新疆霍城地区人群生活方式与慢性牙周炎的相关性研究

目的:通过横断面研究对新疆霍城地区人群不同生活方式与慢性牙周炎的相关性进行分析.方法:对新疆伊宁霍城县体检中心参加健康体检的人群进行随机整群抽样.采用问卷调查收集一般资料和生活方式情况,采用国际体力活动问卷短卷(international physical activity questionnaire,IPAQ)调查其...     

HLAⅡ-DRB1等位基因与口腔扁平苔藓的相关性研究

目的:探讨人类白细胞抗原HLA Ⅱ-DRB1等位基因与新疆汉族口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)患者的相关性.方法:采用多聚酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术,对34例OLP患者和123例正常对照进行HLA Ⅱ-DRB1等位基因表现频率检测.结果:OLP组DRB1*11等位基因表现频率(23.53%)高于正常对照组(9.76%)(P＜0.05);OLP组DRB1*120x等位基因表现频率(5.88%)低于正常对照组(22.76%)(P＜0.05).结论:DRB1*11等位基因可能与新疆地区汉族人群OLP患者易感性相关;DRB1*120x等位基因可能是新疆汉族OLP患者的保护基因.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者颞下颌关节间隙测量

目的:通过对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者的颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)行磁共振扫描分析,探讨OSAHS患者与正常人群颞下颌关节形态的差异.方法:选取2014年1月-2016年5月收治的18例OSAHS患者和18例健康成人,分别记为研究组和对照组;按照呼吸暂停及低通气指数(apnea and hypopnea index,AHI),将OSAHS患者分为轻、中、重3个亚组(n=6).对所有纳入人群行TMJ的MRI扫描并测量关节间隙,采用SPSS 17.0软件包对测量数据进行统计学处理.结果:2组患者在年龄、性别构成、关节上间隙及髁突有无移位方面差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).OSAHS患者TMJ左侧前间隙[(2.61±0.19)mm:(2.47±0.18)mm,P＜0.05]、右侧前间隙[(2.63±0.18)mm:(2.48±0.17)mm,P＜0.0S]大于正常人群.OSAHS患者TMJ左侧后间隙[(2.43±0.20)mm:(2.51±0.19)mm,P＜0.05]、右侧后间隙[(2.44±0.20)mm:(2.60±0.13)mm,P＜0.05]小于正常人群.轻度OSAHS组TMJ左侧前间隙[(2.53±0.26)mm:(2.73±0.07) mm,P＜0.05]、右侧前间隙[(2.54±0.11)mm:(2.74±0.14)mm,P＜0.05]均小于重度组;轻度OSAHS组TMJ左侧后间隙[(2.56±0.29)mm:(2.29±0.09)mm,P＜0.05]、右侧后间隙[(2.55±0.23) mm:(2.31±0.09)mm,P＜0.05]均大于重度组.结论:OSAHS患者的髁突相比正常人群处于关节窝偏后位置.髁突位于关节窝偏后位置的趋势与OSAHS的严重程度相关.     

口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

目的探讨口腔矫治器对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者的临床疗效.方法将32例OSAS患者分为轻中度组和重度组,分别制作"下颌前移型"口腔矫治器并在睡眠时配戴,用多导睡眠图监测患者治疗前后睡眠结构及呼吸功能的变化.结果使用口腔矫治器后轻中度组和重度组患者的呼吸暂停指数(AI)分别平均下降11.3次/小时(P＜0.001)和26.01次/小时(P＜0.001),最低SaO2分别平均升高3.65%(P＜0.01)和19.75秒(P＜0.05).结论口腔矫治器是治疗该病的一种有效的疗法.     

夜磨牙症患者咀嚼肌节律性运动特征与睡眠周期的关系

目的:研究夜磨牙症(sleep bruxim,SB)患者睡眠期咀嚼肌节律性运动(RMMA)的发生特征及其与睡眠周期的关系.方法:对30名SB患者、30名正常人进行连续2夜的多导睡眠监测,统计睡眠结构、睡眠效率、微觉醒指数以及磨牙指数.分析RMMA事件成群性,RMMA分布与睡眠周期的相关性.结果:SB患者微觉醒指数与正常...     

