±０．５％），每日缺氧８小时，Ｃ组为缺氧加红景天组，缺氧同Ｂ组，缺氧前灌服红景天１．０ｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ，Ｄ组为营养不良组，每日给予正常食量的１／２。实验期限共五周；结果：Ｄ组大鼠膈肌重量显著下降，与Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ组相比具有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），膈肌细胞萎缩明显。Ｂ组膈肌细胞超微结构变化明显。Ｃ组尽管与Ｂ组缺氧条件相同，但未观察到超微结构方面的明显变化；结论：缺氧和营养不良均可致膈肌细胞损伤，红景天对缺氧所致膈肌细胞损伤具有显著保护作用。     

桃核承气汤对利多卡因毒性的影响

腹腔注射桃核承气汤６ｇ／ｋｇ能预防利多卡因的毒性，降低小鼠的死亡率，并增加大鼠对利多卡因的耐受量，预防利多卡因毒性的半数有效量为（５．３５±０．０８）ｇ／ｋｇ，且其预防作用与其剂量，呈显著的量效关系。静脉注射桃核承气汤２ｇ／ｋｇ救治利多卡因中毒能明显推迟其死亡发生的时间     

HAPC患者红细胞2,3—二磷酸甘油酸的变化和红细胞ATP酶的活性

目的：了解红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油酸、红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶在高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）的变化及二者关系。方法：ＨＡＰＣ患者２４例，正常对照１９例，分别测定红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油酸，红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶（Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶，Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性。结果：ＨＡＰＣ组及对照组红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油分别为：３．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ±０．１３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，４．８７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ±０．０７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别为：４．１±０．０１３λΒ／μｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１，７．４±０．１９λΒ／μｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别为１５．１±１．７０λΒ／μｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１，２５．３±２．３１λΒμｍｏｌ·ｈ－１·ｇ－１（Ｐ＜０．０１）；相关分析显示：２，３－二磷酸甘油酸与Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶呈正相关（ｒ＋０．４８１７，Ｐ＜０．０１）与Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４７８３，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ＨＡＰＣ患者红细胞２，３－二磷酸甘油酸的减少，红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶活力降低，反映机体缺氧状况，体细胞代谢异常     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.