全身麻醉下儿童口腔治疗术后不良反应的影响因素分析

目的 对儿童口腔全身麻醉（dental general anesthesia,DGA）治疗进行回顾性分析,探讨术后不良反应及其影响因素。方法 收集2021年1月至2023年1月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院口腔科门诊全身麻醉下行舒适化口腔治疗的47例患儿病例资料,记录术后各项不良反应,包括有无哭闹、牙疼、口腔不适、情绪不稳易激惹、发热、牙龈渗血、咳嗽、口唇红肿等。选择性别、年龄、身体质量指数（BMI）、手术时长、总治疗牙数和既往治牙史作为影响因素进行统计分析。结果 ≤4岁组、BMI异常组、手术时长> 3 h组、总治疗牙数>10颗组患儿出现≥2种术后不良反应的发生率分别高于> 4岁组、BMI正常组、手术时长≤3 h组、总治疗牙数≤10颗组,差异均有统计学意义（均P <0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄（OR=3.967,95%CI:1.154～13.636,P=0.029）、BMI(OR=10.905,95%CI:1.192～95.921,P=0.039)、总治疗牙数（OR=19.460,95%CI:2.759～149.474,P=0.004...     

疼痛综合管理策略在儿童日间全麻下口腔治疗中应用的随机对照研究

目的 探讨疼痛综合管理策略在儿童日间全麻下口腔治疗中的应用效果。方法 2020年1月至8月某院接受日间全身麻醉下口腔治疗儿童,年龄3～7周岁,按美国麻醉医师协会（American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA）分级为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,治疗牙齿数≥10颗。120名儿童被随机分配到2组,综合策略组（H组,n=60）采用疼痛综合管理策略,包括超前镇痛、疼痛管理指导、微信评估（在术后4、6、24 h通过扫描二维码进行疼痛评估）三项内容;对照组（C组,n=60）无超前镇痛及疼痛管理指导,仅进行微信评估疼痛。术后2 h采用表情、下肢、活动、哭闹、可安慰性（face,legs,activity,cry and consolability,FLACC）量表对2组进行疼痛评估。术后4、6、24 h采用父母疼痛测量量表（parents postoperative pain measure,PPPM）对2组进行疼痛评估。结果 与C组相比,H组术后2 h FLACC得分显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。H组在术后4、6、24 h三个时间点显著疼痛（PPPM≥6分）...     

家长对全身麻醉下儿童口腔治疗的接受度调查及其影响因素分析

目的 基于问卷调查分析家长对全身麻醉下儿童口腔治疗的接受度并探讨其影响因素。方法 选择2022年3月至2023年2月于第四军医大学口腔医院儿童口腔科行全身麻醉下口腔治疗患儿家长524名。通过调查问卷分析家长对治疗方式的接受度,以及患儿年龄、家长年龄、家庭月收入、家长龋齿状况及对牙科全身麻醉（dental general anesthesia,DGA）治疗过程了解程度等因素对家长接受度的影响。结果 本次调查共发放调查问卷524份,回收506份有效问卷,回收率为96.6%。506名家长中有237名（占46.8%）完全接受治疗方式,250名家长（占49.4%）表示一般接受,有19名家长（占3.8%）表示不能接受。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示,患儿年龄（OR=1.635,95%CI:1.115～2.405,P=0.012）、家长龋齿状况（OR=1.652,95%CI:1.029～2.669,P=0.039）及对DGA治疗过程了解程度（OR=0.076,95%CI:0.032～0.171,P <0.001）是家长对全身麻醉下儿童口腔治疗接受度的独立影响因素。结论 家长对全身麻...     

