正常高值血压42例心血管病危险因素分析

目的探讨正常高值血压患者的心血管病危险因素。方法根据《中国高血压防治指南(2005年修订版)》选择正常高值血压组42例及理想血压组50例,测量腰围、身高、体质量、坐位血压,计算体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀围比(WHR);测定空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、尿液微量白蛋白(MAU);并进行24 h动态心电图(Holter)、24 h动态血压(ABPM)监测。结果正常高值血压组与理想血压组相比,UA和MAU含量分别为(337.48±70.58)μmol/L比(257.63±69.42)μmol/L;(3.84±1.62)mg/L比(3.09±0.62)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。正常高值血压组的WHR(0.83±0.08)与理想血压组(0.73±0.04)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组的心率变异性(HRV)时域和频域参数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的24 h收缩压变异系数(24 hSSD)分别为(17.3±2.3)%和(13.9±1.8)%;24 h舒张压变异系数(24hDSD)分别为(13.2±1.7)%和(10.3±1.7)%;非杓型血压的比例分别为26%和8%;收缩压负荷率(SBP-L)分别为(34±21)%和(12±10)%;舒张压负荷率(DBP-L)分别为(32±20)%和(11±9)%;差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。比较两组的BMI、FPG、CHO、TG、HDL-C、和LDL-C差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与理想血压组比较,正常高值血压组的UA、MAU明显升高;迷走神经张力下降;血压变异性(BPV)、血压负荷和非杓型血压比例增高。     

正常高值血压飞行人员心血管危险因素调查分析

目的 探讨正常高值血压飞行人员心血管危险因素存在情况,为预防心血管疾病的发生提供参考依据.方法 根据血压水平,将391名飞行人员分为正常血压组及正常高值血压组,并将两组人员的体质指数（body mass index,BMI）、血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白（high density lipoprotein,HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein,LDL）、血尿酸（uric acid,UA）等指标进行比较,且调查其吸烟情况及心血管疾病家族史.结果 常高值血压组飞行人员BMI、TG、LDL水平及血脂异常患病率均显著高于正常组（r=2．023、2．191、2．336,P＜0．05;χ2=7．535,P＜0．05）,两组间UA、TC、HDL水平、吸烟率及心血管疾病家族史阳性率无明显差异. 结论 正常高值血压组飞行人员较正常血压组存在更多的心血管危险因素,应注重对这部分人群可控危险因素的干预.     

正常高值血压飞行人员心血管危险因素调查分析

Objective To investigate the epidemic features of cardiovascular risk factors in the flying personnel with high normal blood pressure(BP). Methods Three hundred and ninety-one flying personnel were divided into normal BP group and high normal BP group by judging if the systolic and diastolic BP was higher than 120 and 80 mm Hg respectively.Body mass index(BMI),serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL),low density lipoprotein(LDL)and uric acid(UA)were compared.History of smoking and heredity of cardiovascular diseases were surveyed. Results Level of BMI,TG,LDL and prevalence rate of blood fat abnormality in high normal BP group were significantly higher than those in normal BP group (r=2.023,2.191,2.336,P＜0．05;χ2=7.535,P＜0.05),but no significant differences on UA,TC,HDL,smoking habit and familial inherited cardiovascular diseases were found between groups. Conclusions The flying personnel with high normal BP run higher risk of suffering cardiovascular diseases.Medical interventions for controllable risk factors are suggested.     

某学院飞行学员血压分布及相关生理生化指标调查分析

目的 调查某学院飞行学员的血压分布及相关生理生化指标,为飞行学员血压的精细化管理提供客观依据。方法 对某学院420名飞行学员进行体格检查和相关生化指标检测,统计各项指标分布情况,根据血压水平分级,并分析相关生理及生化指标与不同血压分级之间的关系。结果 纳入调查的420名飞行学员中,发现血压异常8例（1.90%）,正常高值血压104例（24.76%）,正常血压308例（73.33%）,体质量指数（BMI）超重59例（14.05%）,高尿酸血症、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症检出率分别为14.05%、0.71%、0.95%、1.43%、3.81%、38.81%。正常高值血压组BMI、脉率均显著高于正常血压组（P<0.05）;血压异常组BMI、脉率高于正常血压组,其中脉率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。血压异常组合并2项及以上危险因素的例数为0;正常高值血压组飞行学员合并2项及以上危险因素发生率高于正常血压组,但差异无统计学意义。结论 对飞行学员中血压异常及正常高值血压这两类人群加强监测,同时综合管理相关危险因素。     

