人工耳蜗植入后并发脑膜炎一例

人工耳蜗是目前重度及极重度感音神经性聋患者重新感受有声世界的最有效方法之一，目前已发展得相当成熟，而与之相关的并发症发生率已降到相当低的水平。但是，作为一种异体植入和有创手术，其相关并发症仍然不容忽视。我院人工耳蜗中心自开展人工耳蜗植入手术以来至2006年2月底已为866例患者实施了手术。这些患者中有1例术后2个月出现脑膜炎。报道如下。     

耳蜗骨化患者的人工耳蜗植入术

目的：探讨耳蜗骨化患者手术的技巧及术后效果。方法：回顾我科1997—2011年期间共29例耳蜗骨化的患者行人工耳蜗植入术。术前影像学及植入前骨化状况及电生理评估患者耳蜗功能。术后对患者进行言语评估及听觉行为分级标准和言语可懂度分级标准评估术后效果。结果：在29例耳蜗骨化患者中骨化程度为Ⅱ级的患者19例,骨化程度为Ⅰ级的患者4例,骨化程度Ⅲ级的患者4例。其中耳蜗骨化Ⅰ、Ⅱ级的患者中17例电极完全植入耳蜗,其余6例为部分植入电极。耳蜗骨化Ⅲ级的患者全部为部分植入。耳蜗植入术后大部分患者取得了较好的听力及语言的能力。结论：耳蜗骨化患者在完善术前评估的基础上可以完成人工耳蜗植入术并且部分患者可以取得较好的术后效果。术中电刺激听觉诱发电位的检测为评估残存螺旋神经的功能提供了一个很好的方法。     

聋儿早期人工耳蜗植入的分析

人工耳蜗装置和人工耳蜗植入手术近三十年的广泛应用．使越来越多的聋人改善听觉。随着科技的发展和经验的积累．早期诊断婴幼儿听力障碍和判断人工耳蜗适应症的可行性越来越高。人工耳蜗装置越来越适合小年龄聋儿。只要经过全面的医学检查和康复．使用合适的人工耳蜗装置进行手术．聋儿早期可以在听觉的发展．语言的获得等各方面取得实效．尽快地回归主流社会。给个体、家庭及社会减轻负担。早期人工耳蜗植入将逐渐成为聋儿早期干预和康复的常规手段之一。     

影响人工耳蜗植入效果因素分析

人工耳蜗植入（cochlear implant,CI）可帮助所有年龄段的感音神经性耳聋（sensorineural hearing loss.SNHL)患者,尤其重度、极重度感音神经性聋患者重获声音信息,可以改善患者的言语感知和生活质量,更好地促进身心健康,因此探究影响耳蜗植入效果的因素是临床的一个重要研究方向。本文通过文献回顾,主要介绍影响人工耳蜗植入术效果的因素。     

人工耳蜗植入的研究

人工耳蜗植入的研究曹克利用耳蜗植入（电子耳蜗）的方法使全自病人恢复听觉，是近二十年来生物医学工程领域内的又一进展，它是涉及耳科学、听大学、听生理学、心理物理学、电子学及高分子材料学等多学科综合研究的产物。随着微电子学和计算机科学等高技术的出现，近年来...     

耳蜗骨化患者人工耳蜗植入术

目的介绍耳蜗骨化患者人工耳蜗植入术中情况与术后效果，探讨耳蜗骨化时人工耳蜗植入术的可行性。方法回顾性分析31例耳蜗骨化患者人工耳蜗植入术中和术后的临床资料。结果1995年5月至2005年7月因重度和极重度感音神经性聋接受人工耳蜗植入术的患者720例，术中诊断耳蜗骨化31例（4．3％），其中男14例，女17例；手术时患者年龄1．4～59．0岁，平均13．2岁。轻度骨化27例，严重骨化4例。全部患者均经乳突一面隐窝进路完成人工耳蜗植入术。术中和术后均未出现并发症。患者术后声场听阈均达30～40dB，与无耳蜗骨化的患者相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论尽管耳蜗骨化时人工耳蜗植入手术难度很大，但耳蜗骨化时经常规乳突一面隐窝进路仍能完成电极植入，且轻度耳蜗骨化时能将电极全部植入蜗内，并且对电极损伤极小，术后听力效果好，因此人工耳蜗植入术对于耳蜗轻度骨化具有可行性。     

