TMD患者咬合板治疗后(牙合)接触变化的研究

目的:比较咬合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)前后异常(牙合)因素的变化情况,探讨咬合板治疗TMD的机理.方法:选取34名用咬合板治疗的TMD患者,记录其戴用咬合板后2个月时的咬合特征及临床症状,并与治疗前进行比较.结果:TMD患者治疗后的(牙合)力中心距中线距离减小,闭合时间与侧方(牙合)分离时间明显较治疗前缩短,早接触出现率较治疗前降低,但前伸(牙合)分离时间、非工作侧(牙合)干扰及前伸(牙合)干扰的出现率与治疗前相比无显著性差异.结论:咬合板对于纠正(牙合)力中心位置、减小早接触的发生率、缩短闭合时间及侧方(牙合)分离时间具有明显的作用,能够使TMD患者的(牙合)关系向着更加协调、稳定的方向发展,是其有效治疗TMD的重要机理.     

利用咬合力计指导调(牙合)治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病

目的:用咬合力计指导调(牙合)并评价调(牙合)对治疗TMD的疗效.方法:随机选取10例因TMD来我院就诊的患者,取观测模型,分析其咬合,并进行调(牙合).根据调骀治疗前后其临床症状改善情况,进行疗效分析.结果:3个月后多数患者的颌面部肌肉酸痛、无力、关节弹响、开口型异常等症状缓解或消失.结论:(1)调(牙合)是治疗TMD的一种有效的治疗方法.(2)咬合力计能够客观、真实、准确地反应出咬合接触点的详细情况.     

调(牙合)对TMD慢性疼痛治疗效果的临床评价初探

目的：探讨调[牙合]治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）慢性疼痛的疗效。方法：TMD伴慢性口颌面痛患者21例,盲法随机分为治疗组（10例）和对照组（11例）,治疗组予以本课题组所报道的方法进行调[牙合]治疗,以建立平稳咬合接触为目标,对照组作模拟调[牙合]。检测治疗前、治疗后即刻和治疗1月时疼痛指数（VAS）、开口度及咬合力水平。结果：治疗组VAS降低（p=0．000）,开口度增加（p=0．008）,咬合力有所增加（p=0．050）,与对照组相差显著。对照组治疗前后无明显差异。结论：以建立自然牙列稳定咬合接触关系为目的的调[牙合]治疗可以明显缓解TMD慢性疼痛。     

利用咬合力计指导调治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病

目的：用咬合力计指导调[牙合]并评价调[牙合]对治疗TMD的疗效。方法：随机选取10例因TMD来我院就诊的患者,取观测模型,分析其咬合,并进行调[牙合]。根据调[牙合]治疗前后其临床症状改善情况,进行疗效分析。结果：3个月后多数患者的颌面部肌肉酸痛、无力、关节弹响、开口型异常等症状缓解或消失。结论：（1）调[牙合]是治疗TMD的一种有效的治疗方法。（2）咬合力计能够客观、真实、准确地反应出咬合接触点的详细情况。     

不同类型咬合板缓解TMD疼痛症状的研究

目的:研究松弛型咬合板和稳定型咬合板缓解颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)疼痛症状的疗效。方法:选择TMD患者68例(急性期30例,慢性期38例),每组又分两个亚组,分别戴用松弛型咬合板和稳定型咬合板,使用视觉模拟量表评价患者治疗前后疼痛强度的变化。结果:①戴咬合板后静息状态下急、慢性组患者疼痛指数均较戴咬合板前明显下降(P<0.05),两种咬合板缓解疼痛的程度无明显差异;②戴咬合板后功能状态下急、慢性组患者疼痛指数均较戴咬合板前明显下降(P<0.05),但急性组戴松弛型咬合板疼痛缓解程度更显著。结论:松弛型和稳定型咬合板能缓解TMD疼痛,松弛型咬合板缓解TMD急性患者疼痛症状更显著。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病单侧颞下颌关节疼痛患者与夜磨牙患者的咬合关系比较研究

