瓷贴面基底烧结饰面瓷的临床应用研究

目的探讨瓷贴面基底烧结饰面瓷的临床应用效果。方法对12例患者的54颗着色牙进行全瓷贴面修复,根据着色原因不同将其分为四环素牙组、氟斑牙组和死髓牙组。应用MarkⅡ瓷块制作贴面基底,在其上烧结饰面瓷,制作全瓷贴面。分别在牙体预备前、贴面基底在白背景和基牙上试戴时、全瓷贴面在白背景和基牙上黏固后采用Shade Eye电脑比色仪进行颜色测量,测量结果采用CIE1976L*a*b*标准色度系统表示,计算色差。全瓷贴面黏固后每3个月检查1次修复体的边缘密合度、颜色以及折裂、脱落情况。结果瓷贴面可在很大程度上改变基牙的颜色,其中四环素牙组和死髓牙组的贴面基底和瓷贴面在白背景和基牙背景下有明显的颜色差异,而氟斑牙组贴面在白背景和基牙背景下的颜色差异较小,肉眼几乎无法察觉。全瓷贴面黏固后3～12个月复诊,贴面边缘密合良好,无食物嵌塞、继发龋、牙龈炎等,也无1例发生修复体脱落或折裂。结论全瓷贴面修复着色牙具有较好的效果,氟斑牙是较理想的适应证,而中度以上的四环素牙和变色较重的死髓牙在设计全瓷贴面时应选择色度较深的基底瓷以增加贴面的遮色能力或应用不透明材料制作基底。     

核饰瓷厚度和树脂水门汀对玻璃陶瓷贴面乳光性能的影响

目的　分析不同瓷层厚度和树脂水门汀对玻璃陶瓷贴面修复变色牙乳光性能的影响。方法　采用计算机辅助设计与计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）工艺制作IPS e.max CAD LT A3瓷贴面试件,核瓷组厚度分别为0.25 mm和0.50 mm;核瓷/饰瓷组厚度为0.25 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷、0.50 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷、0.50 mm核瓷/0.50 mm牙本质瓷和0.50 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷/0.25 mm切端瓷。模拟瓷贴面临床粘接程序,在CAD/CAM瓷贴面试件底部涂布Variolink N Bleach XL水门汀,制作CAD/CAM瓷贴面-树脂水门汀复合试件。利用分光光度计测试试件在反射和透射模式下色度值,并计算乳光值。结果　0.25 mm、0.50 mm核瓷组和0.25 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷、0.50 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷、0.50 mm核瓷/0.50 mm牙本质瓷、0.50 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷/0.25 mm切端瓷瓷贴面试件乳光值分别为6.10±0.50、7.00±0.24、6.40±0.24、7.08±0.28、7.16±0.21、7.81±0.11。随着核瓷厚度增加,乳光值显著增大（P<0.05）;核瓷厚度相同,增加0.25 mm牙本质瓷,乳光值的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对于0.5mm核瓷组,牙本质瓷厚度从0.25 mm增加至0.5 mm,乳光值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但增加0.25 mm切端瓷后乳光值显著增大（P<0.05）。0.25 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷、0.50 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷、0.50 mm核瓷/0.50 mm牙本质瓷和0.50 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷/0.25 mm切端瓷CAD/CAM瓷贴面-树脂水门汀复合体试件的乳光值分别为6.29±0.31、7.56±0.36、7.67±0.30、8.65±0.53,随瓷层厚度增加乳光值增大（P<0.05）,但0.50 mm核瓷/0.25 mm牙本质瓷和0.50 mm核瓷/0.50 mm牙本质瓷组间差异无统计学意义（P=0.733）。瓷层厚度和树脂水门汀对试件乳光值的影响均有统计学差异（P<0.05）,总厚度与有无树脂水门汀间无交互作用（P>0.05）。结论　玻璃陶瓷贴面修复变色牙时,为提高其乳光性能获得自然逼真的修复效果,推荐采用核瓷表面烧结切端瓷的设计,同时可适当增加核瓷厚度,选择具有遮色效果的树脂水门汀。     