耳蜗性耳硬化症人工耳蜗植入的应用研究

分析耳蜗性耳硬化症患者的临床特点、人工耳蜗植入术中情况及人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语康复效果,为该疾病的诊治提供参考。方法分析4例耳蜗性耳硬化症患者病史资料、听力学检查结果及影像学结果,观察人工耳蜗植入手术的术中所见,并定期对4例患者进行听力学及影像学随访。结果①所有患者人工耳蜗电极均经圆窗膜径路完全植入鼓阶。其中1例于术中发现镫骨完全固定,导致术中鼓阶开孔时外淋巴波动不明显;1例发现圆窗膜骨化,术中鼓阶开孔定位困难;其余2例患者镫骨活动好,圆窗结构清晰。所有患者术中电极阻抗检测均正常,且引出标准的神经反应遥测波形;②术后随访1~5年无术后并发症出现,声场测听示平均听阈为40.8 dBHL,平均言语识别率为77.3%,言语及交流能力较术前提高;颞骨高分辨率CT提示双侧内耳病变范围无明显进展。结论耳蜗性耳硬化症进展缓慢,严重时可导致重度/极重度感音神经性聋,当使用助听器无效时,人工耳蜗植入能帮助患者获得较满意的听觉康复效果。     

人工耳蜗在老年性聋患者中的应用

目的随着社会人口老龄化,听力障碍在老年人群中的发病率也逐年增加,老年性聋引起的沟通障碍会给老年人群带来生活及心理上的变化,严重影响了老年人的生活质量。目前老年性聋的干预措施较多,其中重度及极重度感音神经性老年性聋患者可选择人工耳蜗植入,本文就老年性聋人工耳蜗植入的选择标准、术前评估、术后并发症、术后康复及效果评估等进行综述。     

人工耳蜗植入患者声源定位能力的影响因素

完整的听觉由听觉感知能力和声源定位能力共同构成。人工耳蜗植入（cochlear implant, CI）是目前双侧重度至极重度感音神经性聋患者最有效的治疗方案。近年来,CI患者术后声源定位能力引起了国内外学者广泛关注,文章就CI患者声源定位能力影响因素的研究现状作一综述。     

22导人工耳蜗植入4例报告

对3例语后聋、1例请前聋患者进行22导人工耳蜗植入，4例耳聋的原因分别为慢性中耳炎、分娩后不明原因、耳毒性药物和先天性聋，术前CT等检查未见耳蜗异常，但术中发现迷路严重骨化和耳蜗畸形各1例。水后1．0～1．5月进行开机调试，均恢复了听力和有满意的语言分辨率。文中对人工耳蜗植入的有关问题进行了讨论。     

Cochlear implantation in children with cochlear nerve deficiency

Objective

The aim of this study was to report on auditory performance after cochlear implantation in children with cochlear nerve deficiency.

Methods

A retrospective case review was performed. Five patients with pre-lingual profound sensorineural hearing loss implanted in an ear with cochlear nerve deficiency participated in the study. Postoperative auditory and speech performance was assessed using warble tone average threshold with cochlear implant, speech perception categories, and speech intelligibility ratings. All patients underwent high resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

According to Govaerts classification, three children had a type IIb and two a type IIa cochlear nerve deficiency. Preoperatively, four patients were placed into speech perception category 1 and one into category 2. All patients had an improvement in hearing threshold with the cochlear implant. Despite this, at the last follow-up (range 18–81 months, average 45 months), only one girl benefited from cochlear implantation; she moved from speech perception category 2 to 6 and developed spoken language. Another child developed closed set speech perception and had connected speech that was unintelligible. The other 3 children showed little benefit from the cochlear implant and obtained only an improved access to environmental sounds and improved lipreading skills. None of these 4 children developed a spoken language, but they were all full-time users of their implants.

Conclusions

The outcomes of cochlear implantation in these five children with cochlear nerve deficiency are extremely variable, ranging from sporadic cases in which open set speech perception and acquisition of a spoken language are achieved, to most cases in which only an improved access to environmental sound develops. Regardless of these limited outcomes, all patients in our series use their device on a daily basis and derive benefits in everyday life. In our opinion, cochlear implantation can be a viable option in children with cochlear nerve deficiency, but careful counseling to the family on possible restricted benefit is needed.     