民航861名飞行人员血压状况调查分析

目的了解飞行人员血压水平及引起飞行人员血压升高的危险因素，为防治高血压提供依据。方法采用整体抽样的方法，抽取861名民航飞行人员的体检资料，同时进行有关、因素的问卷调查。所有资料采用SPSS13．0软件，进行方差分析及t检验。结果本组飞行人员正常血压者403人，占46．81％；正常高值者425人，占49．36％；1级高血压32人，占3．71％，2级高血压1人，占0．12％，高血压患病率3．83％。根据危险因素与血压组对照分析发现，年龄、心率、体重指数、腹围及是否经常锻炼与血压水平之间有显著性差异（P〈0．01），血糖、血脂、饮酒及吸烟与飞行人员的血压水平无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论飞行人员血压水平与年龄、心率增快、超重、腹型肥胖及缺乏体育锻炼密切相关，因此，对飞行人员尤其是血压处于正常高值者应加强健康教育，使他们改变生活习惯，从而减缓血压偏高的人群向高血压发展的趋势。     

心率与血压变异性分析在飞行人员高血压病研究中的应用

由中华医学会航空航天医学分会主办的全国第六次航空航天医学学术会议将于 2 0 0 2年 6月 2 6～2 9日在浙江宁波市召开。本次会议共收到应征论文 2 1 9篇 ,经专家评审组采用双向多重盲法 (作者与审者间双盲、审者间互盲 )审稿方式初选后 ,再集中会审 ,充分保证了公平、优质地录选稿件。最终录用 1 2 9篇 ,其中英语专题会交流 9篇 ,大会交流 1 7篇 ,专题会交流 1 0 3篇。现将这次会议入选论文以摘要形式在本刊预先发表。为了方便检索与学术交流 ,我们在每篇摘要前加了顺序编号 ,并标注了关键词 ;英语专题会交流论文摘要以中英文对照形式刊发 ;中文摘要加注了中国图书馆分类法分类号。     

飞行人员血压水平与心血管危险因素流行病学调查

目的：调查我军飞行人员血压水平与心血管疾病危险因素流行病学的关系。方法选取全军飞行人员年度体检资料,分析比较各血压分组的血压、血脂、血尿酸、体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、高血压及高脂血症患病率等指标。结果①1171名中资料完整有效者1135名。分为正常血压组386名,年龄（33.4±7.6）岁;正常高值血压组704名,年龄（35.0±8.3）岁;高血压组45名,年龄（44.6±7.3）岁;②飞行人员吸烟率为45.9%,超重肥胖率为58.5%,腹型肥胖率为25.9%,高血压、高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症、糖尿病、高尿酸血症的患病率分别为3.97%、22.38%、25.99%、1.23%和17.71%;③各组间年龄、腰围和血糖水平比较差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）,高血压组腹型肥胖患病率明显高于正常血压组和正常高值血压组（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）,高血压组和正常高值血压组的BMI水平、超重肥胖率和吸烟率明显高于正常组（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）;④具有1个或1个以上心血管危险因素者占80.65%,各血压分组间心血管危险因素聚焦情况有显著差异（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）。结论我军飞行人员心血管危险因素存在率高,应加强对可控危险因素的干预。     

军事飞行人员肺大疱患病情况调查及相关因素分析

目的 探讨军事飞行人员肺大疱的发生率及相关因素,为气胸的预防和鉴定提高参考.方法 回顾性分析2020年7～12月在疗养中心疗养的1636例军事飞行人员的胸部CT检查结果,分析肺大疱检出情况及发生部位,比较不同年龄、机种、飞行时间肺大疱检出率以及吸烟、体重指数(BMI)对肺大疱的影响,以明确发生肺大疱的危险因素.结果 1...     

Cerebral blood flow in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus

Mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) of the whole brain was measured in 48 patients who underwent cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) by performing first-pass radionuclide angiography using 99Tcm-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime. Patients were divided according to outcome into an 'excellent' improvement group, a 'good' improvement group, a 'fair' improvement group and a 'poor' improvement group. Patients with excellent and good improvement had a preoperative mean CBF of 40.4 +/- 3.9 ml.100 g-1.min-1 and 37.1 +/- 5.5 ml.100 g-1.min-1, respectively, both of which were significantly (P < 0.005) higher than that in 11 patients who showed fair improvement (30.8 +/- 3.2 ml.100 g-1.min-1) and six patients who showed poor improvement (31.8 +/- 2.5 ml.100 g-1.min-1). Patients with a clinical improvement after shunting had an increased postoperative mean CBF. We conclude that patients with a preoperative mean CBF of over 35 ml.100 g-1.min-1 can show favourable improvement after a shunting procedure, and that the preoperative mean CBF of 32 ml.100 g-1.min-1 can be considered the critical level for treatment.     

Variations in exercise systolic blood pressure in physically active middle-aged men with normal and elevated blood pressure

Considerable interindividual variation in the response of blood pressure to exercise has been found. In this study the response of systolic blood pressure during a progressive maximal bicycle ergometer test was investigated in 747 physically active male subjects over age of 40 years with normal, borderline elevated, and elevated resting blood pressure. The influence of several subject characteristics on this response was studied: 53% of variation in exercise systolic blood pressure (eSBP) could be explained by work load, pre-eSBP, and maximal working capacity (Wmax). No difference in the slope of eSBP during the exercise test was seen between the three groups. Subjects with higher Wmax had lower systolic blood pressures at the same work load compared with subjects with a lower Wmax. Subjects in the elevated blood pressure group had significantly lower Wmax, although maximal heart rate and lactate were similar. Other variables were not significantly associated with eSBP.     