右美托咪定复合七氟烷在儿童口腔全麻治疗中的效果评价

目的: 观察右美托咪定复合七氟烷用于儿童口腔全麻治疗的疗效及其影响因素。方法: 将120例拟行口腔全麻治疗（>90 min）的患儿随机分为右美托咪定复合七氟烷组（D组）和七氟烷组(S组),每组60例。D组经面罩吸入4%~6%七氟烷,静脉推注芬太尼1 μg/kg,咪唑安定0.1 mg,丙泊酚2 mg/kg,罗库溴铵0.3 mg/kg。待患儿睫毛反射消失后,进行气管插管,以2%~3%七氟烷吸入维持。手术开始时,泵注丙泊酚,速度为9~12 mg/(kg·h);同时先以1 μg/kg速度泵注右美托咪定15 min后,减为0.5 μg/（kg·h）维持直至手术结束。S组未泵注右美托咪定。监测患儿入室（T1）、睫毛反射消失（T2）、泵注右美托咪定10 min（T3）、手术开始（T4）、手术结束（T5）时的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）及Ramsay镇静评分,记录手术完成时间、手术后患儿苏醒时间、拔管时间、麻醉后恢复室（PACU）内小儿苏醒期躁动评分（PAED）。采用 SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 2组手术完成时间比较差异无统计学意义;术中T3-T5时D组MAP、HR显著低于S组（P<0.05）, Ramsay镇静评分显著高于S组（P<0.05）;D组苏醒时间、拔管时间显著高于S组;在PACU内,D组小儿苏醒期PAED评分显著低于S组。结论: 右美托咪定复合七氟烷用于儿童口腔全麻手术,患儿循环指标稳定,对呼吸影响小。虽然苏醒时间有所延长,但可提高苏醒质量。     

动机性访谈技术在儿童口腔全麻术后疗效评估

目的:对比两种不同的口腔健康管理方式在改善DGA患儿术后效果的差异,并进一步研究其可能存在的影响因素。方法：将130名进行DGA治疗的患儿作为研究对象,分为试验组和对照组,记录患儿DGA术前、术后1、3、6月龋活跃性、龋齿数及口腔卫生习惯,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果：与术前相比,1月、3月、6月复查的患龋风险及患龋率均下降,但试验组下降更明显,且差异具有统计学意义。术后6月随访时,龋态风险和患龋人数相关,差异具有统计学意义。风险因素显示仅睡前吃甜食饮料、牙线使用情况与DGA术后龋病复发有明显相关,差异具有统计学意义。结论：动机性访谈技术与传统常规口腔宣教相比,在降低DGA术后龋风险及患龋率方面有明显的优势,值得在临床中进一步推广。     

DGA下龋病治疗对儿童口腔健康及生长发育的近期影响

目的 随访在全身麻醉下行龋病治疗的患儿,分析全麻下龋病治疗对儿童口腔健康及生长发育的近期影响。方法 收集2017年2月—2018年1月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院儿童口腔科进行全身麻醉下龋病治疗并符合研究标准的全部病例。经患儿家长知情同意,研究者在术前、术后随访时检查患儿口腔情况,记录身高、体重,检测龋活跃性。采用SPSS 25.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 治疗前患儿平均龋均值为14.02,夜奶喂养及过早人工喂养的患儿龋均值明显偏高。术后3个月时龋病复发率为25.67%,6个月时龋病复发率为50%。治疗后患儿龋活跃性发生明显改变,3次随访结果中,龋活性值在术后3个月时最低。全麻治疗后患儿用餐时间显著缩短,进食次数及摄入甜食的频率明显下降,刷牙时间明显延长。术后BMI处于正常范围的儿童数量显著增加。结论 全身麻醉下龋病治疗可在短期内显著降低患儿的龋活跃性,改善患儿的口腔健康行为和发育情况。但大部分患儿治疗后仍具有较高的龋复发风险。     

儿童口腔治疗的心理分析及对策

1　对象与方法1.1　对象　随机抽取 1999～ 2 0 0 1年口腔门诊接受治疗的儿童 6 80例 ,男女各 340例 ,要求无智力障碍和精神障碍 ,除口腔疾病外 ,无全身慢性疾病的发育正常儿童。1.2　方法　教育诱导前后对儿童的合作程度标准度进行评估 ,评估的标准为 :1级 :乐意接受治疗。 2级 :不愿意接受治疗 ,经教育诱导转为合作的患儿 (包括治疗中不哭泣不反抗者 )。 3级 :不愿意接受治疗 ,经教育诱导不成功 ,最后采取强制手段治疗者。2　结果　　 6 80例儿童在接受教育诱导前口腔治疗时的合作分析结果见表 1。表 1　 680例儿童口腔治疗时的合作程度分…     

儿童口腔门诊全身麻醉操作指南

近年来,在全身麻醉状态下完成门诊儿童口腔诊疗,已逐渐发展成为一种较成熟的行为管理模式。由于门诊儿童口腔诊治时间短、流动性大、周转快,对麻醉及诊疗期的管理提出更高要求。中华口腔医学会镇静镇痛专业委员会组织专家,制定儿童口腔门诊全身麻醉操作指南,从口腔门诊实施全身麻醉的范围、临床基本条件、口腔诊疗种类、诊治前评估与准备、麻醉实施与监测、恢复和苏醒期管理、常见并发症及处理要点等方面给出具有可操作性的实施规范,对促进我国儿童门诊全身麻醉下口腔诊疗安全性和舒适化的快速发展具有重要意义。     

口服与肌注咪达唑仑镇静治疗儿童牙科焦虑症的临床疗效对比

目的:评估咪达唑仑口服或肌注两种不同给药方法对牙科焦虑症患儿牙科治疗时的镇静效果。方法:将2020年1月~2020年7月于深圳市儿童医院口腔科接受咪达唑仑镇静下牙齿治疗的90例患儿随机分为两组,每组45例。肌注组给予肌注咪达唑仑(0.2 mg/kg),口服组给予口服咪达唑仑(0.6 mg/kg,单次最大剂量20.0 mg)。采用Ramssay量表评估患儿镇静情况,Frankl量表评估患儿治疗依从性,Houpt量表评估患儿治疗完成情况。同时记录药物起效时间、患儿治疗过程中的心率、血氧饱和度、术中及术后不良反应情况等。结果:肌注组起效时间(13.0±2.0)min明显短于口服组(15.6±1.8)min,差异有统计学意义(t=6.489,P<0.05)。两组的Ramssay量表评分中位分值(Z=-1.089,P=0.276),Frankl量表评分中位分值(Z=-0.0863,P=0.388)及Houpt量表评分中位分值(Z=-1.854,P=0.064)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),评分分布相似。两组患儿的镇静成功率(χ^2=0.178,P>0.05)及治疗成功率(χ^2=3.103,P>0.05)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.080,P>0.05)。结论:口服或肌注咪达唑仑镇静效果相似,是治疗牙科焦虑症患儿的安全有效的镇静方法,但肌注组的镇静起效更快。     

Dental treatment of patients with systemic diseases compared to patients with developmental disabilities under general anesthesia

The medical and dental records were examined for 46 patients with systemic diseases (SD) and 75 patients with developmental disabilities (DD) aged 2-20 years, who had received dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA). Age, gender, decayed missing and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT), dental procedures, duration of GA, and posttreatment hospitalization were recorded. Before treatment, dental disease in the primary teeth was significantly higher among the group with SD (p= 0.04). In the permanent teeth, dental disease was higher among the group with DD, though not significantly. More teeth were restored, (p= 0.015) and total dmft (p= 0.043) was significantly higher among subjects with SD. In the permanent teeth, more extracted and more restored teeth and higher DMFT were noted among subjects with DD, though not significantly. Only pulpectomies were significantly more prevalent among those with DD (p= 0.038). Six subjects needed hospitalization due to their diseases after GA.     

西安市1002名家长对儿童牙科全身麻醉技术认知及接受度调查

目的：了解家长对儿童牙科全身麻醉技术（dental general anesthesia,DGA）的认知和接受程度并分析其可能的影响因素。方法：向2011年11月．2012年3月间前来第四军医大学121腔医学院儿童口腔科就诊的1002名初、复诊患儿家长解释DGA后由家长完成调查问卷,数据采用SPSSll．0软件行统计学分析。家长对DGA的接受度采用相对数形式统计,利用X^2检验明确不同因素是否影响家长对DGA的接受。结果：儿童口腔治疗常见的行为诱导方法中,家长对DGA的熟悉程度较低,仅有6．69％的家长听说并对其有所了解。在医生提出建议时,20．76％的家长会接受该技术,61．98％的家长担心麻醉药物的副作用,同时分别有超过33．33％的家长认为全麻技术会对患儿大脑及身体发育产生影响。经统计学分析,家长对DGA的接受度与家庭月收入,家长最高学历及地域因素有关P〈0．05）。结论：DGA在国内儿童口腔医学领域是一种新兴牙科行为诱导技术,患儿家长对其了解较少,接受度普遍偏低。医生在选择该方法时应做好解释工作并获得家长的知情同意。     

Dental and health aspects in the co-occurrence of Treacher Collins and Down syndromes: Case report

The goal of this case report is to identify the dental care of a patient who has co-occurrence of Treacher Collins and Down syndromes. It is the third case reported in the literature and the first relating dental treatment under general anesthesia and multidisciplinary importance. It was necessary the child's nutritional assessment in this case. This case highlights the importance of individualizing therapeutic protocols, due to the behavioral aspects of patients with special needs, optimizing treatment results in a single session under general anesthesia. Oral health is closely related to overall health, and it is important for awareness that the whole influences the success of medical treatment.     

口腔颌面外科手术全麻后苏醒延迟的临床分析

目的探讨全麻术后苏醒延迟的原因及临床处理方法。方法对本院1996—1998年11例口腔颌面外科手术全麻后苏醒延迟的原因及临床处理进行了回顾性分析。结果苏醒延迟的原因主要有低氧、药物过量、脑外伤及严重电解质紊乱等。临床处理以维持呼吸道通畅、血流动力学稳定为原则,必要时采用脑保护措施,适当应用催醒药。结论避免苏醒延迟重在预防。对苏醒延迟患者要正确分析原因,对症处理。     

Dental treatment under general anesthesia for special‐needs patients: analysis of the literature

The aim of the present review was to identify the studies published on dental treatment under general anesthesia for special‐needs patients. A comprehensive search of the reported literature from January 1966 to May 2012 was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Embase. Keywords used in the search were “dental treatment under general anesthesia”, “special‐needs patients”, “medically‐compromised patients”, and “children”, in various combinations. Studies published only on dental treatment under general anesthesia and in English were included. Only 10 studies were available for final analysis. Age range from 1 to 50 years, and restorative procedures, were most prevalent. Only two studies discussed repeated general anesthesia, with rates of 7.2% and 10.2%. Over time, the provision of general anesthesia for special‐needs patients has changed from dental clinics to general hospitals. The demand for dental treatment for special‐needs patients under general anesthesia continues to increase. Currently, there are no certain accepted protocols for the provision of dental treatment under general anesthesia.     

Incidence and Related Factors Associated with Postpreparation Pain after Intracanal Procedures in a Dental Teaching Hospital

目的:了解根管预备后疼痛发生率,并对一些可能与疼痛发生有关的因素进行分析.方法:选取2001年7月至2002年2月间武汉大学口腔医院牙体牙髓科完成的非一次法根管治疗纪录表,将相关信息输入计算机后作Chi-square test和logistic回归分析.结果:根管预备后疼痛发生率为11.5%.单因素分析和logistic回归发现身体状况、年龄、牙位于上颌或下颌、术前有无叩痛及牙髓活力为影响疼痛发生率的主要因素.结论:根管预备术后疼痛发生率较低;根管预备术后疼痛发生率受多种因素影响.     

Preoperative Factors Associated with Anesthesia Failure for Patients Undergoing Nonsurgical Root Canal Therapy: A National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Study

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to identify preoperative factors associated with local anesthesia failure.MethodsThe National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (www.NationalDentalPBRN.org) data from 534 patients who received a nonsurgical root canal treatment completed in a single appointment were included in this analysis. Three methods for defining anesthesia failure were used: definition 1, patient-reported level of numbness; definition 2, provider-reported quality of anesthesia; and definition 3, provider-reported use of supplemental anesthesia. Fifty-one preoperative factors were investigated and analyzed individually against the overall failure rate for each method, and multivariate generalized estimating equation logistic models were fit with predictors chosen using stepwise model selection to evaluate factors that may interact with each other.ResultsThe overall anesthesia failure rates were 5%, 15%, and 30% for definitions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Provider experience, diabetes, absence of sharp or aching pain, absence of smoking, and a fair expected outcome were associated with anesthesia failure (definition 1). Provider level of training, absence of a sinus tract, bite sensitivity, and stress making the pain worse were associated with anesthesia failure (definition 2). Provider level of training, pain provoked by stimulus, mandibular teeth, teeth with vital pulps, and pain interfering with daily activities were associated with the use of supplemental anesthesia (definition 3).ConclusionsWith the range of 5%–30% of anesthesia failures, a few common factors across the models assessed were elucidated. Providers with higher levels of training had significantly fewer anesthesia failures. Patient self-reported history of diabetes and preoperative pain-related interference with daily activities were associated with more anesthesia failures. Greater severity of various tooth-related pain characteristics, as a group but not individually, accounted for more anesthesia failures.