Cochlear implantation in children

Cochlear implantation has revolutionized the treatment and prognosis of children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss who receive limited benefits from hearing aids. Children who receive cochlear implantation at young age, in particular before 2 years of age, can be expected to reach their normal age-equivalent developmental milestones and have higher chance to integrate into the mainstream educational settings. With the positive outcomes after cochlear implantation and the improvements in technology and surgical techniques, candidacy for cochlear implantation in children has been expanding to include hearing-impaired children with significant residual hearing, severe inner ear malformations, multiple handicaps such as mental retardation or visual impairment, and auditory neuropathy. Furthermore, there is growing interest in offering bilateral cochlear implantation to give children the benefits of binaural hearing. As the candidacy criteria expand, cochlear implant programs including preoperative evaluation, surgery, and habilitation have become more complex. Therefore, candidates should be selected prudently by multidisciplinary approach and cochlear implantation in children is much better to be provided by experienced cochlear implant team consisting of experts in relevant fields for the best results.     

Cochlear implantation after subtotal petrosectomies

Among cochlear implant candidates there are patients who have abnormal middle and/or inner-ear conditions that make them unsuitable for implantation. Insertion of a foreign body may also be contraindicated in the setting of an existing or potential intracranial communication, or when the ear is prone to infection. Five patients presented with such unfavorable conditions. These included a Mondini dysplasia with persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak, an atretic mastoid with meningocele, chronic otitis media, a transverse petrous bone fracture, and a temporal bone adenoma. All patients underwent subtotal petrosectomies and cochlear implantations. In four cases implantation was performed concomitantly with subtotal petrosectomy, while the remaining case required a two-stage procedure. No complications occurred. The technique is described in detail, and the cases and the indications for surgery are discussed. By obliterating and isolating the tympanomastoid cleft from the outer environment and utilizing the technique of subtotal petrosectomy, a broader spectrum of patients can now be implanted safely. Received: 22 November 1996 / Accepted: 24 June 1997     

A case of improved hearing with cochlear implantation in Gaucher disease type 1

Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by congenital defective function of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Glucocerebroside that is not hydrolyzed by glucocerebrosidase mainly accumulates in the reticular tissue. We describe a Japanese boy with Gaucher disease type 1 who developed bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss within approximately 4 years. We performed cochlear implantation initially on his right ear and again on his left ear 5 months later. The cochlear implants were successfully utilized with a speech discrimination score of 95% on a Japanese sentence recognition test. There are many reports of central hearing loss in Gaucher disease type 2 or 3. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of profound inner ear hearing loss with Gaucher disease. It also appears to be the first record of cochlear implantation for Gaucher disease. Cochlear implants may be useful for sensorineural hearing loss in patients with Gaucher disease without neurological symptoms other than hearing loss.     

Double challenge: cochlear implantation in the only hearing ear with progressive hearing loss following meningitis and vestibular dysfunction after implantation

ObjectiveVestibular dysfunction associated with cochlear implantation is rare. It is usually seen in patients with otosclerosis due to spread of electrical activity throughout the demineralized bone. A 17-year old female with progressive hearing loss 2 years after meningitis and vestibular dysfunction in the implanted ear is presented in this study.FindingsThe patient had mild hearing loss in the right ear and total hearing loss on the left side because of complete ossification of the cochlea following meningitis. She had to have cochlear implantation in the right ear because of progression of hearing loss. She had successful implantation but she experienced vestibular dysfunction following activation of cochlear electrodes. Closure of two electrodes caused disruption of auditory programming. Then the patient was subjected to long term vestibular rehabilitation program.ConclusionTiming for implantation before the completion of cochlear ossification is crucial not to miss the chance for hearing restoration. However, difficulties in hearing rehabilitation due to extensive ossification can be doubled by vestibular problems triggered by stimulation of the vestibular nerve by cochlear electrodes. Attempts to reduce the balance problem will complicate auditory programming. Vestibular rehabilitation for long term helps to carry on hearing progress.     

人工耳蜗术后早期电极阻抗变化规律的研究

目的探讨人工耳蜗植入术后电极阻抗值与电极位置的关系及电极阻抗的总体变化特点。方法对2018年9月至2019年9月在中国科学技术大学附属第一医院行人工耳蜗植入术的患者100例(100耳),于术中、术后3天、术后1月(开机时)及术后3月测试电极阻抗值,分析结果。结果①100例患者总体及不同分区电极阻抗均值术中时最低,开机时(术后1月)升至最高,开机后(术后3月)呈降低趋势,三个时间点均值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);②在术中、术后1月与术后3月均为蜗顶区电极阻抗值最高,与蜗中区及蜗底区比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);③蜗顶区1号和2号电极的阻抗值在术后3天即已升高,与术中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论电极阻抗值总体变化趋势为术中最低,术后1月(开机时)升至最高,开机后下降。蜗顶区阻抗值术后3天即明显升高且始终较蜗中区和蜗底区高。