北京地区成年汉族人群上颌窦骨分隔及窦底小骨尖/嵴的CBCT影像分析

目的:利用CBCT影像研究上颌窦骨分隔及窦底小骨尖/嵴的数量、位置及发生率,分析CBCT在上颌窦提升手术中的临床应用价值.方法:收集北京地区21-70岁之间、上颌牙列完整的500例汉族人群的CBCT影像资料,分别对其左右侧上颌窦骨分隔数量、方向及对应牙位、窦底小骨尖/嵴数量及对应牙位进行观察记录和统计分析.结果:1.当研究对象为上颌窦数,骨分隔的发生率为21.6％;当研究对象为人数,其发生率是28.8％;骨分隔数量多为一个,占88.4％;分隔方向多为矢状向,占67.6％;骨分隔最好发的位置在上颌第二磨牙(M2)对应的上颌窦底区域,占43.9％,其次在上颌第一磨牙(M1)区.2.以上颌窦数为研究对象,窦底小骨尖/嵴的检出率为36.0％;以人数为研究对象,其检出率为50.2％;窦底小骨尖/嵴的好发部位依次为上颌第二磨牙(M2)、上颌第一磨牙(M1)、上颌第二前磨牙(PM2)、上颌第一前磨牙(PM1)及上颌第三磨牙(M3),占比分别为31.6％、27.0％、23.3％、9.2％及8.8％.小骨尖/嵴的发生率远高于上颌窦骨分隔,在临床中应予以重视.结论:术前通过对CBCT影像资料的观察分析,可以对上颌窦骨分隔及窦底小骨尖/嵴做出准确评估,能够为上颌窦手术的路径及手术方式的选择提供依据.     

北京地区成年汉族人群上颌窦骨分隔及窦底小骨尖/嵴的CBCT影像分析

目的:利用CBCT影像研究上颌窦骨分隔及窦底小骨尖/嵴的数量、位置及发生率,分析CBCT在上颌窦提升手术中的临床应用价值.方法:收集北京地区21-70岁之间、上颌牙列完整的500例汉族人群的CBCT影像资料,分别对其左右侧上颌窦骨分隔数量、方向及对应牙位、窦底小骨尖/嵴数量及对应牙位进行观察记录和统计分析.结果:1.当研究对象为上颌窦数,骨分隔的发生率为21.6％;当研究对象为人数,其发生率是28.8％;骨分隔数量多为一个,占88.4％;分隔方向多为矢状向,占67.6％;骨分隔最好发的位置在上颌第二磨牙(M2)对应的上颌窦底区域,占43.9％,其次在上颌第一磨牙(M1)区.2.以上颌窦数为研究对象,窦底小骨尖/嵴的检出率为36.0％;以人数为研究对象,其检出率为50.2％;窦底小骨尖/嵴的好发部位依次为上颌第二磨牙(M2)、上颌第一磨牙(M1)、上颌第二前磨牙(PM2)、上颌第一前磨牙(PM1)及上颌第三磨牙(M3),占比分别为31.6％、27.0％、23.3％、9.2％及8.8％.小骨尖/嵴的发生率远高于上颌窦骨分隔,在临床中应予以重视.结论:术前通过对CBCT影像资料的观察分析,可以对上颌窦骨分隔及窦底小骨尖/嵴做出准确评估,能够为上颌窦手术的路径及手术方式的选择提供依据.     

江苏汉族人群上颌窦外侧骨壁厚度的锥形束CT研究

目的：应用锥形束CT(CBCT)分析上颌窦外侧骨壁的厚度,为口腔种植上颌窦底外提升术的手术指导和风险评估提供参考。方法：选取412例研究对象的上颌窦CBCT影像资料,结合种植专用Simplant软件,进行三维重建,选取测量截面,测量上颌窦外侧骨壁的厚度。采用SPSS17.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：412例(824侧)研究对象中,上颌窦外侧骨壁的平均厚度在上颌第二前磨牙(P2)、上颌第一磨牙(M1)和上颌第二磨牙(M2)区分别为(2.23±1.07) mm、(2.19±1.45) mm和(1.41±0.81) mm;左右侧上颌窦外侧骨壁厚度在 P2区具有显著差异(P<0.01);男女间上颌窦外侧骨壁厚度在P2和 M2具有显著差异(P<0.05),男性较女性稍厚;不同年龄组中M1和 M2区的上颌窦外侧骨壁厚度有显著差异(P<0.05);牙缺失对于上颌窦外侧骨壁厚度的变化无显著影响。结论：锥形束CT可精确测量上颌窦外侧骨壁的厚度变化,不同牙位对应的上颌窦外侧骨壁厚度不同,上颌前磨牙区高于上颌磨牙区,最薄处位于M2区。不同年龄、性别之间和左右侧有一定差异。     