目的 比较研究颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorders,TMD)单侧颞下颌关节疼痛患者与夜磨牙患者的咬合关系特点,为临床鉴别诊断及治疗方案的设计提供参考依据。方法 选取2015—2017年于空军军医大学第三附属医院颞下颌关节病科就诊的169例TMD单侧颞下颌关节疼痛患者(TMD组)和189例夜磨牙患者(夜磨牙组)的临床资料进行回顾性分析。对2组患者治疗前牙颌石膏模型进行测量分析,比较其错(牙合)畸形分类、上下牙列中线位置、前牙覆(牙合)和覆盖情况、个别牙错(牙合)、个别牙错位、缺牙(第三磨牙除外)、第三磨牙萌出及口腔修复情况。结果 (1)2组患者错(牙合)畸形分类、上下牙列中线位置、前牙覆(牙合)覆盖情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。(2)TMD组患者反发生率(28.4%)明显高于夜磨牙组(17.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.102,P=0.014);而2组患者锁(牙合)、对刃及开(牙合)发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0.05)。(3)TMD组上颌侧切牙伴其他牙位唇倾的占比(22.6%)明显高于夜磨牙组(4.9...     

固定修复重建咬合5年临床观察

目的 临床分析咬合失调患者的病因，采用固定修复术重建咬合，测定治疗前后的咀嚼效能及观察颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床变化。方法 65例经临床诊断为咬合失调病例，采用固定修复的方法施行咬合重建，并分别于修复前，修复后3个月和5年，采用过筛法进行咀嚼效率的测试，检查颞下颌关节紊乱病临床症状的变化。结果 统计学分析显示固定修复前后咀嚼效率有显著性差异（P＜0．01）；颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床症状得到缓解。结论 固定修复方法对恢复咬合关系是有效的，重建咬合后颞下颌关节紊乱病得到缓解，这种不可逆性咬合重建尚需长期的，大量的临床观察。     

微型咬合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床研究

采用微型咬合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病（ＴＭＤ）８８例,男２５例,女６３例,年龄１４～４８岁,平均２７．５岁．结果：症状完全消失４０例（４５．５％）,症状改善４５例（５１．１％）,症状无变化３例（３．４％）．结果表明微型咬合板是治疗ＴＭＤ的一种简便而有较好疗效的保守疗法     

调(牙合)治疗颞颌关节紊乱病疼痛效果及其可能机制的初步研究

目的:探讨调牙合对TMD疼痛的疗效及可能的机制。方法:TMD疼痛患者58例,将无以下3种咬合表现者归为A组(35例):内倾型深覆牙合、上下后牙同名牙尖相对、反牙合或锁牙合牙≥3处,有其表现者归为B组(23例)。结果:1)A组治疗后即刻及1月时VAS值都降低(P<0.01),B组仅治疗1月后降低(P<0.05);2)治疗1月后咬肌和颞肌前束肌电对称性A组升高(P<0.05),B组无变化(P>0.05);3)治疗1月后A组咬合接触点数及对称性增加(P<0.05),B组无变化(P>0.05);4)上述疗效与TM J病变程度、病程、年龄等因素无密切关系。结论:调牙合治疗可以缓解无明显诱因而发病的TMD疼痛,但其疗效受咬合类型的影响。     

TMD患者咬合接触情况与牙弓宽度的测量分析

目的：通过测量和比较正常人群与TMD患者在牙尖交错位时的咬合接触情况及牙弓宽度情况,探讨这2个解剖特征与TMD发病的相关性。方法：收集120个临床病例分为2组,A组TMD患者50例,B组正常人群（对照组）70例,通过对2组人群的咬合接触情况、牙弓宽度进行测量分析,探讨这2个解剖特征与TMD发病的相关性。结果：牙尖交错位时,TMD患者的无咬合接触牙齿数高于正常人群;牙弓宽度较正常人群窄（P﹤0.05）。结论：TMD发病与咬合接触少,牙弓宽度窄这2个解剖特征有关。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病患者咬合稳定性的研究

