兰索拉唑联合莫沙比利治疗反流性食管炎近期疗效观察

反流性食管炎（RE）是酸相关性上胃肠道动力障碍性疾病，抑制胃酸是治疗RE的主要方法^[1,2]，但抑酸治疗不能纠正食管和胃动力障碍。我们联合应用质子泵抑制剂（PPI）兰索拉唑和促动力药物莫沙比利治疗RE，旨在观察联合治疗RE的近期疗效和安全性。     

54例Barrett食管临床研究

目的 分析Barrett食管（barrecc esophagus，BE）患者的临床特点，尤其是胃镜下表现度食管动力改变，以提高BE的诊断率，以期早期治疗。方法 回顾分析54例BE患者的临床资料。结果 22例行食管动力检查提示LESP厦屏障压（LESP-GS）明显降低，酸反流总时间、酸反流总次数以度食管下段pH〈4时间百分比均明显增加。系统治疗后，41例患者在该院行胃镜复诊，21例（51．22％）仍为BE，19例（46．34％）患者恢复正常食管上皮，1例（2．44％）进展为食管腺癌。结论 BE是胃食管反流痛（gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD）严重的并发症；内镜下治疗联合抑酸治疗为BE治疗提供新的方法。     

胃食管反流病各亚型的食管测压分析

目的探讨胃食管反流病(GERD)各临床亚型的食管测压变化,以评价其临床价值。方法收集GERD患者150例,其中非糜烂性反流病(NERD)91例、反流性食管炎(RE)32例、Barrett食管(BE)27例,采用4导液压灌注食管压力检测系统测定患者食管下括约肌压力(LESP)和食管体部运动功能。结果 NERD和RE中,食管体部运动功能障碍的发生率与LESP异常的发生率比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),前者高于后者;而在BE患者中,食管体部运动功能障碍的发生率与LESP异常的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GERD各亚型中,食管体部运动功能异常的发生率不同,NERD组最高,RE组次之,BE组最低。各亚型LESP异常的发生率亦不同。结论 NERD和RE的动力异常主要表现为食管体部运动功能障碍而非LESP压力下降,食管体部功能障碍可能在GERD发病中起着更重要的作用。     

胃食管反流病患者食管黏膜损伤与食管动力学变化及酸暴露的关系

目的探讨胃食管反流病（GERD）患者食管黏膜损伤程度、食管动力学变化及酸暴露三者相互影响及相关性。方法随机选择2010年2月至2012年12月在我院消化内科就诊行胃镜检查确诊为GERD患者65例,男34例,女31例,年龄22～65岁,中位年龄48岁,分为NERD组12例和RE组53例,RE组按洛杉矶分级标准分为A、B、C、D组,选10例健康者为对照组;进行食管压力测定及24 h动态食管pH值监测。结果 B～D组LESP显著低于对照组和NERD组（P＜0.05）,RE各组食管括约肌上10 cm压力、食管收缩幅度、无效食管运动发生率与对照组和NERD组比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,LESP、食管收缩幅度与食管损伤程度均呈负相关（r＝-0.41,-0.48,P＜0.05）。 NERD组和RE各组24 h动态食管pH值监测结果与对照组比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,A组DeMeester评分、酸暴露率和反流周期数均显著低于NERD组（P＜0.05）,A组合计反流时间、食管酸清除时间、最长反流时间与NERD组比较均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。 DeMeester评分与食管损伤程度均呈正相关（r＝0.56,P＜0.05）。酸暴露组食管收缩幅度和无效食管运动发生率与非酸暴露组比较均有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。结论 GERD食管黏膜损伤与食管括约肌功能不全、食管推进性蠕动功能障碍及酸暴露有关,食管推进性蠕动功能障碍是主要机制。     

圣阳安中片联合奥美拉唑治疗非糜烂性反流病的临床观察

胃食管反流病（GERD）是消化系统常见病，定义为胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起烧心、反酸等症状，并可导致食管炎和咽、喉、气道等食管以外的组织损害。约30％患者在内镜下可见食管粘膜任何长度的破损，包括糜烂、溃疡、狭窄等病变，称反流性食管炎（RE）及Barrett’s食管；70％左右的患者内镜下可无食管沾膜损坏的表现，称为内镜阴性的GERD或非糜烂性反流病（NERD）。目前治疗NERD以抑酸及促胃肠动力为主，但抑酸药只对大约一半的NERD有效，当抑酸药无效时应考虑其他综合治疗。作者以圣阳安中片联合奥美拉唑治疗NERD取得较好疗效，现报告如下。     