CBCT对上颌后牙游离缺失患者的上颌窦底壁骨分嵴分布的评估

目的评估上颌后牙游离缺失患者上颌窦底壁骨分嵴的分布情况。方法纳入2011年1月至2013年12月在四川省人民医院就诊的上颌后牙游离缺失患者,对其CBCT资料进行统计分析,评估在上颌后牙游离缺失情况下上颌窦底壁骨分嵴的分布情况。结果符合纳入标准的患者共计253例(男132例,女121例),上颌窦共计289个。骨分嵴的检出率约为26.09%,其中上颌前磨牙区12例(18.18%),显著高于低于磨牙区54例(81.82%),骨分嵴的平均高度为(3.87±1.10)mm,不同年龄和性别差异无统计学意义。骨分嵴走向分布中颊腭向为59个(89.39%),近远中向为7个(10.61%)。结论上颌窦底壁骨分嵴发生率高,走向复杂,拟行上颌窦提升手术前对上颌窦底骨分嵴进行评估是必不可少的,CBCT不失为评估上颌窦底骨分嵴的好方法。     

颧牙槽嵴区骨宽度及皮质骨厚度的CBCT测量分析

目的:应用锥形束CT(CBCT)测量成年人与青少年的颧牙槽嵴区域的骨宽度、皮质骨厚度及窦底高度,并评价2组的差异,为临床中颧牙槽嵴区微种植体的植入提供参考。方法:选取成年人个别正常牙合志愿者和安氏Ⅰ类青少年患者各30例,获取其口腔颌面部CBCT扫描影像。测量颧牙槽嵴区域的骨宽度、皮质骨厚度及上颌窦底高度,并对测量数据进行统计学分析。结果:两实验组颧牙槽嵴区域均为第二前磨牙和第一磨牙之间的骨宽度最大,且每层的5个测量值均表现为随测量点向颅方移动骨宽度值逐渐减小。两实验组各层颧牙槽嵴区骨宽度与窦底高度成正相关关系。结论:成年人组各位置骨宽度平均值及皮质骨厚度平均值均较青少年组相应位置大。颧牙槽嵴区骨宽度随窦底高度增大而增大。2组样本上颌窦个体差异均非常大,植入微种植体前需拍摄CBCT以确定是否满足植入条件。     

常州地区人群上颌窦内提升中的窦底骨性分隔的锥形束CT研究

目的:研究常州地区人群上颌窦底骨性分隔的发生率、部位和形态学特点,探讨上颌后牙缺失与骨性分隔的关系,以及对上颌窦内提升手术的指导意义.方法:选择124例研究对象,于术前拍摄锥形束CT(CBCT)并生成相关数据,以NNT软件测量,获取上颌窦底骨分隔的数据,利用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:124例患者中,42例(33.87％)存在上颌窦骨性分隔;248个上颌窦中,68个存在骨性分隔(27.42％),其中45个骨性分隔出现于上颌窦中部(66.18％),15个出现在后部(22.06％),8个出现在前部(11.76％).窦分隔的发生与性别、年龄及是否缺牙无关.结论;通过CBCT可以观察到上颌窦底骨性分隔的位置、形态,最大限度地预判手术的难易程度,提高上颌窦内提升术的成功率.     

上颌后牙缺失病人上颌窦CBCT影像学特征分析

目的:针对上颌后牙缺失病人的CBCT资料,分析上颌窦内异常影像的发生率,为病人行种植术前的评估提供参考。方法:选择2011-01—03因上颌后牙缺失需行种植修复病人的CBCT资料76例,共152个上颌窦。由两名研究人员对影像资料进行观察分析,影像诊断结果分为5类:①未见异常影像;②窦底黏膜增厚;③上颌窦囊肿;④上颌窦炎;⑤上颌窦分隔。同时测量所有窦底黏膜增厚病例的平均厚度以及缺牙区窦嵴距,使用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析。结果:152例上颌窦中未见异常影像者65例(42.76%),黏膜增厚者36例(23.68%),上颌窦囊肿23例(15.13%),上颌窦炎17例(11.18%),上颌窦分隔11例(7.24%)。窦底黏膜增厚厚度为(3.65±1.65)mm,缺牙区窦嵴距为(7.05±2.99)mm。结论:上颌窦异常影像诊断发生率最高者为窦底黏膜增厚,其次为上颌窦囊肿;不同上颌窦影像诊断类型间窦嵴距的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同性别及不同缺牙情况下诊断类型的发生率间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。     