温度变化对瓷贴面黏结剂颜色影响的实验研究

目的：研究温度变化对3种瓷贴面黏结剂颜色稳定性的影响。方法：用Vita T4透明瓷制作直径为10．0mm，厚为0．50mm的试件30个，随机分成A、B、C3组，A组采用EB化学固化黏结剂，B组采用RelyX Veneer光固化黏结剂，C组采用RelyX ARC双重固化黏结剂，均与玻璃底座黏结。然后用分光光度仪测境冷热循环前后的L^＊a^＊b^＊值，结果采用SPSS 10．0软件分析，比较3种黏结剂的颜色稳定性。结果：冷热循环前、后，A、B、C3组各自的L^＊a^＊b^＊值均有显著性差异（P〈0．05），平均△E值分别为3．10、1．41和1．43。与冷热循环前相比，3组的明度L^＊值均有显著降低，a^＊、b^＊值则有所增高。结论：EB化学固化黏结剂因颜色变化过于明显而不适宜做贴面黏结剂；RelyX veneer光固化黏结剂和RelyX ARC双重固化黏结剂虽然会发生一定的变色，但是基本能够满足临床美学要求。     

everStick高强纤维树脂贴面与瓷贴面边缘微渗漏的对比研究

目的:研究比较everStick高强纤维树脂贴面与瓷贴面的边缘微渗漏情况.方法:选取新拔除的无龋坏的20颗上中切牙,随机分成两组,每组10颗.分别用everStick高强纤维树脂材料和Cerinate铸瓷制作贴面,使用Single Bond 2进行粘结.经冷热循环500次后品红染色,金刚砂片平行于牙体长轴沿唇舌向将修复体纵向剖开2次,在体式显微镜下测量染料渗入的深度.结果:两种材料微渗漏深度经t检验,显示everStick高强纤维树脂贴面的微渗漏值低于瓷贴面,差异有统计学意义,P＜ 0.05.结论:从微渗漏深度进行评价,everStick高强纤维树脂贴面的边缘微渗漏情况明显优于瓷贴面.     

陶瓷材料对瓷贴面颜色的影响

目的研究两类三种陶瓷材料对瓷贴面修复颜色的影响,为临床工作中瓷贴面修复体与比色板的颜色匹配性提供指导。方法制作直径10mm、厚度0.7mm的A2色瓷贴面圆盘试件,按陶瓷材料及制作工艺分为无遮色长石质烤瓷组、遮色长石质烤瓷组、IPSe.maxPress铸瓷组3组。每组10个试件,共计30个试件。选择Natural Die Material Shade Guide比色板中的ND4、ND6、ND8三种颜色,分别代表轻、中、重度变色牙底色,采用对应颜色树脂各制作1个底色圆盘。对每个瓷贴面试件分别以3种底色圆盘为基牙底色,采用Vita Easyshade电脑比色仪测量瓷贴面修复体的色度值。计算各组瓷贴面修复体与标准比色片A2的色差。结果在轻、中、重度变色牙背景条件下,两种陶瓷材料的瓷贴面修复体与标准比色片A2间色差的比较结果为,IPS e.max Press铸瓷组<无遮色长石质烤瓷组<遮色长石质烤瓷组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用长石质烤瓷贴面及IPS e.max Press热压铸瓷贴面模拟修复不同程度的变色牙时,热压铸瓷贴面与标准比色片的颜色匹配性高于长石质烤瓷贴面。     

应用CAD/CAM制作全瓷贴面的临床研究

目的:探讨CAD/CAM全瓷贴面的临床应用效果。方法:分别制作A2色烤瓷全冠100个单位与全瓷贴面128件。用ShadeEye电脑比色仪检测2种修复体的颜色,临床检查修复体的边缘密合度,颜色以及折裂、脱落情况,观察时间为0.5-2.5年。结果:全瓷贴面颜色在修复完成时与戴用6个月后的检查结果基本一致。在使用6个月后未见颈缘染色现象。边缘密合度方面,未发现食物嵌塞、继发龋、牙龈炎等情况。有5个单位贴面因早接触脱落。尚未发现全瓷贴面折裂现象。A2色全瓷贴面与A2色烤瓷冠之间,颜色无显著性差异。结论:全瓷贴面和烤瓷全冠一样可以满足患者的美观要求。有良好的边缘密合度和抗折强度,具有临床推广价值。     