目的研究颞下颌关节紊乱病(tempromandibular disorders,TMD)患者的咬合稳定状况。方法应用T-ScanII咬合分析仪对34例TMD患者进行牙尖交错位的咬合检查并与正常组对照。结果TMD患者的力不对称指数、力中心点最大位移、干扰指数均明显高于对照组,但总力值与对照组无显著性差异。结论与正常人群相比,TMD患者咬合的稳定性及平衡性均下降。     

老年人颞下颌关节紊乱病的(牙合)重建治疗

目的:观察(牙合)重建治疗老年人颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床疗效.方法:采用暂时性咬合板治疗26例因后牙缺失或重度磨耗所导致的老年TMD患者,3个月后待症状缓解时以金属烤瓷冠桥或可摘局部义齿对其进行永久性(牙合)重建治疗,随访时间(牙合)重建后3个月至3年.结果:戴暂时性咬合板3个月时,患者疼痛、弹响、张口受限症状消失分别为80.7%、56.5%和70.6%;永久性(牙合)重建后随访以上各项指标为88.4%、69.6%和82.3%.结论:(牙合)重建治疗对于老年人因后牙缺失及重度磨耗所致的TMD是一种有效的保守治疗方法.     

TMD患者咬合板治疗后接触变化的研究

目的:比较咬合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)前后异常因素的变化情况,探讨咬合板治疗TMD的机理。方法:选取34名用咬合板治疗的TMD患者,记录其戴用咬合板后2个月时的咬合特征及临床症状,并与治疗前进行比较。结果:TMD患者治疗后的力中心距中线距离减小,闭合时间与侧方分离时间明显较治疗前缩短,早接触出现率较治疗前降低,但前伸分离时间、非工作侧干扰及前伸干扰的出现率与治疗前相比无显著性差异。结论:咬合板对于纠正力中心位置、减小早接触的发生率、缩短闭合时间及侧方分离时间具有明显的作用,能够使TMD患者的关系向着更加协调、稳定的方向发展,是其有效治疗TMD的重要机理。     

Review of clinical EMG studies related to muscle and occlusal factors in healthy and TMD subjects

Several electronic instruments have been developed as adjuncts to objectively record the dysfunctional features of temporomandibular disorders and to study the effectiveness of various treatment interventions. The aim of this review was to assess the value and contribution of clinical electromyographic research in the understanding of asymptomatic and dysfunctional muscle function and the therapeutic effects of interocclusal appliances. For this purpose MedLine and PubMed searches were conducted with the following main keywords alone and in various combinations: electromyography, muscles of mastication, masseter, temporalis, temporomandibular, TMD, utility, validity, repeatability, rest, postural, vertical dimension, occlusal, splint, treatment. The review includes critical evaluation, discussion and conclusions regarding electromyographic studies in asymptomatic and dysfunctional muscles, rest position, occlusal parameters and interocclusal appliances, as well as a critical summary and proposals for further research. Much of earlier critique of many electromyographic studies still applies regarding comparative sample selections, research designs, analyses and conclusions. The areas not well-understood include normal biological variation, capacity for adaptation, fluctuations regarding the clinical course and multidimensional features of temporomandibular disorders and long-term follow-up data, especially in studies that evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. Considering the required improvements in technical and research designs features and critical appraisal electromyographic research could have value as an adjunct research tool to study features of craniofacial muscle-related dysfunction. Until electromyographic measures are correlated with other multidimensional, especially subjective and pain-related methods, the clinical use of this method for diagnostic purposes of temporomandibular disorders remains in doubt, and is not at present recommended.     