基于CBCT的上颌后牙区种植相关解剖结构的研究

目的 了解上颌窦前外侧壁动脉位置、窦壁骨分隔的解剖特点，以减少上颌窦提升等种植手术并发症。方法 术前拍摄155名种植患者的CBCT，测量上颌窦前外侧壁动脉的位置、直径、缺牙区距离牙槽嵴顶颊侧的距离；测量上颌窦内骨分隔的发生率、骨分隔高度及位置。结果 血管检出率57.96%±10.09%，位于骨内占比58.82%±13.64%，直径0.5～1mm占51.80%±5.84%，直径1～1.5mm占37.89%±4.43%。缺牙区血管距牙槽嵴顶颊侧距离第一、二磨牙小于第二前磨牙。共分析310例上颌窦分隔，分隔发生率19.03%，其中上颌窦下部占比最高为42.37%，分隔高度为（6.68±2.60）mm。结论 上颌窦外侧壁动脉的检出率较高。上颌窦骨分隔的存在影响种植手术的设计，需谨慎处置。     

上颌后牙区无牙位点在锥形束CT中的解剖学表现

目的 基于锥形束CT（CBCT）分析上颌后牙区无牙位点的相关骨解剖特点。方法 本项研究共选取了上颌后牙区至少有一个缺牙的100名患者的CBCT图像资料,共217个无牙位点。测量无牙位点的剩余牙槽嵴高度、剩余牙槽嵴宽度和角度A,并分析上颌窦底的形态特点。结果 平均剩余牙槽嵴高度为9.53 mm,其中小于10 mm者占62.67%（136/217）。平均剩余牙槽嵴宽度为9.30 mm,大于6 mm占91.71%（199/217）。磨牙区剩余牙槽嵴高度小于前磨牙区,剩余牙槽嵴宽度呈相反趋势。上颌窦底形态以倾斜型（64.52%）为主。角度A小于30°、30°~60°和大于60°者分别占10.14%、42.40%和47.47%。结论 上颌后牙区缺牙位点进行种植手术前,多数需行上颌窦底提升手术增加骨量,建议根据CBCT检查结果评价上颌窦解剖结构从而制定合理的种植方案。     

上颌磨牙缺失患者上颌窦的CBCT影像学特点

目的 :观察上颌磨牙缺失患者上颌窦生理及病理CBCT影像学表现,并分析各类异常的发生率,为种植术前评估提供参考。方法:选择复旦大学附属中山医院口腔科及静安区牙病防治所,2014-01-01—2015-05-01期间,收治的上颌磨牙缺失患者CBCT影像学资料202例,共404侧上颌窦。由2名研究人员对资料进行研究分析,观察项目分为3类:正常上颌窦、上颌窦炎、上颌窦囊肿。测量3种类型病例缺牙区窦嵴距、上颌窦的宽度、外侧骨壁厚度、外侧骨壁血管位置与直径,采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果:404侧上颌窦中,正常上颌窦185侧(45.80%);上颌窦炎118侧(29.20%);上颌窦囊肿101侧(25.00%)。结论:上颌窦异常影像诊断发生率最高者为上颌窦炎,其次为上颌窦囊肿;不同上颌窦影像诊断类型间窦嵴距、上颌窦的宽度、外侧骨壁厚度、外侧骨壁血管位置与直径差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。     

Effect of maxillary sinus floor augmentation on sinus membrane thickness in computed tomography

Background: Little is known about maxillary sinus compliance, i.e., the intrinsic potential of the sinus membrane to resume its homeostatic status after the surgical trauma caused by sinus floor elevation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of maxillary sinus floor augmentation on sinus membrane thickness. Methods: Within‐patient comparison of computed tomographic scans before bone grafting versus 4 to 6 months after bone grafting was performed. Changes in membrane thickness were evaluated in 65 maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures via a lateral approach in 35 patients without clinical signs of sinus pathology at any time. Results: Sinus membrane thickness differed significantly before (0.8 ± 1.2 mm) versus after (1.5 ± 1.3 mm) augmentation surgery (P <0.001), with a mean increase of 0.8 ± 1.6 mm (maximum: 4.4 mm). Only 28% of augmented sinuses did not show membrane thickening. In non‐augmented control sinuses, there was no evidence of membrane thickness increase. Conclusions: The results indicate that the maxillary sinus membrane, even in healthy clinical conditions, undergoes morphologic modifications after sinus floor elevation, yet membrane reactions demonstrate significant variability. Future research on the effect of augmentation surgery on maxillary sinus physiology is recommended.     