老年反流性食管炎患者的临床特点及食管运动功能分析

【摘要】目的探讨老年反流性食管炎（RE）患者的临床表现、内镜、幽门螺杆菌（Up）感染及食管运动功能特点,为老年RE患者的治疗提供理论依据。方法选取我院近3年来经内镜诊断并行食管测压及食管24hpH值监测的老年RE患者56例与同期检出的中青年RE患者58例,分析两组患者的临床表现、内镜、Hp感染及食管运动功能特点。结果老年组反酸、胃灼热的发生率明显低于中青年组（P〈0．05）。老年组轻中度食管炎发生率低于中青年组,重度食管炎发生率高于中青年组,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。老年组食管裂孔疝（HH）合并率显著高于中青年组（P〈0．05）。老年组伴发Barrett食管（BE）7例（12．5％）,中青年组3例（5．2％）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。老年组Hp阳性率29．6％;中青年组Hp阳性率26．4％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。老年组下食管括约肌压力（LESP）、食管体部压力明显低于中青年组（P〈O．05）。反流〉5min次数老年组明显高于中青年组（P〈0．05）。结论老年RE患者的典型症状发生率明显低于中青年人,非典型症状高于中青年人。RE食管黏膜破损程度随年龄增加而加重。老年RE患者HH的发生率增加,BE发生率较中青年人有增高趋势,Hp感染率与中青年RE患者相近。老年人RE患者抗反流能力减弱、食管酸廓清能力下降明显,可出现更严重的食管运动功能障碍。     

胃食管反流性咽喉炎的治疗体会

目的：探讨胃食管反流性咽喉炎发生的治疗。方法：对88例胃食管反流性咽喉炎患者，治疗组和对照组两组。治疗组应用抑酸药、促动力药和华素片含服治疗；对照组仅用华素片含服治疗。对两组咽喉及胸部症状缓解及内镜下食道、胃黏膜病理改善情况进行统计学比较。结果：治疗组总有效率为89．5％，对照组总有效率为14.3％，两者间具有显著性差异（P〈0．005）。结论：胃食管反流性咽喉炎的重要病因是胃内容物反流入食管甚至咽喉或呼吸道等处，酸性反流物造成局部炎症性病损，抑酸剂及促动力药可缓解或改善胃食管反流性咽喉炎的症状。     

反流性食管炎联合用药疗效观察

目的分析抗酸剂、抑酸剂、胃动力药、黏膜保护剂治疗反流性食管炎的临床疗效。方法收集经平顶山煤业医疗集团八矿医院收治的36例HP阴性的反流性食管炎患者,随机分为两组。治疗组接受硫酸铝、奥美拉唑、吗丁啉、果胶铋联合用药治疗,而对照组患者接受以上四种药中的单一药物治疗。治疗8周后观察其病情变化及临床恢复情况,并通过食管pH值及压力测定,比较各指标情况。结果两组经过8周治疗后,治疗组患者临床症状（胸骨后烧灼、反酸、吞咽障碍等症状）明显改善,食管pH值及压力测定均明显改善（P〈0.05）。结论抗酸剂、抑酸剂、胃动力药、黏膜保护剂联合用药是治疗反流性食管炎的有效方法 。     

胃食管反流性咳嗽50例分析

目的：探讨胃食管反流性咳嗽的治疗方法。方法：对2004年1月-2007年1月收治的50例胃食管反流性咳嗽患者的临床表现、治疗方法及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果：50例患者中,31例咳嗽伴反酸及胸骨后烧灼感。通过对患者进行宣教,给予抑酸剂、质子泵抑制剂或H2受体拮抗剂及促胃动力药等治疗,23例患者口服药物7～14d时症状缓解,21d左右症状消失;17例患者口服药物15～21d时症状缓解,4周时症状消失;10例症状较重者服药4周时症状明显减轻,总疗程≥2个月。结论：患者通过改变饮食及睡眠习惯,应用抑酸剂及抗反流药物,积极治疗消化性溃疡等原发病,胃食管反流性咳嗽可取得满意疗效。     

反流性食管炎伴慢性咽炎45例分析

目的探讨反流性食管炎伴慢性咽炎的临床特点及治疗方法。方法对反流性食管炎伴慢性咽炎45例患者予以抑酸剂、促动力药治疗。结果显效12例（24.5%）,有效22例（53.1%）,无效11例（22.4%）,总有效率为78.6%。结论对反流性食管炎伴慢性咽炎的患者进行抑酸剂、促动力药治疗,效果明显,同时应注意饮食控制,坚持按疗程服药。     