髁状突参考位与TMD患者的(牙合)重建

咬合重建是颞下颌关节病(TMD)永久性修复治疗的方法之一,关键在于(牙合)重建时如何确定最适颌种位.但是,由于对口腔修复中所采用的最适颌位的概念,尚无统一的定义标准,对髁状突运动中心及基本颌位下,髁位的稳定性及位置的研究存在争议,对髁位重建后的口腔功能还不能进行客观的评价.本文就有关最适颌位的概念、髁状突参考位与(牙合)重建的关系、TMD患者的(牙合)重建等问题作一综述.提出尽管正中关系位(CR)是生理性的最适髁位,可以用于建(牙合),但TMD病人的最大牙尖交错位(MI)也可能是生理性的.有些情况下,应采用生理性的MI建(牙合).若MI不是生理性的,应首先调整肌肉的状态,然后再选在CR位或适应性正中位建(牙合).     

Surgical manipulation of the occlusal plane: new concepts in geometry

Rotation of the maxillomandibular complex and the consequent alteration of the occlusal plane angulation to improve functional and esthetic results have been well documented. The decision to change the occlusal plane angulation cannot be arbitrary and is made only when desired results cannot be obtained by conventional treatment planning. The geometry of rotation should be accurately planned by establishing a specific point around which the maxillomandibular complex should be rotated to achieve specific esthetic results. Treatment planning using anterior nasal spine and maxillary incisor tip as rotation points has been described and results demonstrated. This article will introduce additional points of rotation that may be considered based on a triangle constructed during treatment planning. Two clinical examples are presented in which these types of rotation were implemented.     

Long-term follow-up of clinical symptoms in TMD patients who underwent occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment

Fifty-eight patients (mean age 18.4 years) who had received splint therapy for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were examined retrospectively to investigate the efficacy of occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment. The subjects were divided into three groups: 18 patients (mean age 18.6 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment combined with the use of splints (ST group); 27 patients (mean age 18.2 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment without the use of splints (NST group); and 13 patients (mean age 17.9 years) who received only splint therapy for temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD; control group). TMJ sound, pain on movement and restriction of mandibular movement were examined at the initial examination (T1), at the end of the splint therapy for TMD or beginning of orthodontic treatment (T2), at the end of orthodontic treatment (T3), and at recall or 1 year after orthodontic treatment (T4). The following results were found. (1) The percentage of patients with no joint sound at T2 was 20-30 per cent. The percentage of such patients in both the ST and NST groups increased to over 50 per cent at T3, but slightly decreased to 39-50 per cent at T4. There were no significant inter-group differences at any time point. (2) The number of patients who had no pain on movement at T2 was 60-80 per cent. The percentage of such patients in both the ST and NST groups increased to over 90 per cent at T3, but then slightly decreased to 80 per cent at T4. There were no significant inter-group differences at any time point. (3) None of the patients showed restriction of movement of the TMJ at T2 or T4. One patient in the ST group was found to have restriction at T3. There were no significant inter-group differences at any time point. (4) The most frequent type of malocclusion in both ST and NST groups was anterior open bite. These results suggest that TMD symptoms that have been eliminated by splint therapy are not likely to recur due to subsequent orthodontic treatment, but it cannot be concluded that orthodontic treatment itself had a positive effect on TMD symptoms. The results also indicate that there is a relationship between anterior open bite and TMD.     

The effect of neuromuscular diseases on the development of dental and occlusal characteristics

Fourteen patients suffering from primary muscular disease (myopathies), including seven with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, were compared to 11 patients whose neuromuscular disorders were of neuropathic origin. Mesioclusion was observed only in the group with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, mouth breathing, and large tongue were also more prevalent in the group with myopathies, especially the Duchenne's patients, than they were in the group with neurogenic disorders. The Duchenne's patients exhibited a statistically significant delay in dental emergence, unlike the patients with other myopathies and those with neurogenic disorders. Dentition and occlusion may be more affected in patients with myopathies, especially Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, than they are in patients with neurogenic disorders.