他汀类药物联合常规药物治疗阿尔茨海默病有效性与安全性的meta分析

目的 近几年阿尔茨海默病（AD）发病被证明与胆固醇代谢相关,而他汀类药物能否治疗AD也颇具争议。现采用meta分析方法系统评价他汀类药物联合常规药物治疗AD的有效性与安全性,为临床联用他汀类药物类药物治疗AD提供参考依据。方法 由2名研究者独立平行检索CNKI、万方数据库、维普数据库（VIP）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、PubMed、SCI中他汀类药物与AD的相关文献,筛选并进行质量评价,采用REvman 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果 最终纳入文献8篇,共计8个随机对照研究（RCT）,609例患者,其中他汀类药物联合常规用药治疗组304例,对照组305例。与对照组相比,他汀类药物类药物联合治疗组简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）评分更高（MD=1.30,95%CI：0.70～1.90,P<0.001）;日常生活能力量表（ADL）评分更低（MD=-5.28,95%CI：-7.61～-2.96）,P<0.001）。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（RR=1.82,95%CI：0.37～8.99）,P=0.46）。结论 常规治疗基础上联合他汀类药物可进一步改善AD患者的认知功能,提高AD患者日常生活能力,且未增加不良反应发生率。     

创伤后重型急性弥漫性脑肿胀临床治疗策略

目的 探讨重型创伤后急性弥漫性脑肿胀（PADBS）患者保守治疗与手术治疗的疗效。方法 分析 2016年1月—2019年12月该院神经外科收治的44例重型PADBS患者,根据治疗方式分为手术组和保守治疗组,统计入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分、头颅CT检查情况、伤后6个月格拉斯哥预后量表（GOS）评分等资料。结果 两组患者入院时年龄、性别及GCS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者伤后6个月时GOS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但两组住院时间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,手术组长于保守治疗组。结论 重型PADBS在无瞳孔变化及GCS评分下降的情况下,可密切观察病情下选择保守治疗。     

丙戊酸钠治疗小儿全面强直阵挛性发作相关认知功能障碍的影响因素分析

目的 探讨丙戊酸钠治疗全面强直阵挛性发作相关认知功能障碍的影响因素。方法 选取2017年1月至2019年5月在我院就诊的80例小儿全面强直阵挛性发作癫痫患者作为研究对象。所有患儿均给予丙戊酸钠治疗,后依据韦氏儿童智力量表（WlSC-CR）智商得分分为认知正常组（≥ 80分）和认知障碍组（<80分）。分析丙戊酸钠治疗3个月后认知功能障碍的影响因素。结果 两组患儿的发病年龄、每月发病频率、治疗剂量及疗程比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。回归分析显示,发病年龄<5岁、每月发病频率≥ 3次、治疗剂量≥ 35 mg/（kg·d）、治疗疗程≥ 6个月是丙戊酸钠治疗小儿癫痫后认知功能障碍的危险因素（P<0.05）。认知障碍组治疗3个月后每月发病频率、治疗剂量、治疗疗程与VIQ、PIQ、FIQ呈负相关（P<0.05）;发病年龄与VIQ、PIQ、FIQ呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论 发病年龄<5岁、每月发病频次≥ 3次、治疗剂量≥ 35 mg/（kg·d）、治疗疗程≥ 6个月是丙戊酸钠治疗小儿癫痫后认知功能障碍的危险因素。     