24h食管pH监测和食管测压及奥美拉唑治疗试验在食管原性胸痛中的应用

目的 :探讨 2 4 h食管 p H监测和食管测压及奥美拉唑治疗试验在食管原性胸痛中的诊断价值。方法 :对食管原性胸痛 6 8例行内镜、食管测压、2 4 h食管 p H监测及 7d的奥美拉唑 (2 0 mg,2次 / d)治疗试验 ,治疗后症状评分比治疗前降低超过 75 %者则为治疗试验阳性。结果 :食管原性胸痛 6 8例中 5 5例 (81% )符合胃食管反流病 (GERD) ,胡桃夹食管 2例 ,早期贲门失驰缓症 3例 ,弥漫性食管痉挛 3例 ,无效食管运动 (IEM) 5例。GERD5 2例测压分析 ,35例(6 7% )符合 IEM诊断标准。奥美拉唑治疗试验对诊断 GERD的敏感性为 93% ,特异性为 85 %。结论 :GERD是食管原性胸痛的主要原因。 2 4 h食管 p H监测和食管测压是诊断食管原性胸痛的主要检查手段 ,奥美拉唑治疗试验是临床诊断GERD简便而实用的方法。     

功能性消化不良者心理因素与食管动力的关系

目的探讨心理因素与功能性消化不良(FD)食管动力的关系。方法使用高分辨率旁道灌注测压系统对20例健康对照组及121例FD进行食管动力测定,同时以焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表评定两组的心理状态,并观察食管动力与心理状态的联系。结果9.8%(24/121)的FD患者有食管动力障碍,主要表现为非特异性食管动力障碍70.8%(17/24);胡桃夹食管2例、弥漫性食管痉挛5例;60.7%(73/121)的FD者有心理障碍,其中抑郁障碍38.0%(46/121)、焦虑障碍48.8%(59/121),对照组1例有轻度的抑郁障碍,P<0.01。有心理障碍FD者食管动力障碍发生率(26.0%,19/73)比非心理障碍FD者(10.4%,5/48)显著增高(P<0.05),且前者LES压力、食管体蠕动波幅、持续时间均显著高于后者(P<0.05)。结论食管动力障碍是FD重要功能紊乱之一,长期抑郁或焦虑可能影响FD食管动力。     

高频腔内超声对胃食管反流患者食管运动功能的评价

目的 应用高频腔内超声与食管测压同步检测胃食管反流病(GERD)患者的食管运动功能异常情况,并尝试论证腔内超声评估食管运动功能异常的有效性和可行性,以及食管压力与食管壁肌层厚度之间的关系.方法 10例经内镜及24 h食管pH检测确诊为GERD的患者,5例正常志愿者作为对照.经鼻腔导入高频超声探头(频率20 MHz,直径1.9 mm)及四通道水灌注式测压导管,在观察静息及吞咽时食管压力变化的同时,同步记录食管的运动影像,并计算出下食管括约肌上端5 cm、10 cm、1 5 cm及20 cm处食管环形肌和纵形肌的收缩指数、收缩周期及食管截面积.同时,通过测压导管同步监测湿咽时食管的最大压力值,计算其与同一位置的食管最大肌层厚度之间的相关性.结果 10例GERD患者与正常对照组相比,食管各段环形肌、纵形肌收缩指数均明显缩小(P＜0.05);收缩周期有延长的趋势;而最大截面积与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).食管各段的最大压力值与同一部位的最大肌层厚度之间存在正相关(r=0.552～0.736).结论 食管各部位的最大压力值与最大肌层厚度之间存在正相关;GERD患者存在食管运动功能的异常,食管壁的舒缩能力下降以及收缩周期延长可能影响食管的廓清力,从而与GERD的发病有直接关系;同时,高频腔内超声为功能性胃肠病的诊断及其临床研究提供了一种新的方法.     

术中食管测压在外科治疗贲门失弛缓症中的应用

[目的]利用食管测压技术,监测贲门失弛缓症患者行改良Heller手术术前、术中、术后食管动力学的改变,探讨改良Heller手术的机制及疗效.[方法]对21例贲门失弛缓症患者行经腹改良Heller手术,对患者术前、术中、术后食管测压,术前、术后24 h pH值检测及术后并发症、远期疗效等进行观察.[结果]21例均手术顺利,无手术死亡,食管测压显示术后食管下括约肌压力（LESP）、吞咽后食管下括约肌松弛百分比等指标明显改善,术后随访19例,1例偶有进食不畅,优良率达94.7%.[结论]经腹改良Heller术在治疗贲门失弛缓症中机制合理,并发症少,疗效满意.附加抗反流术式是防止反流的有效措施.术中食管测压对提高手术疗效有一定的指导作用.     