空勤人员血脂代谢异常情况调查分析

目的 分析空勤人员血脂异常的特点,为各级卫生机构制定针对性的血脂异常干预措施提供理论依据.方法 以同年龄段7195名地方普通健康体检者作为对照,回顾性分析了4377名空勤人员的血脂异常的情况.结果 空勤组的平均总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipopr...     

94例健康航海人员24小时动态血压监测

目的　探讨健康航海人员 2 4h动态血压监测 (ABPM)各参数的正常值。方法　用标准水银柱式血压计测量左上臂坐位血压 ,对 94名血压 <140 / 90 mm Hg的健康航海人员 ,行 2 4h ABPM。结果　 94名健康航海人员 ABPM各参数均值 (上限值 )分别为 :2 4h动态血压 116 .10 (12 7.8) / 74.36(83.6 ) mm Hg,白天血压 119.13(131.6 ) / 76 .82 (86 .0 ) mm Hg,夜间血压 10 5 .5 1(119.9) / 6 5 .97(77.8)mm Hg。≥ 35岁组 2 4h平均舒张压高于 <35岁组 (P<0 .0 1)。不同海域的航海人员 2 4h ABPM各相应参数均值无明显差别 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。结论　建议以 2 4h动态血压均值 <12 8/ 84mm Hg,白天均值 <132 / 86 m m Hg,夜间均值 <12 0 / 78mm Hg,夜间血压下降率≥ 10 %和血压负荷值 <15 %作为暂定健康航海人员 2 4h动态血压正常参考值标准。     

Regional cerebral blood flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnostic and prognostic aspects

Relative regional cerebral blood flow (rrCBF) was measured by single-photon emission tomography (SPET), using technetium-^99m-d,l-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) as flow tracer, in 23 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). 1000 MBq ^99mTc-HMPAO was given intravenously and the rrCBF calculated as regional/cerebellar count level ratios. The patients were examined before and 3–12 months after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. rrCBF was also determined in ten healthy aged matched volunteers who served as controls. The NPH patients had decreased rrCBF in the hippocampal regions and in the frontal and parietal white matter as compared to the controls. The frontal/parietal rrCBF ratio correlated with both psychiatric disability and the preoperative degree of incontinence. Decreased flow in frontal white matter, frontoparietal and hippocampal grey matter and a low frontalparietal grey matter flow ratio preoperatively correlated with improvement in both Mini Mental State score and psychiatric disability after shunt surgery. After shunt surgery the rrCBF increased in the mesencephalon, frontal grey and white matter, parietal white matter and hippocampus. The flow increase in hippocampal regions and frontal white matter correlated with improvement in psychiatric symptomatology. The results of this study regarding the frontal and hippocampal rrCBF patterns, and the clinical correlation, support the hypothesis that CBF changes in these regions are of patohphysiological and prognostic importance in NPH. Correspondence to: A. Larsson     

Cerebral artery blood velocity in normal subjects during acute decreases in barometric pressure.

To investigate the effect of acute changes in barometric pressure on regional cerebral perfusion we studied the middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity in five healthy male volunteers by means of a low-pressure chamber. The MCA blood velocity, arterial blood and respiratory gases were measured at the barometric pressures of 1, 0.8, 0.65, and 0.5 atmospheres. The observed blood velocity (Vo) showed no systematic changes. Decreases in barometric pressure induced hypoxia and hypocapnia. When normalizing the MCA blood velocity (Vn) to a standard P(CO2) (5.3 kPa), thereby correcting for the hypoxic induced hypocapnia, we obtained an inverse relationship between cerebral artery blood velocity and arterial blood oxygen content (CaO2). The oxygen supply to the brain, estimated as the product of Vo and CaO2, decreased with lowering of the barometric pressure. However, the product of Vn and CaO2 remained constant. This suggests the existence of a regulatory mechanism attempting to maintain a constant oxygen supply to the brain during acute changes in CaO2, if the hyperventilation induced decrease in PCO2 can be omitted. In the artificial situation of a low pressure chamber, our findings are quite similar to those obtained at sea level. This indicates that the underlying mechanisms of control of cerebral blood flow do not change during acute exposure to altitude.     

飞行人员抗结核治疗中不良反应分析

目的 通过8例飞行人员结核的诊治过程,探讨飞行人员抗结核治疗中的不良反应问题.方法 回顾性分析空军特色医学中心8例飞行人员结核的诊治、不良反应情况及最终医学鉴定结果 ,并进行文献复习.结果 8例飞行人员结核治疗中出现5例高尿酸血症,4例肝损害,2例周围神经炎,1例视神经损伤,1例皮肤改变,1例抑郁症,多数与应用抗结核药...