上颌窦黏膜在上颌窦提升术中成骨作用的研究进展

上颌窦黏膜是覆盖在上颌窦骨壁表面的一层结缔组织,随着上颌窦提升术在种植领域的发展和研究的深入,上颌窦黏膜的成骨潜能也受到越来越多的关注。而目前尚无关于上颌窦黏膜成骨能力的系统性综述。因此,笔者将对目前上颌窦黏膜成骨潜能的相关研究作一综述。     

Prevalence of maxillary sinus disease and abnormalities in patients scheduled for sinus lift procedures

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sinus disease and abnormalities among patients scheduled to undergo direct sinus augmentation. METHODS: Forty-five patients attending a private periodontal practice and consecutively treatment planned for sinus augmentation were referred for otorhinolaryngologic evaluation, which included a medical history and radiographic (computed tomography), clinical, and endoscopic examinations. Pathological findings were recorded and otorhinolaryngologic treatment was provided. Six months later the sinus augmentation procedure was performed and followed by postoperative evaluations for 4 to 6 months. RESULTS: Of the 45 subjects, 98% (44) were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, 51% were smokers, and 27% reported a history of symptoms indicative of sinus disease. Eighteen subjects were diagnosed with sinus disease and/or abnormalities. The diagnosed conditions included chronic sinusitis, sinus cysts, nasal septum deviation, and ostium stenosis. No significant differences in age, gender, or smoking status between patients with and without sinus conditions were found (P >0.05). There was a significant association between history of symptoms and diagnosis of sinus conditions (P <0.0001). Three subjects (one treated for preoperative sinus conditions) experienced notable intra- or postoperative complications related to the sinus augmentation procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that, in a population of patients with chronic periodontitis, presence of sinus conditions is strongly associated with a history of indicative symptoms and is independent of age, gender, and smoking status. The results reinforce the importance of careful detailed history taking and thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation prior to performing sinus augmentation.     

Root in the maxillary sinus

The accidental displacement of a root into the maxillary sinus is a recognized complication of exodontia. Such roots should normally be removed early rather than late in order to minimize the likelihood of maxillary sinus complications. A root left within the maxillary sinus may, on occasion, pass spontaneously into the nose. Appropriate treatment and possible complications are discussed.     

Median mental sinus in twins

Sinus on the chin can be the result of a chronic apical abscess due to pulp necrosis of a mandibular anterior tooth. The tooth is usually asymptomatic, and a dental cause is therefore not apparent to the patient or the unsuspecting clinician. Not infrequently, the patient may seek treatment from a dermatologist or general surgeon instead of a dentist. Excision and repair of the fistula may be carried out with subsequent breakdown because the dental pathology is not removed. This paper reports the presence of median mental sinus of dental origin in twins. One case healed following root canal therapy while the other required both root canal therapy and surgery to eliminate the infection.     

Maxillary sinus floor augmentation in patients with maxillary sinus pseudocyst: case report

The maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure has gained popularity with predictable results, and is a safe, acceptable technique for bone augmentation, providing a base for dental implant treatment. Faint radiopaque lesions at the base of the maxillary sinus are frequent diagnoses on radiographs and must be identified during dental implant planning. Pseudocysts classically appear hemispheric, homogeneously opaque, and well delineated in panoramic and periapical radiographs. The great majority of these lesions are asymptomatic and do not require surgical treatment. In this case report, we present 4 patients who had a maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure using either crestal or lateral approaches in the presence of antral pseudocysts. No complications were encountered during follow-up periods in these patients and all implants are functioning successfully.     

Maxillary sinus inflammation after operation of dental implantation and sinus lifting

16 patients with sinusitis were examined after dental implantation and sinus lifting. Possible complication reasons after alveolar process operations were disclosed. For dental implantation efficacy elevation in patients with alveolar process atrophy the consultation of otolaryngologist was necessary in order to disclose hidden pathology on the nasal cavity and sinuses side and also maxillary tomography with inclusion of osteo-meatal complex. Operative treatment of patients with sinusitis after sinus lifting was necessary in case of free lying osteo-plastic material in the sinus, presence of oro-anthral fistula and conservative treatment failure.