新疆维吾尔族儿童龋病与HLA-DRB1等位基因多态性的相关性研究

目的:探讨人类白细胞抗原(human leucocyte antigen,HLA) -DRB1等位基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族儿童龋病的相关性。方法:采用聚合酶链式反应-序列特异性引物(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer, PCR-SSP)DNA分型技术对40例新疆维吾尔族高龋儿童和40例新疆维吾尔族健康对照儿童进行HLA-DRB1基因分型,研究HLA-DRB1基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族儿童龋病的相关性。结果:高龋组与对照组在HLA-DRB1座位共检出13个特异性基因位点。两组等位基因频率分布有相同之处,均表现为HLA-DRB1* 01基因表达最高(≥47.5%),HLA-DRB1* 08和*09基因表达最低(≤12.5%);高龋组中HLA-DRB1* 11和*13等位基因频率(分别为40.0%和47.5%)显著高于对照组(分别为17.5%和17.5%),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,OR值分别为3.143和3.619);而HLA-DRB1* 04和*07等位基因频率(分别为15.0%和17.5%)显著低于对照组(分别为37.5%和50.0%),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,OR值分别为0.294和0.212)。结论:新疆维吾尔族儿童龋病与HLA-DRB1等位基因多态性具有一定的相关性;HLA-DRB1* 11和*13等位基因可能是该人群的龋病易感基因,HLA-DRB1* 04和*07等位基因可能是该人群的龋病保护基因。     

慢性睡眠剥夺对大鼠髁突MMP-2和MMP-9表达的影响

目的:探讨慢性睡眠剥夺及睡眠恢复对大鼠颞下颌关节髁突基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9表达的影响.方法:利用改良多平台法(MMP M)法对大鼠施加为期1、2、3、4周时间的慢性睡眠剥夺,并利用旷场实验进行检验,通过HE染色观察实验组、对照组和恢复组大鼠髁突软骨组织的结构变化,通过免疫组织化学方法检测各组大鼠髁突MMP-2、MMP-9的表达变化.结果:旷场实验中各实验组及恢复组在结束慢性睡眠剥夺时水平得分与垂直得分均高于对照组大鼠,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).恢复组经过1周时间睡眠恢复后水平得分与垂直得分与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05).HE染色观察发现,慢性睡眠剥夺后实验组大鼠髁突软骨出现了退行性表现.恢复组与实验组相比,软骨组织出现修复性增生改变.免疫组织化学结果显示:MMP-2、MMP-9在各时间点实验组中的阳性表达强度高于对照组(P<0.05),各时间点恢复组阳性表达强度低于实验组(P<0.05).结论:慢性睡眠剥夺可引起大鼠髁突软骨退行性改变,软骨细胞分泌的MMP-2、MMP-9参与了其病理改变的进程.     

白介素10启动子区单核苷酸多态性与口腔鳞状细胞癌相关性研究

目的:研究白介素10(IL-10)基因rs1800871(-819T/C)、rs1800872(-592A/C)位点与中国汉族人群口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)易感性及相关危险因素的关系.方法:共纳入125例OSCC患者(病例组)及110例年龄性别均匹配的对照人群(对照组),提取研究对象基因组DNA进行聚合酶链反应(PCR...     

夜磨牙患者的多导睡眠监测研究

目的:研究夜磨牙(sleepbruxism,SB)患者与正常人睡眠状况的不同,磨牙症状在不同睡眠阶段的分布,以及磨牙症状与患者睡眠姿势的关系。方法:对实验组6名夜磨牙患者,对照组8名正常人,都进行一整夜的多导睡眠监测。结果:1.与对照组比,夜磨牙患者快速动眼睡眠期(Rapideyemovement,REM)时间较长,其睡眠百分比较高,通过t检验二者间差异有显著性;2.SB患者磨牙症状散在的发生于各个睡眠阶段;3.患者中有2名右侧尖牙磨损较重者,睡眠时以左侧卧位为主;3名左侧尖牙磨损较重的,睡眠时以右侧卧位为主;1名前后牙磨损均较重者,以仰卧睡眠姿势为主;对照组4名以双侧卧位睡眠为主,2名以单侧卧位睡眠为主,2名仰卧位睡眠为主,未发现左右侧、前后牙齿磨损的不均衡。结论:1.SB患者组的快速动眼睡眠期睡眠时间明显长于对照组;2.磨牙症状散在的发生于各个睡眠阶段;3.磨牙与睡眠姿势有一定关系。     