早期强化降压与标准降压治疗对高血压脑出血老年患者功能改善及预后的影响比较

目的 探讨早期强化降压与标准降压治疗对高血压脑出血老年患者术后功能改善及预后的影响。方法 选取四川省巴中市中心医院南坝分院高血压脑出血老年患者200例（2016年3月-2019年1月），按照随机数字表法分为强化降压组（n=100）与标准降压组（n=100）。强化降压组在常规干预基础上采取强化降压治疗，标准降压组采取指南标准降压治疗。统计两组治疗前及治疗后第1、7及14天时神经功能（NIHSS）、血肿体积与血肿扩大率、核因子κβ（NF-κβ）、血管性血友病因子（vWF）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）值，治疗后3个月随访统计预后效果。结果 ①神经功能：不同时间点间的神经功能评分有差别（P<0.05），组间的神经功能评分有差别（P<0.05），强化降压组与标准降压组的神经功能评分变化趋势有差别（P<0.05）；②血肿体积与血肿扩大率：治疗后第1天两组血肿体积较治疗前增加，但强化降压组小于标准降压组，强化降压组的第7天血肿清除率（91.00%）高于标准降压组（74.00%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；③NF-κβ、vWF、TNF-α及MMP-9水平：不同时间点间的NF-κβ、vWF、TNF-α及MMP-9水平有差别（P<0.05），组间的NF-κβ、vWF、TNF-α及MMP-9水平有差别（P<0.05），强化降压组与标准降压组的NF-κβ、vWF、TNF-α及MMP-9水平变化趋势有差别（P<0.05）；④预后效果：强化降压组预后效果优于标准降压组，预后良好率（60.00%）高于标准降压组（38.00%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 采取早期强化降压治疗高血压脑出血效果优于指南标准降压，可有效改善患者神经功能，抑制血肿扩大，调节血清NF-κβ、vWF等指标水平，利于改善预后效果。     

miR-124在血管性痴呆患者血清中表达差异及其意义

目的 探讨miR-124在血管性痴呆患者血清中表达差异及其意义。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年5月我院收治的血管性痴呆患者68例（观察组）,再选择体检结果显示为健康者50例（对照组）。治疗前,对患者的一般资料进行对比并对观察组和对照组的miR-124相对表达水平进行检测;治疗3个月后,对治疗前与治疗后miR-124相对表达水平进行对比,并根据治疗结果分为良好组与不良组,比较两组的miR-124相对表达水平。结果 治疗前miR-124的相对表达水平观察组高于对照组（P<0.005）。治疗后3个月后,观察组的miR-124的相对表达水平较治疗前低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.015）。良好组和不良组在年龄、性别、体重上,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而在高血压、高血脂及miR-124上,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析发现,在预测血管性痴呆患者治疗后预后时,高血脂的AUC曲线下面积为0.742;高血压的AUC曲线下面积为0.705;血清miR-124相对表达水平的AUC曲线下面积为0.821。以最大约登指数计算得出最大AUC面积相应参数截止值,高血脂为5.220（敏感度=60.00%,特异性=85.70%）;高血压为1.965（敏感度=75.00%,特异性=69.00%）;血清miR-124相对表达水平为4.225（敏感度=80.00%,特异性=78.60%）。结论 miR-124表达水平有可能作为血管性痴呆患者预后不良的一个指标。     

头孢曲松钠联合地塞米松治疗小儿化脓性脑膜炎的临床分析

目的 分析药物治疗小儿化脓性脑膜炎的临床价值。方法 选择我院2017年3月至2019年7月内接诊的80例小儿化脓性脑膜炎患者，遵循药物差异分组原则分为对照组（38例，头孢曲松钠常规治疗）和观察组（42例，联合开展地塞米松治疗），观察两组在临床疗效、症状和体征恢复时间、治疗前后血清炎症因子水平改善情况以及用药安全性。结果 观察组的总有效率较对照组高（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组较对照组症状和体征恢复时间缩短（P<0.05）；住院时间也较对照组短（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组较对照组血清炎症因子各指标水平较低（P<0.05）。观察组的不良反应发生率较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论 头孢曲松钠常规治疗的基础上联合地塞米松治疗，提升了临床疗效，缩短了症状和体征恢复时间，降低了血清炎症因子水平，提高了临床用药安全性。     

脑血流动力学与缺血性脑卒中患者脑白质病变严重程度的相关性研究

目的 研究缺血性脑卒中患者脑血流动力学与脑白质病变严重程度之间相关性。方法 分析2015年7月至2019年8月收治的108例缺血性脑卒中患者资料，采用Fazekas量表对患者脑白质病变严重程度进行分级。比较不同脑白质病变严重程度、患者颅内大动脉硬化程度和脑血流动力学指标，进行患者脑血流动力学与脑白质病变严重程度之间相关性分析，并分析脑白质中重度病变的危险因素。结果 Fazekas量表<3分者61例纳入轻度病变组，≥ 3分者47例纳入中重度病变组。中重度病变患者颅内大动脉硬化严重程度高于轻度病变组（P<0.05）。中重度病变组脑部动脉搏动指数（PI）显著高于轻度病变组；收缩期峰值血流（Vs）、平均血流（Vm）以及舒张末期血流（Vd）等脑血流动力学指数显著低于轻度病变组（P<0.05）。颅内大动脉硬化程度、PI与脑白质病变严重程度正相关（r=0.416，0.527；P<0.05），Vs、Vm以及Vd等脑血流参数与脑白质病变严重程度负相关（r=-0.316，-0.524，-0.668；P<0.05）。颅内大动脉硬化程度与PI为脑白质中重度病变的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 缺血性脑卒中患者脑白质病变严重程度与患者脑血流动力学指标异常有关，而颅内动脉硬化会加重患者脑白质病变严重程度。     

漆黄素对帕金森病小鼠模型的保护作用及机制研究

目的 探讨漆黄素对帕金森病的神经保护作用及具体机制。方法 采用MPTP腹腔注射复制亚急性PD小鼠模型,漆黄素灌胃给药,实验分为3组：control组、MPTP组、漆黄素+MPTP组。通过旷场实验、爬杆实验、悬挂实验等行为学指标评估小鼠的运动行为。采用Western blotting和免疫荧光技术检测纹状体中TH水平和黑质中TH阳性神经元数量。采用尼氏染色检测黑质区神经元的损伤状况。通过检测纹状体区GSH、SOD、T-AOC、MDA含量,评估脑组织中氧化应激水平。结果 与MPTP组相比,漆黄素+MPTP组,小鼠的运动总距离及运动速度提高（P<0.05）;爬杆总时间及转头时间缩短（P<0.05）。悬挂实验评分提高（P<0.05）。尼氏染色结果发现,漆黄素可缓解MPTP小鼠黑质区神经元损伤（P<0.05）。TH免疫印迹及免疫荧光实验发现漆黄素可改善MPTP诱导的小鼠TH表达量水平下降及阳性神经元丢失（P<0.05）。同时,漆黄素处理后,提高了MPTP小鼠GSH、SOD、T-AOC水平,降低了MPTP小鼠MDA的含量（P<0.05）。结论 漆黄素能有效改善帕金森病模型小鼠的运动功能,缓解黑质－纹状体多巴胺能神经元损伤,其机制可能与漆黄素的抗氧化作用有关。     

立体定向微创手术对脑胶质瘤患者近远期疗效和神经功能评分的影响

目的 分析立体定向微创手术对脑胶质瘤患者近远期疗效和神经功能评分的影响。方法 选取2016年1月—2017年12月该院204例脑胶质瘤患者,依据患者治疗方式的不同,分为对照组（采取传统开颅手术）89例和研究组（采取立体定向微创手术）115例。评价两组近远期临床疗效,比较两组手术时间、术后住院天数和治疗前后中国卒中量表（CSS）评分、改良Barthel指数评分情况。结果 相比对照组,研究组治疗总有效率升高（P<0.05）,而手术时间和术后住院天数均减少（P<0.01）。相比治疗前,两组治疗后CSS评分均下降,改良Barthel指数评分均升高（P<0.05）;相比对照组,研究组治疗后CSS评分下降,改良Barthel指数评分升高（P<0.05）。研究组2年内复发率低于对照组,存活率高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 采取立体定向微创手术治疗可有效改善脑胶质瘤患者近远期疗效,可促进机体神经功能的恢复,同时可有效降低复发率,提高存活率。     

乌司他丁对缺氧诱导PC12细胞神经损伤的保护作用研究

目的 探讨乌司他丁对缺氧诱导PC12细胞神经损伤的作用及分子机制。方法 PC12细胞分为对照组、缺氧组、缺氧+乌司他丁低、中、高剂量组、缺氧+miR-NC组、缺氧+miR-190组、缺氧+乌司他丁+anti-miR-NC组、缺氧+乌司他丁+anti-miR-190组。检测培养液中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）漏出率及细胞中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;蛋白质印迹法（Western blotting）检测蛋白表达;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测miR-190表达水平。结果 与缺氧组比较,缺氧+乌司他丁低、中、高剂量组PC12细胞中LDH漏出率降低,SOD活性升高,MDA含量降低,细胞凋亡率降低,Bcl-2相对表达量升高,Bax相对表达量降低,miR-190相对表达量升高,且呈剂量依赖性（均P<0.05）。miR-190过表达后,LDH漏出率降低,SOD活性升高,MDA含量降低,细胞凋亡率降低,Bcl-2相对表达量升高,Bax相对表达量降低（均P<0.05）。抑制miR-190表达能逆转乌司他丁对缺氧诱导的PC12细胞损伤的作用。结论 乌司他丁可能通过上调miR-190表达对缺氧诱导PC12细胞神经损伤起保护作用。     

术后长周期替莫唑胺治疗高级别胶质瘤的研究

目的 分析术后长周期(≥9周期)替莫唑胺(TMZ)治疗高级别胶质瘤的效果、不良反应及对预后的影响.方法 收集高级别胶质瘤患者100例,根据术后使用TMZ的周期数不同,分为标准周期(6周期)与长周期(≥9周期)治疗组.分析比较两组患者的无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS),以及对预后的影响因素.结果 标准周期组患者的...     

Efficacy of temozolomide as adjuvant chemotherapy after postsurgical radiotherapy alone for glioblastomas

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy for newly diagnosed GBM patients who were treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy alone.

Material and methods

Between January 2003 and April 2005, 59 consecutive GBM patients underwent radiation therapy after surgical resection and subsequently received TMZ chemotherapy. For the comparative analysis, we selected 60 clinically matched GBM patients who underwent radiotherapy followed by nitrosourea-based chemotherapy (NUBC), at the same institution between June 1995 and April 2005. The study cohort was divided into two groups, those with adjuvant TMZ treatment and with NUBC.

Results

59 patients with adjuvant TMZ treatment were assigned to the treatment group and 60 patients with NUBC to the control group. The median overall survival for the treatment group was 18.2 months (95% CI, 11.7–24.7 months), compared with the survival of 14.5 months (95% CI, 11.2–17.7 months) for the control group (p = 0.019). The progression-free survival for the treatment group was 5.6 months (95% CI, 4.4–6.7 months), while the control group showed progression-free survival of 3.3 months (95% CT, 3.2–6.0 months) (p = 0.030). Uni- and multivariate analysis revealed that extent of surgical resection, age ≥55 years and postoperative KPS were significantly associated with survival.

Conclusion

Adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy provided a clinically relevant benefit of survival, as compared with NUBC. Thus, we suggest that adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy may be effective even for patients who did not receive concomitant chemoradiotherapy for GBM.     

Efficacy of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide in glioblastoma treatment. A multicentre randomized study

Background and purposeThe common treatment in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme is the ultimately radical surgical removal of the tumour combined with radiotherapy. This study compared safety and efficacy of radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy combined with temozolomide (TMZ) given before, during, and after radiotherapy.Material and methodsThe patients operated on for glioblastoma multiforme during the first 21 postoperative days were randomly assigned to the group treated with radiotherapy alone (involved-field radiotherapy in 2 Gy fractions daily five times a week up to the total of 60 Gy over 6 weeks of treatment) or to the group treated with radiotherapy and TMZ, initially in the dose of 200 mg/m² during 5 postoperative days and after 23 days followed by 75 mg/m² of body surface area daily, 7 days a week (from the first to the last day of radiotherapy). On completion of radiotherapy, five complementary courses of TMZ were introduced (150–200 mg/m² for 5 days, repeated every 28 days). The primary outcome measure was overall survival.ResultsFifty-eight patients from 3 centres were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 55 years and all the patients underwent a surgical procedure of glioblastoma removal. The mean overall survival in the group treated with TMZ was 16.0 months, whereas in the group with radiotherapy alone the overall survival reached 12.5 months. 24-month survival reached 23% in patients treated with TMZ and 6.7% in those who received radiotherapy only. Haematological complications of third or fourth degree were present in 10% of patients treated with radiotherapy and TMZ.ConclusionsThe introduction of TMZ before, during and after radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme gives clinically and statistically significant improvement of survival with unremarkably increased toxicity of the treatment.     

Prognosis of pediatric high-grade gliomas with temozolomide treatment: a retrospective, multicenter study

Purpose

We analyzed the usefulness of initial or recurrent treatment of temozolomide (TMZ) in pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs).

Methods

Between 2002 and 2010, we performed surgery on 35 patients with 17 glioblastomas, 14 anaplastic astrocytomas, 3 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and 1 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. The male-to-female ratio was 21:14, and the median age was 13?years (range, 3–18?years). The mean follow-up period was 15.9 (±1.8) months. As the TMZ treatment, 22 patients received the initial treatment and 13 patients at recurrence. We analyzed the prognostic significance of TMZ treatment, tumor location, extent of removal, pathology, and recurrence pattern.

Results

The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 9.7 (±1.4) and 17.8 (±2.5) months, respectively. Based on univariate analysis, the median PFS was 9.9 (±1.6) months in the tumors located in the cerebral hemisphere and 5.6 (±1.3) months in the diencephalon (p?=?0.03). Median PFS was 12.5 (±1.7) months in the initial treatment and 6.8 (±0.8) months in the recurrent treatment (p?=?0.03). The median OS was 14.9 (±2.3) months in glioblastomas and 24.4 (±4.1) months in tumors with an anaplastic pathology (p?=?0.01). The median OS was 12.1 (±3.7) months in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination and 18.2 (±2.9) months in patients without CSF dissemination (p?=?0.02). Grades 3 and 4 treatment-related toxicity occurred in 7.7–9?% of the patients.

Conclusions

Initial or recurrent TMZ treatment in pediatric HGGs was safe and tolerable. Initial treatment showed improved PFS compared to recurrent treatment, and both showed similar OS.     

Temozolomide Salvage Chemotherapy for Recurrent Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma and Oligo-Astrocytoma

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy for recurrent anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA).

Methods

A multi-center retrospective trial enrolled seventy-two patients with histologically proven AO/AOA who underwent TMZ chemotherapy for their recurrent tumors from 2006 to 2010. TMZ was administered orally (150 to 200 mg/m²/day) for 5 days per 28 days until unacceptable toxicity occurred or tumor progression was observed.

Results

TMZ chemotherapy cycles administered was median 5.3 (range, 1-41). The objective response rate was 24% including 8 cases (11%) of complete response and another 23 patients (32%) were remained as stable disease. Severe side effects (≥grade 3) occurred only in 9 patients (13%). Progression-free survival (PFS) of all patients was a median 8.0 months (95% confidence interval, 6.0-10.0). The time to recurrence of a year or after was a favorable prognostic factor for PFS (p<0.05). Overall survival (OS) was apparently differed by the patient''s histology, as AOA patients survived a median OS of 18.0 months while AO patients did not reach median OS at median follow-up of 11.5 months (range 2.7-65 months). Good performance status of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0 and 1 showed prolonged OS (p<0.01).

Conclusion

For recurrent AO/AOA after surgery followed by radiation therapy, TMZ could be recommended as a salvage therapy at the estimated efficacy equal to procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy at first relapse. For patients previously treated with PCV, TMZ is a favorable therapeutic option as 2nd line salvage chemotherapy with an acceptable toxicity rate.     

Impact of the per-operatory application of GLIADEL wafers (BCNU, carmustine) in combination with temozolomide and radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Efficacy and toxicity

Purpose

For the last few years wafers of Gliadel have been inserted into the operation cavity in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. This is followed by concurrent radio-chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) according to the Stupp protocol. Only a few studies have investigated this kind of treatment regimen and the impact in terms of survival and toxicity of the combination of Gliadel with TMZ and radiotherapy.

Methods and materials

From November 2006 to January 2010, 24 patients with a newly diagnosed glioblastoma have undergone a tumour resection which was considered to be macroscopically complete in 12 cases and with tumour residue in another 12 cases. The mean age at the moment of diagnosis was 60.25 years and the median age 63.Twenty-three patients underwent subsequently concurrent radio-chemotherapy with TMZ followed by cycles of elevated doses of TMZ as an adjuvant treatment. One patient had adjuvant radiotherapy alone followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Thirteen were able to receive 6 or more cycles of adjuvant TMZ. Seven patients had received less than 6 cycles of TMZ as an adjuvant therapy. Two patients did not receive adjuvant TMZ at all.

Results

The median overall survival of our group was 19.2 months and the median progression free survival was 12.3 months. Overall survival for the macroscopically complete-resection patients was 14 months, and 12.85 months in subtotal-resection patients. The median OS was 14.25 months for patients PS 0 – 1 at the moment of diagnosis and 12.65 for PS 2 patients. Chemotherapy with TMZ had to be stopped prematurely in 10 cases due to haematotoxicity, digestive toxicity or early relapse.

Conclusions

The concomitant use of surgery with implantation of BCNU wafers and radio-chemotherapy seems to be well tolerated. Despite the small number of patients treated in our group, particular attention should be paid to the potential haematological consequences of this multimodal treatment regimen.     

高级别脑胶质瘤患者术后同步放化疗的临床疗效研究

目的探讨术后不同方案同步放化疗和单纯放疗对高级别脑胶质瘤患者的疗效和安全性的差异。 方法海军总医院放射肿瘤科自2004年6月至2008年6月间采用不同方案治疗经病理证实的高级别脑胶质瘤患者59例,均行三维适形放射治疗(3D-CRT),其中联合替莫唑胺(TMZ)化疗患者21例（A组,Ⅲ级13例,Ⅳ级8例）,联合尼莫司汀(ACNU)加替尼泊苷(VM-26)化疗患者26例（B组,Ⅲ级14例、Ⅳ级12例）,未联合化疗患者12例（C组,Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级4例）。分析比较3组患者的疗效、不良反应和生存率。 结果A、B组患者的治疗有效率均高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组血液学毒性、消化道副反应的发生率较A组高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);全组中位疾病无进展生存时间(PFS)为8个月,中位总生存时间(OS)为15个月,Log-rank检验结果显示3组患者疾病无进展生存率、生存率不同,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,A、B组患者的疾病无进展生存率、生存率均高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论高级别脑胶质瘤患者术后同步放化疗效果显著优于单纯放疗,可提高肿瘤治疗有效率及患者的PFS和OS。化疗方案推荐使用TMZ单药化疗,其与ACNU加VM26联合化疗疗效相当,但毒副反应更低。     

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in children and adolescents: a single-center experience

Background

Patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) have a very poor prognosis. Only radiotherapy (XRT) has proven to be effective in delaying the disease progression. Several chemotherapy schedules have been applied so far, but none demonstrated significant improvements in progression and survival.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of children diagnosed with DIPG at our center (Pediatric Hospital “Regina Margherita,” Turin, Italy) between 1999 and 2013. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were used to describe the outcomes.

Results

Twenty-four children were included in our report. Patients diagnosed before March 2003 (n?=?12) were treated with XRT and vincristine (VCR); the remaining 12 patients received XRT and temozolomide (TMZ). Progression-free survival was 18.8 % at 1 year (SE?=?7.6 %), while overall survival was 44.1 % at 1 year (SE?=?9.9 %). Median PFS was 8.1 months, whereas median OS was 11.2 months. No statistically significant difference in PFS or OS was evidenced between the two treatment groups.

Conclusion

Radiotherapy followed by VCR or TMZ allows obtaining results that are in line with previous reports, with no advantages over other similar treatment schedules. DIPGs are challenging tumors with a dismal outcome. Further research and newer therapies are urgently needed in order to achieve improvements in survival.     

High-grade glioma in children and adolescents: a single-center experience

Purpose

The aim of this study was to report the outcome in children with high-grade astrocytoma outside the brain stem and spinal cord that were treated at a single center.

Materials and methods

The study included 26 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and 37 patients with glioblastoma; all patients were aged ≤18 years. At initial diagnosis, 18 of the patients with glioblastoma received only temozolomide (TMZ), 14 received other chemotherapies, and 5 did not receive any chemotherapy. Among the patients with anaplastic astrocytoma, 9 received TMZ, 9 received other chemotherapy regimens, and 8 patients did not receive any chemotherapy. The median radiotherapy dose in all patients was 60 Gy.

Results

Median age of the patients was 12.5 years. Median overall survival was 20 months and mean progression-free survival was 4.7–11.3 months (median: 8 months) in all patients. Patients with a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) ≥70 had median overall survival of 32 months, versus 7 months in those with a KPS < 70. Patients aged <15 years had median survival of 38 months, versus 16 months in those aged 15–18 years. Patients with anaplastic astrocytoma that received TMZ, other chemotherapy regimens, and no chemotherapy had median survival of 21 months, 132 months, and 11 months, respectively. Patients with glioblastoma that received TMZ, other chemotherapy regimens, and no chemotherapy had median survival of 32 months, 12 months, and 8 months, respectively.

Conclusion

In the present study, patients with anaplastic astrocytoma treated with chemotherapy protocols other than TMZ had the longest OS; however, in the glioblastoma group, OS was 32 months in those treated with standard TMZ and 12 months in those treated with other protocols (P = 0.493). Although TMZ is less toxic than PCV, it was not shown to be superior.

     

替莫唑胺对比传统化疗药治疗脑胶质瘤疗效的系统评价

目的系统评价替莫唑胺对比传统化疗药治疗脑胶质瘤的疗效。方法计算机检索国内外文献数据库(时限均从建库开始至2013年7月),收集术后放疗基础上替莫唑胺与传统化疗药治疗脑胶质瘤的随机对照试验,2名研究者独立提取资料和质量评价,使用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入8个RCTs,864例患者,其中替莫唑胺组374例,传统化疗药物组490例。Meta分析结果显示,替莫唑胺与传统化疗药比较,两者在治疗有效率[RR=1.48,95%CI(1.24,1.77)]、5年生存率[HR=23.94,95%CI(13.26,43.22)]、无进展生存期[MD=4.00,95%CI(2.61,5.39)]、平均生存期[SMD=1.84,95%CI(1.40,2.27)]、消化道反应[RR=0.53,95%CI(0.39,0.71)]和骨髓抑制[RR=0.20,95%CI(0.08,0.51)]等方面差异均有统计学意义,替莫唑胺优于传统化疗药。结论替莫唑胺在提高脑胶质瘤患者的疗效,延长生存期,减少不良反应等方面均优于传统化疗药。