不同树脂水门汀和瓷表面处理对玻璃陶瓷粘结强度的影响

目的：评价4种不同的树脂水门汀以及2种不同的瓷表面处理方法对玻璃陶瓷粘结强度的影响。方法：选用IPse．Max Press热压铸瓷制作直径分别为5mm和4mm,高2mm的圆柱形瓷片。经打磨抛光后分为喇大组：（1）4％氢氟酸酸蚀40sec,（2）4％氢氟酸酸蚀40sec＋硅烷化处理1min。各组内分别选用VariolinkII,Multflink Sprint,RelyX Unicem,BisCem将大小瓷片成对粘固。再分别经37℃水储24h,以及水储后冷热循环5000次测定剪切强度,并用电镜观察瓷片表面形态。结果：硅烷化处理能明显提高粘结强度。经HF＋硅烷处理后Multflink Sprint（31．7±4．5MPa）,BisCem（29．2±4．4MPa）和RelyX Unicem（28．1±5．5MPa）3组显示出较VafiolinkII（21．8±4．2MPa）高的粘结强度。冷热循环后除硅烷处理且用VariolinkII和RelyX Unicem粘固的实验组外,其余各组粘结强度均显著下降。结论：4种树脂水门汀与经HF和硅烷联合处理的玻璃陶瓷问能达到理想的粘结强度。     

试色糊剂对Ips-empress Ⅱ全瓷贴面颜色的影响

目的：观察试色糊剂对全瓷贴面颜色的影响.方法：收集临床上严重变色或缺损的上前牙50颗,行全瓷贴面修复（Ips-empressⅡ全瓷系统制作）.贴面粘结前由同一实验人员用试色糊剂试色,将全瓷贴面就位后未涂试色糊剂时作为对照组,用电脑比色仪测定其及5种试色糊剂[A1、A3、Transluent（Trt）、White opaque（WOT）和B0.50paque（B0.5）]试色后的L＊、a＊、b＊值,用卡尺测量被测点的瓷层厚度,根据公式△Ea＊b＊=（△L＊2＋△a＊2＋△b＊2）1/2、Cab=（a＊2＋b＊2）1/2、Hab=arctan（b＊/a＊）计算每种糊剂试色后的色差及Cab、Hab值,采用单因素方差分析比较色差值（△Ea＊b＊）和L＊、Cab、Hab值的变化.结果：50例全瓷贴面被测点的平均瓷层厚度为1.088mm,用5种试色糊剂试色后,与对照组之间的色差大小依次为WOT、B0.5、A3、A1、Trt,WOT糊剂和B0.5糊剂引起的色差分别为2.371NBS和1.842NBS,临床上肉眼可以识别,主要表现为L＊值和Cab值增大（P＜0.05）.其余3种糊剂引起的色差不明显,其间均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.结论：试色糊剂有遮色作用,且对黏结剂的选择具有一定指导意义.对变色严重的基牙,可以选用遮色性能较强的WOT或B0.5黏结剂,以削弱基牙颜色对贴面颜色的影响;对变色不严重或无需遮色的基牙,可以酌情选用其他3种黏结剂进行粘结.     