OSAHS与无睡眠呼吸障碍老年腭咽及其周围组织结构的MRI比较研究

目的研究睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症(OSAHS)与无睡眠呼吸障碍的老年男性腭咽及周围组织结构的三维形态差异.材料与方法70岁以上老年男性18名,根据夜间多导睡眠监测结果,8人AHI＞10,定为OSAHS组(T1组);10人AHI≤10,为无睡眠呼吸障碍组(T2组).所有受试者均行磁共振(MRI)检查,对两组腭咽及周围组织的MRI测量结果进行比较.结果①OSAHS组腭咽体积、截面积明显小于无睡眠呼吸障碍组;②与无睡眠呼吸障碍组相比OSAHS组腭咽左右径明显小、前后径/左右径之比明显大.③OSAHS组腭咽侧壁厚明显大于无呼吸障碍组、脂间距也明显小于后者.④两组的腭咽前壁厚度、后壁厚度、脂肪垫体积、舌体积、软腭体积没有显著差异.结论老年男性OSAHS患者由于腭咽侧壁增厚及咽旁脂肪垫的挤压,使腭咽左右径减小、截面积减小且形状趋圆,腭咽体积也减小.     

Aggravation of respiratory disturbances by the use of an occlusal splint in apneic patients: a pilot study

PURPOSE: This pilot study was designed to test the hypothesis that the use of a single oral splint may aggravate respiratory disturbance in sleep apneic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 10 patients with a history of snoring and a recording night confirming a diagnosis of sleep apnea were included. Patients were then invited to spend 2 nights in the sleep laboratory: night 2 to establish baseline data (baseline night) and night 3, 1 week later, to assess the influence of an occlusal maxillary splint on sleep (splint night). The following variables were analyzed under blind conditions: total sleep time, sleep efficiency and number of awakenings, microarousals, apnea-hypopnea index per hour of sleep (AHI), respiratory disturbances index per hour of sleep (RDI), and percentage of sleeping time with snoring. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in AHI was noted between baseline and splint nights. However, four patients experienced an aggravation in apnea diagnosis category on the night they used the splint. The AHI was increased by more than 50% in 5 of the 10 patients. The RDI showed a 30% increase from baseline to splint nights. The percentage of sleeping time with snoring also increased by 40% with the splint. CONCLUSION: This open study suggested that the use of an occlusal splint is associated with a risk of aggravation of respiratory disturbances. It may therefore be relevant for clinicians to question patients about snoring and sleep apnea when recommending an occlusal splint.     

Longitudinal study of the association between smoking as a periodontitis risk and salivary biomarkers related to periodontitis

BACKGROUND: Insufficient data exist regarding the long-term influence of lifestyle factors including smoking on periodontal health. The objective of this study was to examine the prospective association between smoking and periodontal disease progression and the effects of smoking on salivary biomarkers related to periodontitis. METHODS: Probing depth (PD) was measured at health checkups of workers in 1999 and 2003; additionally, lifestyle information was obtained through a questionnaire. In 2003, 219 of 256 (86%) workers examined at baseline completed PD measurements; saliva samples were also collected. Change in PD was used for assessment of periodontitis progression when three or more sites displayed an increase of >or=2 mm over 4 years. Salivary biomarker levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme assay. Statistical methods included bivariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: In the multiple logistic model, in which lifestyle-related factors served as independent variables, significant variables were current smoking and hours of sleep; respective odds ratios were 2.3 and 2.1. Additionally, 38.5% of periodontal disease progression was attributable to current smoking. Moreover, pack-years of smoking showed a dose-response relationship with disease progression. Levels of salivary markers including prostaglandin E(2), lactoferrin, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly lower in current smokers than in non-current smokers. However, no meaningful differences in the proportions of six periodontal pathogens were observed between current and non-current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking exerted the greatest influence on periodontitis risk among lifestyle factors. Smoking may suppress the host-defense system, which may promote periodontal disease progression.     