Esophageal manifestation in patients with scleroderma

The esophagus is the most commonly affected part of the gastrointestinal system in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Esophageal involvement may lead to a significant reduction in patient quality of life. The exact pathophysiology is complex and not yet fully elucidated. Ultimately, esophageal smooth muscle becomes atrophied and replaced by fibrous tissue leading to severe motility disturbance of the distal esophagus. Symptoms are mainly attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease and to esophageal dysmotility. Compelling evidence has correlated esophageal involvement to the severity of pulmonary disease. No formed guidelines exist about the diagnostic modalities used to assess esophageal disease in patients with SSc, though upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the first and most important modality used as it can reveal alterations commonly observed in patients with SSc. Further exploration can be made by high resolution manometry and pH-impedance study. Proton pump inhibitors remain the mainstay of treatment, while prokinetic agents are commonly used as add-on therapy in patients with symptoms attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease not responding to standard therapy as well as to motility disturbances. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms in patients with SSc are frequently difficult to manage, and new therapeutic modalities are emerging. The role of surgical treatment is restricted and should only be preserved for resistant cases.     

Esophageal dysmotility in patients who have eosinophilic esophagitis

The understanding of esophageal motility alterations in patients who have eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is in its infancy despite the common presenting complaint of dysphagia. A diversity of motility disorders has been reported in patients who have EE including achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus, and nonspecific motility alterations including high-amplitude esophageal body contractions, tertiary contractions, abnormalities in lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and other peristaltic problems. Some evidence suggests that treatment of EE will improve motility. Technological advances such as high-resolution manometry and combined manometry with impedance may provide new insight into more subtle motility abnormalities.     

Esophageal motility disorders with thoracic pain of unknown origin

35 patients with angina-like chest pain underwent esophageal manometry after a coronary artery disease had been ruled out by angiography. Furthermore, patients after gastric or esophageal surgery, with pathologic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or with pathologic gastroesophageal reflux as seen on 24-hour-pH-metry were excluded from this study. 29 out of 35 patients (83%) had a normal manometric study, six patients (17%) had a motility disorder; five of these showed an unspecific dismotility pattern and were asymptomatic while the study was done; only one patient presented with esophageal spasm. Since only this latter patient was symptomatic while the study was done, a correlation between symptoms and this motility disorder seems likely. --If pathologic gastroesophageal reflux has been ruled out, esophageal manometry can establish a diagnosis in only 3% of patients with angina-like chest pain without esophageal symptoms (dysphagia, odynophagia, heartburn or regurgitation). We conclude that this complicated examination should not be done in these patients.     

Diagnosis of esophageal motor disorders: A prospective study comparing barium swallow,food barium mixture,and continuous swallows with manometry

Radiography and manometry of the esophagus were compared in 77 patients consecutively referred for manometric investigation on suspicion of esophageal motility disorder. Radiography and manometry were carried out simultaneously, and the results were assessed blindly. The examination comprised barium swallow, bread barium swallow, and barium swilling. Considering manometry as the standard, the overall sensitivity and specificity of the radiologic examinations were 90.4% and 92.0%, respectively. We conclude that radiology is an excellent investigation for the separation of patients with and without esophageal motility disorders, but correct subclassification often required manometry.     

évaluation des anomalies motrices oesophagiennes au cours de la dysphagie avec endoscopie digestive haute normale

Aims

Dysphagia is considered, rightly, as an alarm symptom requiring upper endoscopy which is sometimes normal. Esophageal manometry is the second examination performed to explore this symptom. The aims of this study are to evaluate the frequency and to identify the type of oesophageal motility disorders in patients with dysphagia with a normal endoscopy.

Patients and methods

It was a retrospective study including patients with dysphagia with normal upper endoscopy and referred to our department for esophageal manometry. The variables assessed were: age; gender; dysphagia duration; LES pressure and relaxation on swallowing; amplitude, duration and propagation of peristaltic contractions.

Results

226 patients were included: 114 women (50.4 %) and 112 men (49.6 %) whose mean age was 44.23 ± 16.50 years. The median duration of dysphagia was 12 months [6.25–48]. Dysphagia was isolated in 38 cases (16.8 %). Esophageal manometry was abnormal in 144 patients (63.7 %). The inadequate relaxation (achalasia) was the most frequent primary motor disorder in these patients (36.3 %).

Conclusion

In patients with dysphagia with normal upper endoscopy, esophageal manometry should be routinely performed to diagnose esophageal motility disorders. These are noted in 2 of 3 patients. Achalasia is a primary motor disorder most often frequent.