E-max和IPS-EMPRESS Ⅱ全瓷贴面对变色牙颜色改善的研究

目的:观察对比E-max和IPS-EMPRESSS Ⅱ两种全瓷贴面对变色牙颜色改善的修复效果,为临床应用提供参考。方法:对36颗变色上前牙分别采用E-max和IPS—EMPRESS Ⅱ全瓷贴面修复。用Shade-Eye-NCC电脑比色仪分别测定修复前牙齿、贴面就位(无试色糊剂)和试粘接(分别用WOT和Tro试色糊剂)及最后粘接后两种修复体唇侧的中1/3处的L*、a*、b*值,根据色差公式△E=[(△L*)2+(△a*)2+(△b*)2]1/2,对比两种瓷贴面对变色牙的修复效果,为临床应用提供参考。结果:IPS-EMPRESSSⅡ全瓷贴面粘接后与牙体预备前的色差值为7.9960,粘接后与试戴(无试色糊剂)的色差值为2.3906,粘接后与试戴(有试色糊剂)的色差值为1.6578。E-max全瓷贴面粘接后与牙体预备前的色差值为8.2428,粘接后与试戴(无试色糊剂)的色差值为1.4638,粘接后与试戴(有试色糊剂)的色差值为1.2596。两组全瓷贴面试戴后(无试色糊剂)、试粘接(有试色糊剂)、粘接后与基牙牙体预备前△E*在统计学上差异有显著性,两组全瓷贴面修复前后的的L*、a*、b*值之间有统计学差异,修复后的L*增大,a*、b*值减少。试粘接后L*值和b*值增大,a*值减少。修复后的L*、a*、b*值与贴面自身相比存在差异,修复后的L*值偏小,a*、b*值偏大。两组瓷贴面在采用WOT糊剂粘接后L*值、b*值最大,与Trt组比,差异均有统计学意义。结论:E-max全瓷贴面比IPS-EMPRESSSⅡ全瓷贴面更有效改善变色牙的颜色,IPS-EMPRESSSⅡ全瓷贴面粘接后较试戴(无试色糊剂)明亮度降低比E-max瓷贴面明显。     

烤瓷贴面和计算机辅助设计与计算机辅助制作瓷贴面的应用效果比较

目的通过对烤瓷贴面和计算机辅助设计（computer aided design，CAD）与计算机辅助制作（computer aided manufacture，CAM）瓷贴面修复3年后的临床观察和比较，评价CAD—CAM瓷贴面的临床效果。方法选取23例患者制作CAD—CAM瓷贴面65个，25例患者制作烤瓷贴面105个。修复3年后采用改良加利弗尼亚牙科协会一瑞格标准对两种贴面的各项临床指标、存留率及患者满意度进行比较分析。结果烤瓷贴面和CAD—CAM瓷贴面3年存留率分别为96．2％和93．8％；患者满意度分别为92．4％和90．8％。两种贴面在颜色匹配、边缘着色、边缘适合性方面差异无统计学意义。CAD—CAM瓷贴面表面质地优于烤瓷贴面。结论CAD—CAM瓷贴面是一种成功的修复方式。     

可切削瓷贴面厚度及粘接剂对变色牙遮色效果的影响

目的研究CAD／CAM可切削陶瓷贴面厚度与粘接剂颜色双重因素对变色牙修复后颜色效果的影响。方法用C4色复合树脂制作基底板模拟重度变色牙,将5种不同厚度的A1色可切削陶瓷片标准件（厚度分别为0．50mm、0．75mm、1．00mm、1．25him及1．50ram）与6种不同颜色的试色糊剂（A4、opaquewhite、A1、A3、BleachXLOIO、Transparent）混合搭配,分别置于基底板上共30种组合作为实验组,测量其L、a、b值及A-D（VITA）色系结果。计算每种组合与基底板之间的色差值E,进行统计学分析。结果30种组合与基底板之间的色差值（E）均大于1．5NBS,有肉眼可辨的颜色差异。30种组合中,除1．25-op-及1．5-op-的色系为A色系外,其余各组的色系结果均为C或D色系。结论当瓷贴面达到一定厚度且所用糊剂含有遮色成分时,色系结果有明显变化。通过CAD／CAM瓷贴面厚度及试色糊剂颜色的不同组合,能对重度变色牙的遮色效果进行一定程度的调整。     

CAD/CAM全瓷冠边缘适合性的评价

目的：研究采用计算机辅助设计及制作系统（Kavo Everest）制作的氧化锆全瓷冠的边缘适合性。方法：选取1颗无龋的离体前磨牙行牙体预备,双重印模法取模,翻制20个相同尺寸的超硬石膏代型,将代型随机分为2组,分别制作10个金属烤瓷冠和10个Kavo Everest氧化锆全瓷冠。然后采用双色硅橡胶印模法复制间隙模型,应用光学显微镜采集间隙图像及使用AutoCAD2006软件对其厚度进行测量。结果：利用失蜡铸造法制作的金属烤瓷冠的垂直边缘间隙（69.6±29.7）μm,水平边缘间隙（56.1±20.8）μm,绝对边缘间隙（91.1±28.8）μm;利用CAD/CAM制作的氧化锆全瓷冠的垂直边缘间隙（51.4±19.9）μm,水平边缘间隙（41.1±16.8）μm,绝对边缘间隙（66.2±21.9）μm。两种系统制作的冠的水平边缘间隙、垂直边缘间隙、绝对边缘间隙均具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：利用Kavo Everest系统制作的全瓷冠具有良好的边缘适合性。     

CEREC 3制作全瓷贴面修复前牙的临床观察

目的:观察应用Cerec 3系统制作全瓷贴面修复前牙的临床效果.方法:选取18例患者32颗因变色或龋坏的前牙,使用Cerec 3系统制作全瓷贴面.修复后追踪观察3年,按照改良的美国公共健康协会(USPHS)标准对进行临床观察.结果:瓷贴面修复3年后边缘适合性达94％,外形达97％,表面质地达94％,颜色匹配稍差,也达91％.各项指标都达到了B标准,其中外形匹配最令人满意.结论:CEREC3瓷贴面可满足前牙美容修复需要,恰当的染色、上釉有助于提升美观效果.     

超薄贴面与常规贴面临床对比研究

目的：比较超薄贴面与常规贴面的临床效果,为超薄贴面的临床应用提供依据。方法选取超薄贴面20例与常规贴面修复患者45例,基牙分别为72、120颗,3、6、12、24、36个月后随访,依据改良美国公共卫生署贴面评价分类标准进行临床效果对比研究,统计留存率和成功率。结果经过3年观察,超薄贴面和常规贴面在继发龋、边缘适合性、边缘变色、颜色适合性和结构形态方面均有较好的临床表现,留存率及成功率均大于90%,经连续性校正卡方检验差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论超薄贴面可以获得与常规贴面相近的临床效果。     

In vitro chipping behaviour of all‐ceramic crowns with a zirconia framework and feldspathic veneering: comparison of CAD/CAM‐produced veneer with manually layered veneer

The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the breaking load of zirconia‐based crowns veneered with either CAD/CAM‐produced or manually layered feldspathic ceramic. Thirty‐two identical zirconia frameworks (Sirona inCoris ZI, mono L F1), 0·6 mm thick with an anatomically shaped occlusal area, were constructed (Sirona inLab 3.80). Sixteen of the crowns were then veneered by the use of CAD/CAM‐fabricated feldspathic ceramic (CEREC Bloc, Sirona) and 16 by the use of hand‐layered ceramic. The CAD/CAM‐manufactured veneer was attached to the frameworks by the use of Panavia 2.0 (Kuraray). Half of the specimens were loaded until failure without artificial ageing; the other half of the specimens underwent thermal cycling and cyclic loading (1·2 million chewing cycles, force magnitude F_max = 108 N) before the assessment of the ultimate load. To investigate the new technique further, finite element (FE) computations were conducted on the basis of the original geometry. Statistical assessment was made by the use of non‐parametric tests. Initial breaking load was significantly higher in the hand‐layered group than in the CAD/CAM group (mean: 1165·86 N versus 395·45 N). During chewing simulation, however, 87·5% (7/8) of the crowns in the hand‐layered group failed, whereas no crown in the CAD/CAM group failed. The CAD/CAM‐produced veneer was significantly less sensitive to ageing than the hand‐layered veneer.     

The effect of ceramic thickness and number of firings on the color of a zirconium oxide based all ceramic system fabricated using CAD/CAM technology

PURPOSE

Ceramics have a long history in fixed prosthodontics for achieving optimal esthetics and various materials have been used to improve ceramic core strength. However, there is a lack of information on how color is affected by fabrication procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various dentin ceramic thicknesses and repeated firings on the color of zirconium oxide all-ceramic system (Lava™) fabricated using CAD/CAM technology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thirty disc-shaped cores, 12 mm in diameter with a 1 mm thickness were fabricated from zirconium oxide based all ceramic systems (Lava™, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) and divided into three groups (n = 10) according to veneering with dentin ceramic thicknesses: as 0.5, 1, or 1.5 mm. Repeated firings (3, 5, 7, or 9) were performed, and the color of the specimens was compared with the color after the initial firing. Color differences among ceramic specimens were measured using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and data were expressed in CIELAB system coordinates. A repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data (n = 10, α=.05).

RESULTS

L*a*b* values of the ceramic systems were affected by the number of firings (3, 5, 7, or 9 firings) (P<.001) and ceramic thickness (0.5, 1, or 1.5 mm) (P<.001). Significant interactions were present in L*a*b* values between the number of firings and ceramic thickness (P<.001). An increase in number of firings resulted in significant increase in L* values for both 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses (P<.01, P=.013); however it decreased for 1 mm thickness (P<.01). The a* values increased for 1 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses (P<.01), while it decreased for 0.5 mm specimens. The b* values increased significantly for all thicknesses (P<.01, P=.022). As the dentin ceramic thickness increased, significant reductions in L* values (P<.01) were recorded. There were significant increases in both a* and b* values (P<.01) as the dentin ceramic thickness increased.

CONCLUSION

The number of firings and dentin ceramic thickness have a definite effect on the final color of all ceramic system tested. The mean ΔE value increased as the dentin ceramic thicknesses increased for zirconium-oxide based all ceramic specimens tested. However, the mean ΔE values were less than 3.7ΔE units which is rated as a match in the oral environment.     

An in-vitro comparison of fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM Ceramic materials for fabricating Veneer

AimsThis research aims to measure and compare the fracture resistance and modes of failure of the following three chemically varied computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic veneering materials: IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Shofu HC.Materials and methodsTwenty-seven sound human upper premolars were collected and stored in saline at room temperature until the experiment started and were assigned to three groups at random (n = 9). Putty indices were prepared to ensure a standardized butt joint preparation. An InEos X5 scanner was used to scan all the samples, and the resulting data were transferred to a CAD/CAM milling machine for veneer fabrication based on the materials used. Twenty-seven machined ceramic veneers were milled from three different ceramic materials. The cementation process was conducted for each material according to the manufacturer's instructions. To quantify the fracture resistance, all the samples underwent 2000 water cycles in a thermocycler and were then mounted in a universal testing machine at a 90° angle at the occlusal part of the veneer. The modes of failure were determined under a stereomicroscope and grouped into type I, ceramic fracture; type II, combined ceramic and tooth fracture; and type III, root fracture.ResultsShofu HC had the highest mean (±standard deviation) fracture resistance (480.8 ± 92.8 N), followed by IPS e.max CAD (415.9 ± 147.2 N) and Vita Enamic (372.3 ± 123.9 N). However, the results of a one-way analysis of variance did not reveal statistically significant differences among the experimental groups (p = 0.194). The different groups exhibited different modes of failure, with ceramic fracture being the most common type of failure.ConclusionAll the materials tested in this study exhibited strong fracture resistance values, thereby indicating their use as veneering materials for the upper premolars.     

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计算机辅助设计与制造（CAD／CAM）是将光电子技术、计算机技术与数控机械加工技术集成于一体的一门技术。随着计算机技术的飞速发展,CAD／CAM技术在口腔临床上的应用越来越广泛。目前主要使用的有CEREC系统、EVEREST系统、PROCERA系统、CERCON系统和国产爱尔创系统。本文就各系统的设备结构及应用原理和切削材料做一概述。     

全瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的疗效观察

目的：探讨全瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的疗效。方法：选择97颗前牙,全瓷贴面修复,并进行2年的随访,采用美国公共健康协会的修正标准进行评价分析。结果：97颗全瓷贴面在修复完成后6个月,六项评价指标均达到A级;修复完成后1年,修复体周围龋：2颗达到B级;修复完成后2年,2例患者(3颗牙)失访,修复体周围龋：2颗B级、1颗C级,修复体折断：1颗B级,基牙松动：2颗B级。结论：全瓷贴面在前牙美学修复中的临床效果是非常理想的。