Relationship between overweight-obesity and periodontal disease in Mexico

The aim of this study was to examine the association between overweight-obesity and periodontal disease in subjects who attended the clinic of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis de Potosi, México. This was cross-sectional study involving 88 subjects--60 without overweight-obesity and 28 with overweight-obesity. The following clinical parameters were evaluated: dental bacterial plaque, index of calculus, gingivitis, probing depth and periodontal disease index (PDI). When comparing the group of subjects with overweight-obesity to the control, there were statistically significant differences in the variables calculus (p = 0.0015), gingivitis (p = 0.0050) and periodontal disease (p = 0.0154). Regarding the logistic regression analysis, the dependent variable was subjects with and without overweight-obesity and the independent variables were sex, age and periodontal disease. We found statistically significant differences (p = 0.0162) with OR = 3.16 in periodontal disease. Periodontal disease showed statistically significant differences in the group of subjects with overweight-obesity. The oral health of subjects with overweight-obesity should be supervised and checked in order to prevent oral alterations.     

The effects of cigarette smoking and exercise on total salivary antioxidant activity

Objectives

This study was conducted to determine the effects of both cigarette smoking and exercise on total salivary antioxidants and their impact on periodontal health status.

Microimplant-based mandibular advancement therapy for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective study

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of orthodontic microimplant–based mandibular advancement therapies for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adult patients.Materials and Methods:Ten adult OSA patients (seven men, three women; mean age 60.00 ± 9.25 years) were each treated with two mandibular orthodontic microimplants attached to a customized reverse face mask for mandibular advancement. Pretreatment and posttreatment outcome measures of microimplant mobility, apnea-hypopnea index, snoring, respiratory movement, and Epworth sleepiness scores were evaluated after 6 months.Results:Highly significant reductions in the apnea-hypopnea index, snoring, and sleep variables were observed. Sixteen of the 20 (80%) microimplants were stable and showed no mobility, and four (20%) demonstrated grade 1 or 2 mobility and required removal and reinsertion of a new microimplant.Conclusions:Favorable reductions in sleep variables highlight the potential of microimplant-based mandibular advancement therapy as an alternative treatment modality for OSA patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure and oral appliance therapy.     

Relationship Between Decrease of Erythrocyte Count and Progression of Periodontal Disease in a Rural Japanese Population

Background: Limited research has been reported on the relationship between periodontal status and erythrocyte parameters. In the present study, longitudinal data from health checkups are used to clarify the relationship between periodontal disease progression and changes in parameters of erythrocytes. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 120 subjects (35 men and 85 women; age range: 30 to 63 years) participated in a comprehensive health screening and dental checkup in 2006 and 2007. Medical examinations, including anthropometric and manometric measurements, blood‐chemistry tests, and oral examinations, were performed. Subjects with periodontal disease progression (i.e., the progression group) were defined based on the presence of ≥1 tooth demonstrating a longitudinal loss of periodontal attachment ≥3 mm or tooth loss during the study period. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank, χ², Fisher exact, and Mann‐Whitney U tests and stepwise logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. Results: The progression group comprised 30 subjects. A significant difference between the progression and non‐progression groups was observed in changes of erythrocyte counts but not those of the body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, triglycerides, high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the progression of periodontal disease was associated with a change (year 2007 minus year 2006) of erythrocyte counts (adjusted odds ratio = 0.970; P = 0.009) after adjusting for age at baseline. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the progression of periodontal disease is associated with a decrease in erythrocyte counts in a rural Japanese population.     

Association Between Obesity and Periodontitis in Pregnant Females

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether overweight and obesity before pregnancy are associated with periodontitis during pregnancy. Methods: This study examined a total of 315 pregnant females at 21 to 24 weeks of gestation. Overweight and obesity were defined based on criteria proposed by the World Health Organization Expert Consultation. Periodontal conditions were assessed by measuring clinical periodontal attachment loss (AL). To investigate whether obese pregnant females have increased risk according to the extent of periodontitis, the data were divided into two groups: 1) generalized periodontitis and 2) localized periodontitis. A comparison among underweight, normal‐weight, and overweight/obese groups for explanatory variables was analyzed using the χ² test for categorical variables and an analysis of variance for continuous variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with adjustments for age, health and oral health behaviors, and obstetric information. Results: Age, age at first delivery, periodontitis, and periodontal conditions (two or more interproximal sites with AL ≥4 mm not on the same tooth) were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (P <0.05). The adjusted odds ratio of periodontitis was 4.57 (95% confidence interval = 2.30 to 9.07) for overweight and obese females (BMI ≥23 kg/m²), after adjusting for all of the covariates. Conclusion: There is a strong association between prepregnancy overweight/obesity and periodontitis in pregnant females.     

Association between oral health and acute coronary syndrome in elderly people

With the aim of contributing information to help clarify the association between oral health, periodontal disease and ischemic cardiomyopathy, a comparative study was performed on hospitalized patients with and without acute coronary syndrome (ACS), evaluating atherogenic risk factors (ARF), level of oral hygiene and dental and periodontal health status. The study included patients in the coronary unit with ACS and patients in regular floor bed without evidence of cardiovascular pathology at Hospital Espa?ol, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The following ARFs were analyzed for all patients: hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, obesity and smoking. The clinical dental examination included recording dental charts and variables related to oral hygiene, epidemiological indices and diagnosis of periodontal disease. The data collected were used to compare the ACS Group to the Control Group regarding prevalence of the ARFs and clinical dental variables studied. A total of 146 patients were studied: 81 male and 65 female, with average age 69.8 +/- 10.14 years. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was found to be significantly higher in patients in the ACS group than in the control group (p = 0.043). The other ARFs considered did not differ. The levels of oral hygiene were similar in both study groups. The prevalence of decayed and filled teeth was similar in both groups, although there was a significantly higher number of missing teeth in the ACS group (p < 0.001). Patients with ACS had more severe periodontal disease and higher levels of gingival inflammation than the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Oral health of patients with ACS was worse than oral health of patients without cardiovascular disease. The difference was shown by greater severity of periodontal disease in patients with ACS even though the level of oral hygiene was similar in both groups.     

Snoring in cleft patients with velopharyngoplasty

Some patients with cleft lip/palate or isolated cleft palate seem to develop snoring as one possible symptom of an obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome after velopharyngoplasty (VPP). The aim of this paper was to determine whether there was a difference in the posterior airway space (PAS) between patients with a VPP who snored and those who did not. Four standard parameters were measured in lateral cephalograms of 20 patients with cleft lip/palate and isolated cleft palate, without diagnosis of further syndromes (e.g. Pierre Robin sequence), having undergone VPP, to examine the dimensions of the PAS. Data were set in correlation to the symptom of snoring, and compared with those of 40 patients without cleft undergoing orthodontic treatment and with 20 patients with cleft lip/palate or isolated cleft palate but not VPP. Metric parameters were significantly different after VPP in patients with clefting and snoring compared to the group of cleft patients without snoring. All patients with clefts exhibited at least in one dimension a constriction when compared to patients without clefting. In conclusion, cleft lip/palate and isolated cleft palate patients tend to have constrictions of the PAS. VPP may induce snoring and further narrowing. Recall and analysis for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome should be mandatory.     

Association between periodontal disease and acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Well-known risk factors independently or combined participate in both myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Recent data have shown that viral and bacterial infections may also contribute to the acute thromboembolic events. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between periodontal health and coronary heart disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary heart disease. METHODS: A total of 120 patients, 60 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 60 with chronic coronary heart disease (CCHD) were included in this study. The patients in the AMI group (50 men and 10 women; mean age 53.8 +/- 9.5 years) were admitted to the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ege because of AMI. The CCHD patients group (42 men and 18 women; mean age 58.5 +/- 11.6 years) had no documented history of recent acute coronary events. All patients were clinically examined and completed a medical questionnaire. Missing teeth, restorations, probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Blood samples were taken on admission for measurements of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), and fasting blood glucose level. Sample proportions were compared by chi square test, quantitative variables with Student t test. The relation of clinical parameters and conventional risk factors to AMI was assessed with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The number of sites with PD > or = 4 mm, the percentage of sites exhibiting BOP, smoking status, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were statistically different between AMI and CCHD groups (P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of sites exhibiting BOP, the number of sites with PD > or = 4, the number of restorations, smoking status, and triglycerides levels were significantly associated with AMI (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that periodontal disease may be associated with acute myocardial infarction. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the importance of periodontal health in the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in a Turkish population. We propose that prospective randomized studies are needed to determine whether periodontal disease is a risk factor in the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction.