氰戊菊酯对雄性大鼠生殖内分泌系统的影响

目的 :研究氰戊菊酯 (Fen)对雄性生殖内分泌系统的损害作用及其机制。　方法 :将不同剂量的Fen(0、2 .4、12、6 0mg/kg) ,每日分别对雄性成年SD大鼠连续灌胃 ,染毒 15、30d ,应用RIA法测定大鼠血清中FSH、LH、T和睾丸匀浆中T的水平 ,同步测定睾丸标志酶ACP、γ GT的活性 ,并采用精子头计数法观测每日精子生成量 (Spr)的变化。　结果 :与对照组相比 ,染毒 15d时 ,血清中FSH水平在≤ 12mg/kg剂量组均明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,血清中LH含量在 12mg/kg剂量组显著增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,而睾丸匀浆中T在≥ 12mg/kg剂量组中表现为显著下降 (P<0 .0 1) ;染毒至 30d时 ,血清中FSH水平在≥ 12mg/kg剂量范围继续呈现显著增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,睾丸匀浆中T在2 .4mg/kg剂量组则降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。ACP活性在染毒 15d时 2 .4mg/kg剂量组表现为升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,继续染毒至 30d时 6 0mg/kg剂量组则显著减低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;γ GT活性则始终随染毒剂量的增加而降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。Spr与染毒剂量有明显的剂量依赖关系 ,在≥ 12mg/kg剂量范围显著减少 (P <0 .0 1)。 　结论 :Fen对雄性大鼠有明显的生殖毒性 ,可影响其血清及睾丸性激素水平和酶活性 ,这可能与Fen对支持细胞和生精上皮的损害有关     

辛硫磷与氰戊菊酯对生精过程的联合作用

目的:研究辛硫磷(Pho)与氰戊菊酯(Fen)对雄性大鼠生精过程的联合毒性作用。方法:根据统计学三个剂量水平的析因分析方法(3×3)研究Pho与Fen,以对照组及Pho和Fen的半数致死量(LD50)的1/250 LD50(5.9、2.4 mg/kg)和1/50 LD50(29.4、12.0 mg/kg)分别作为低剂量组、高剂量组设计成三个剂量水平。将135只成年SD大鼠随机分为9组,即分为对照组(0 mg/kg);Pho组:(5.9、29.4 mg/kg);Fen组:(2.4、12.0 mg/kg);Pho+Fen组:(5.9+2.4、5.9+12.0、29.4+2.4、29.4+12.0 mg/kg)。将不同剂量的Pho、Fen、Pho+Fen,每日分别对雄性成年SD大鼠连续灌胃,染毒15 d和30 d。应用RIA法测定大鼠血清中FSH、LH、T和睾丸匀浆中T的水平,同步测定睾丸组织中的睾丸标志酶ACP、γ-GT的活性,并采用精子头计数法观测每日精子生成量(Spr)的变化。结果:染毒15 d,Pho与Fen混配农药对血清中LH、FSH有明显的交互作用(P<0.05),生殖毒性相互影响,数据分析表明LH随着剂量的增加在高剂量组(29.4+12.0 mg/kg)联合作用呈现为协同作用,而FSH的水平变化则随剂量增加表现为拮抗作用(P<0.01)。染毒30 d,混配农药(Pho+Fen)对睾丸匀浆中的T含量存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),联合作用表现为协同作用。在染毒15、30 d,随着剂量的增加,Pho和Fen均可引起Spr的减少及γ-GT和ACP的活性降低,但Pho与Fen的混配对Spr、ACP、γ-GT无明显的交互作用(P>0.05),联合作用表现为相加作用。结论:在已知Pho和Fen均对生精过程具有损害作用的前提下,本研究表明Pho和Fen对生精过程的联合作用表现为其对生精过程的损害与所暴露的剂量水平和时间均有明显的关联性,联合作用主要表现为协同作用和相加作用,有明显的增毒效应。     

益肾生精胶囊对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯致生殖功能损伤大鼠精子质量及生殖激素水平的影响

目的:探讨邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)所致不育症的可能病理机制,观察益肾生精胶囊对DBP所致Wistar雄性大鼠生殖功能受损的干预调节,以揭示其治疗DBP所致不育症的可能作用机制。方法:将100只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为空白组20只和DBP造模组80只。于造模4周后,行模型评价。模型验证成功后,随机分为模型组、益肾生精胶囊高、中、低剂量组和空白组共5组。药物干预4周后,处死各组大鼠,检测精子活力、浓度、畸形率,放射免疫法检测血清睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平;光镜观察睾丸组织形态结构。结果:与空白组相比,模型组大鼠睾丸组织结构有明显的病理学改变,精子活力、浓度、畸形率,血清T、LH、FSH水平有统计学差异(P0.01);与模型组相比,益肾生精胶囊高、中剂量组大鼠睾丸组织损伤有不同程度的恢复,精子活力、浓度、畸形率及血清T、LH、FSH水平有统计学差异(P0.01);与益肾生精胶囊高剂量组相比,中、低剂量组大鼠精子活力、浓度、畸形率及血清T、LH、FSH水平差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:DBP可致大鼠精子活力、浓度降低,精子畸形率增高;可致大鼠睾丸形态结构损伤;DBP可致血清T、LH水平降低,FSH水平增高。益肾生精胶囊可不同程度地提高DBP所致生殖功能受损大鼠精子活力、浓度,降低精子畸形率,提高血清T、LH水平,降低血清FSH水平;改善睾丸形态结构,并可能通过此途径提高大鼠生殖功能。     

MPA和MPA+TU对雄性大鼠生精功能和生殖激素的影响

目的 :观察单独使用醋酸甲孕酮 (MPA)和联合应用MPA与十一酸睾酮 (TU)对雄性大鼠血清FSH、LH、T和生精功能的影响。　方法 :2 0只大鼠随机均分为 4组 :A组为对照组 (给予生理盐水 ) ,B组小剂量MPA组 (37.5mg/kg) ,C组大剂量MPA组 (75mg/kg) ,D组为MPA +TU(MPA 75mg/kg ,TU 2 5mg/kg) ,肌肉注射 ,每月 1次 ,共 3个月。测定各组大鼠给药前后血清FSH、LH、T水平及各组大鼠精子计数和形态。　结果 :与对照组相比 ,处理组大鼠生精功能均明显受到抑制 ;单用MPA组的FSH、LH水平均显著降低 ;MPA +TU组的FSH、LH、T水平均明显下降 ,睾丸明显萎缩 ;与单用MPA组相比 ,MPA +TU组精子计数下降更显著 ,但血清FSH和LH受抑制的程度差异无显著性。　结论 :单独使用MPA可以抑制雄性大鼠血清FSH、LH水平并阻抑其生精功能 ;MPA +TU比单用MPA抑制生精效应更强。MPA +TU抑制生精的机制不仅仅在于反馈抑制促性腺激素 ,而且可能对睾丸本身有直接的抑制作用     

通痹合剂对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响

目的 观察通痹合剂对雄性大鼠性激素水平及生殖功能的影响.方法 27只成熟雄性SD大鼠,随机分成3组:正常组、合剂1组和合剂2组每组9只.对照组喂服生理盐水10ml/kg·d-1,合剂1组喂服合剂30g/kg·d-1,合剂2组喂服合剂10g/kg·d-1,60d后处死.检测睾丸系数、精子密度、形态、活力等及血清生殖激素(T、FSH、LH、E2).光镜观察睾丸和附睾组织的病理变化.结果 各组间血清生殖激素水平无统计学差异(P＞0.05).与正常组比较,合剂1组睾丸系数、精子密度显著下降(P＜0.01),合剂2组无统计学差异(P＞0.05).给药组精子形态异常,活动力丧失.光镜下合剂1组睾丸组织严重损伤,合剂2组睾丸组织几乎无损伤.结论 通痹合剂具有明显的抗雄性生育作用,其影响程度呈剂量-效应关系.     

维生素E对邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯致雄性大鼠生殖毒性的拮抗作用

目的:探索维生素E(VE)对青春期邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)暴露致雄性大鼠生殖毒性的干预作用以及其机制。方法:将30只35日龄雄性SD大鼠(体重96~122 g)随机分为对照组(玉米油),低[10 mg/(kg·d)]、中[100 mg/(kg·d)]、高[500 mg/(kg·d)]DEHP组,以及VE干预组[(500 mg/(kg·d)DEHP+100 mg/(kg·d)VE],各组给予相应食物30 d。在染毒干预结束后,分别检测大鼠睾丸组织氧化应激指标、附睾尾部精子参数、血清生殖激素水平、凋亡相关靶基因及蛋白的表达。结果:与对照组比较,中、高DEHP组血清中FSH、LH和T水平明显降低,精子运动参数VAP、VCL明显降低,SOD和GSH-Px活力显著降低,Bak、Bax基因表达和Bax/Bcl-2基因表达比值显著升高,细胞色素C mRNA表达及细胞色素C和Caspase-3蛋白表达均显著上调(P均0.05);高DEHP组MDA含量[(3.32±0.87)nmol/mg pro vs(2.13±0.49)nmol/mg pro]明显升高,精子运动参数VAP、VCL、VSL、STR、LIN、WOR均明显降低(P0.05)。与高DEHP组比较,VE干预组的LH和T水平明显升高;VAP、VSL、VCL、STR和WOB明显升高;SOD和GSH-Px活力显著升高;MDA含量明显降低;Bak、Bax基因表达和Bax/Bcl-2基因表达比值显著降低;细胞色素C、Caspase-3 mRNA表达及蛋白表达均显著下调(P均0.05)。结论:青春期DEHP暴露可抑制生殖激素分泌或释放,导致雄性大鼠睾丸组织氧化损伤,激活细胞线粒体凋亡通路,也可导致附睾精子质量下降;而VE对DEHP所诱导的雄性生殖毒性具有一定的拮抗作用。     

脂多糖对雄性大鼠睾丸组织病理学和生殖内分泌功能的影响

目的:研究脂多糖诱导的炎症对雄性大鼠睾丸组织病理学和生殖内分泌功能的影响,初步探讨炎症影响雄性生育的可能机制。方法:36只雄性SD大鼠(400~450g)随机分为4组,每组9只。对照组(A组)大鼠腹膜内注射无菌生理盐水,余下3组大鼠腹膜内注射脂多糖(LPS,5 mg/kg,溶于无菌生理盐水中),分别于注药12 h(B组)、24 h(C组)和72 h(D组)后麻醉处死。取各组大鼠左侧睾丸,制成组织切片,HE染色,镜下观察睾丸组织病理学改变;取各组大鼠血清进行血清睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)含量检测。结果:①大鼠睾丸组织HE染色显示:与A组相比,B组大鼠睾丸生精小管结构清晰,各级生精细胞排列整齐,部分生精小管管腔内精子数目有所减少,并可见脱落的生精细胞;C组大鼠睾丸生精上皮变薄,生精小管结构较紊乱、不规则,各级生精细胞减少且排列不整齐,生精小管管腔内成熟精子数目减少,并可见脱落的生精细胞;D组大鼠睾丸生精上皮变薄,生精小管结构紊乱、不规则,各级生精细胞明显减少且层次紊乱,生精小管管腔内成熟精子数目减少,可见较多生精细胞脱落并阻塞管腔。②各组大鼠血清T、LH、FSH含量,A组T为(0.490±0.028)ng/ml,LH为(6.290±0.515)ng/L,FSH为(1.837±0.127)IU/L;B组T为(0.460±0.024)ng/ml,LH为(5.881±0.124)ng/L,FSH为(1.707±0.098)IU/L;C组T为(0.417±0.021)ng/ml,LH为(5.123±0.271)ng/L,FSH为(1.620±0.115)IU/L;D组T为(0.378±0.021)ng/ml,LH为(4.504±0.279)ng/L,FSH为(1.562±0.216)IU/L;与A组相比,B组大鼠血清T、LH和FSH含量均降低,但无统计学差异(P0.05);C、D组大鼠血清T和LH明显降低(P0.01),FSH降低,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:脂多糖(5 mg/kg)腹膜内注射诱导炎症可损害雄性大鼠睾丸组织,并影响大鼠生殖内分泌功能,导致血清T、LH和FSH含量降低,可能影响雄性生育。     

亚慢性染毒丙烯酰胺对雄性大鼠生殖及睾丸内分泌功能的影响

目的:探讨亚慢性丙烯酰胺染毒对雄性大鼠生殖及睾丸内分泌功能的影响。方法:选择SD雄性成年大鼠40只,随机分成4组,每组10只,灌胃给予丙烯酰胺,剂量分别为0、4、10、18mg/(kg.d),染毒9周。染毒结束后,测量大鼠后肢支撑力,精子存活率、精子畸形率、睾丸匀浆中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性、血清和睾丸匀浆中T及E2浓度。建立睾丸Leydig细胞体外原代培养模型,丙烯酰胺体外染毒剂量分为0、0.1、0.75、4、8mmol/L,通过CCK-8法观察Leydig细胞活性。结果:随着染毒剂量的增加,后肢展开距离显著加宽(P<0.01)。精子存活率分别为(76.86±5.46)%、(65.43±5.16)%、(60.86±4.26)%和(46.86±2.73)%,各剂量组与对照组比较显著下降(P<0.01);畸形率分别为(39.00±10.95)%、(35.43±7.54)%、(45.71±13.28)%和(56.71±17.01)%,10、18mg/(kg.d)剂量组明显上升(P<0.05)。ACP活性为(82.93±11.05)、(73.52±8.77)、(77.67±3.04)、(68.56±3.09)U/gprot,呈下降趋势;ALP活性为(0.96±0.15)、(1.07±0.22)、(1.12±0.22)、(0.74±0.10)U/gprot,呈现先上升后下降的趋势。两者的活性在18mg/(kg.d)剂量组与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。血清T浓度分别为(13.44±4.76)、(7.69±3.84)、(5.23±1.42)、(1.36±0.86)ng/ml,睾丸匀浆中T浓度分别为(4.95±1.64)、(3.01±0.76)、(2.44±0.91)、(0.85±0.49)ng/mgprot,两者各剂量组与对照组比较都显著下降(P<0.01)。各剂量组E2水平无明显差异。丙烯酰胺染毒24h后,培养细胞A值分别为0.82±0.06、0.56±0.07、0.44±0.06、0.26±0.03和0.45±0.21,0.1、0.75、4、8mmol/L剂量组Leydig细胞活性受到显著抑制(P<0.01)。结论:亚慢性丙烯酰胺染毒,影响精子正常发育,引起睾丸一些生化酶活性改变;大鼠后肢运动协调性明显受到影响;丙烯酰胺对Leydig细胞有直接损伤作用,影响其内分泌功能。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对青春期大鼠雄性生殖系统的影响

目的:探讨邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对青春期大鼠雄性生殖系统的影响。方法:5周龄雄性SD大鼠用DBP灌胃染毒30d,染毒剂量包括:10、100、500mg/(kg.d),对照组仅给予溶剂(玉米油)。染毒结束后,检测睾丸、附睾、垂体、肝脏重量及脏器系数。苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法检测睾丸、附睾组织病理改变。放免法测定血清中黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)水平。实时定量反转录PCR测定类固醇激素合成急性期调节蛋白(StAR)、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、细胞色素P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450scc)、清道夫受体(SR)mRNA的相对表达变化。结果:500mg/(kg.d)组中,睾丸及附睾重量明显减轻,垂体、肝脏的重量没有明显改变。100mg/(kg.d)和500mg/(kg.d)DBP导致了睾丸组织病理学改变。500mg/(kg.d)DBP组中血清T、LH水平降低,血清FSH升高。10mg/(kg.d)DBP组血清LH及FSH水平升高。500mg/(kg.d)DBP抑制了StAR、PCNAmRNA的表达。10mg/(kg.d)DBP提高了P450sccmRNA的表达水平,SRmRNA表达水平没有明显改变。结论:高剂量DBP对雄性生殖系统有明显毒性效应,较低水平的DBP改变了血清中促性腺激素LH的水平,并有可能以此来改变睾丸中P450sccmRNA的表达。     

男性无精子症患者血清生殖激素水平与睾丸生精功能的相关分析

目的观察男性无精子症患者血清生殖激素水平情况,探讨生殖激素水平异常能否预测临床穿刺取精结果。方法选择2011年1月至2013年10月在我院生殖中心就诊的878例男性无精子症患者作为研究组,同期在本院体检的40例正常男性作为对照组。采用免疫分析法检测外周血生殖激素水平,根据体格检查情况,对520例无精子症患者行睾丸/附睾穿刺取精,比较各组生殖激素水平及穿刺取得精子情况。结果研究组卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平较对照组显著增高(P0.01),泌乳素(PRL)和睾酮(T)水平两组间比较无显著性差异(P0.05);穿刺无精子组与穿刺有精子组及对照组比较,FSH、LH水平升高,有显著性差异(P0.01),T水平显著下降(P0.05),PRL水平无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论血清生殖激素FSH、LH升高与男性无精子症有关,FSH的升高程度可初步预测睾丸/附睾的穿刺结果,对临床上睾丸穿刺处理具有一定的指导意义。     

Quercetin and rutin ameliorates sulphasalazine‐induced spermiotoxicity,alterations in reproductive hormones and steroidogenic enzyme imbalance in rats

Certain dietary flavonoids exhibit protective potentials against drug‐induced male reproductive toxicities. We investigated the protective effects of quercetin and rutin on sulphasalazine‐induced alterations in steroidogenic enzyme activity, hormone profile and spermiotoxicity in rats. Sulphasalazine (SASP, 600 mg/kg bw) was administered alone or in combination with quercetin (20 mg/kg bw) or rutin (10 mg/kg bw) for 14 days. SASP treatment significantly increased relative weights of the epididymis and seminal vesicles. Also, testicular and epididymal sperm numbers (TSN, ESN), motility, daily sperm production (DSP) and acrosome reaction (AR) significantly decreased. SASP altered plasma testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels while testicular cholesterol levels, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β‐HSD) activities were decreased. Elevated malondialdehyde levels and concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione‐S‐transferase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were evident in testis and epididymis of SASP‐treated rats. Quercetin or rutin co‐treatment with SASP significantly reversed organ weights, preserved sperm integrity, restored plasma hormone levels and increased cholesterol levels, 3β‐HSD and 17β‐HSD activities in testis. Both flavonoids also prevented oxidative stress in testis and epididymis of SASP‐treated rats. Quercetin and rutin protect against the negative effects of SASP treatment on reproductive capacity in male rats.     

Reversal of the toxic effects of cyclosporine on male reproduction and kidney function of rats by simultaneous administration of hCG + FSH

We have shown earlier that the administration of cyclosporine impairs testicular function and causes a decrease in sperm counts, sperm motility and fertility. In order to determine whether or not the deleterious effects of CsA could be reversed by hormonal therapy, we injected sexually mature male Sprague Dawley rats with cremaphor + saline or CsA (40 mg./kg./d) alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; five micrograms./d/rat) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; five micrograms./d/rat). The injections were given subcutaneously for 14 days. As expected, CsA administration decreased the body and reproductive organ weights, testicular and epididymal sperm counts, sperm motility and fertilizing ability. Serum levels of LH were elevated and testosterone was decreased. The administration of FSH + hCG to the CsA treated rats restored the body and reproductive organ weights, sperm counts and motility. Seventy five percent of gonadotropin treated males were fertile as compared to 25% in the CsA treated group. In the hormone treated group, the blood levels of CsA were 50% of that of CsA treated group. In order to verify whether or not the decline in the blood levels of CsA was the cause for the amelioration of CsA-induced changes in the reproductive function, we compared the CsA + hormone treated group with another group treated with five mg./kg./d CsA which had blood levels of CsA comparable to the former group. In the five mg./kg./d group the reproductive functions were significantly lower than the CsA + hormone treated group suggesting, therefore, that the restoration of reproductive functions in the CsA + hormone treated group is a result of hormonal treatment. Administration of CsA (40 mg./kg./d) reduced the kidney weight and increased the levels of serum creatinine: these changes were also ameliorated by the administration of hCG + FSH.     

昆明山海棠抗生育活性提取物TH_5对雄性大鼠性行为与血清性激素水平影响的观察

为了开发避孕新药,本文报告昆明山海棠抗生育活性提取物ＴＨ５ 对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ 成年雄性大鼠抗生育试验的性行为观察与血清性激素水平。灌服ＴＨ５（１１６ ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ－ １ ×３０ ｄ） 的雄性大鼠与未交配过的成年雌性大鼠合笼后,其阴栓与阴道涂片精子检出率及服药雄鼠的血清Ｔ、ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ之ＲＩＡ 测定值,和对照大鼠组相比均无统计学差异（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５） ,表明ＴＨ５ 可能并不干扰受试雄鼠的性欲与血清性激素水平。     

Sperm protamine levels as indicators of fertilising potential in sexually mature male rats

We have earlier reported that administration of cyproterone acetate, fluphenazine decanoate, tamoxifen citrate, oestradiol valerate to adult male rats, at doses of 50, 5.77, 0.71, 0.28 micromol kg(-1) body weight given for periods of 15, 60, 60, 10 days, respectively, partially suppressed/reduced availability of one or more reproductive hormones viz. LH, FSH, testosterone and reduced their siring ability. The reduction in epididymal sperm counts was not considerable after treatment with these drugs, but conventional methods of assessment of spermatozoa quality viz. sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), nuclear chromatin decondensation (NCD) assay, monobromobimane (mBBr) uptake, had shown quantifiable changes in caput sperm chromatin compaction and reduced the testicular levels of protamine 1. The present follow-up study attempts to quantify changes in caudal sperm chromatin which has undergone compaction in the epididymis, in the altered hormonal microenvironment of rats treated with cyproterone acetate, tamoxifen citrate, fluphenazine decanoate, oestradiol valerate, at doses of 50, 5.77, 0.71, 0.28 micromol kg(-1) body weight respectively given for periods of 15, 60, 60, 10 days, with a view to correlating these changes to reduction in their fertilising potential. During the androgen-dependent transit of spermatozoa from caput to cauda epididymis, thiol group oxidation and tyrosine phosphorylation of protamine occurs in maturing sperms concomitant with development of fertilising ability. The results indicate that conventional methods viz. SCSA, NCD, mBBr uptake fail to detect changes induced by hormone deficits in sperm chromatin condensation, as a result of maturation during transit from caput to cauda epididymis. Absence of protamine 1 in epididymal sperm was observed in either testosterone or FSH deficient rats that correlated with reduced fertilising potential. The study suggests that changes in LH/T or FSH affect a hitherto unknown common molecular mechanism in the testis, underlying the protamination of rat spermatozoa. In conclusion, loss of P1 occurs in adult male rats deprived of T or FSH and is a reliable detectable change in epididymal sperm indicative of chromatin condensation defects associated with endocrine imbalance and poor fertility status.     

Risperidone induced reproductive toxicity in male rats targeting leydig cells and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis by inducing oxidative stress

Risperidone (RIS), a commonly used drug during a lifetime for the treatment of schizophrenia, causes some adverse effects in the male reproductive system; however, there is no comprehensive reproductive toxicity study of RIS. For this purpose, male rats were administered orally for 1.25, 2.5 and 3 mg/kg RIS for 28 days and the sperm count, motility, morphology, DNA damage and the histological changes in testicular tissue were evaluated. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and serum levels of testosterone, which are the main hormonal regulators of reproduction, and testicular glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as the indicators of oxidative stress were determined. Normal sperm morphology was decreased in RIS groups and histopathological degeneration occurred in testis tissue dose-dependently. Serum LH levels were not altered; however, FSH and testosterone levels decreased in the high-dose group. Histopathologic examination showed RIS toxicity targeted Leydig cells, which might be associated with impairment of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. GSH levels were decreased and MDA levels were increased in the high-dose group which was evaluated as indicators of oxidative stress. In conclusion, RIS caused reproductive toxicity in male rats by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting hormonal regulation.     

尾悬吊状态对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响

目的:探讨尾悬吊造成的模拟失重状态对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响及其机制,为研究太空环境对人类生殖功能的影响打基础。方法:性成熟期健康SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为4组,每组10只,分为实验1组(尾悬吊14 d)、实验2组(尾悬吊28 d)和对照1组(自由活动14 d)、对照2组(自由活动28 d),观察睾丸的重量和形态学改变、精子数量和质量改变、血液中激素含量的改变,并利用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测睾丸细胞的凋亡。结果:各悬吊组大鼠睾丸重量与相应对照组相比明显下降(P<0.05),附睾精子数量和活动率明显减少(P<0.05),精子畸形率和凋亡率明显增加(P<0.05),卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素轻度增高,而睾酮含量明显下降(P<0.05)。但上述变化在悬吊14 d组和28 d组之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。另外,悬吊组睾丸组织生精小管萎缩,生精上皮细胞层数逐渐减少,管腔内的精子数明显减少,悬吊28 d组比悬吊14 d组改变更明显。结论:模拟失重对性成熟期雄性大鼠生殖功能有较明显的损害,这种损伤可能与引起睾丸生精细胞凋亡有关。抑制睾丸生精细胞凋亡也许可以防护失重状态下的生殖损害。     

Joint action of phoxim and fenvalerate on reproduction in male rats

Aim: To evaluate the joint action of phoxim and fenvalerate on the reproductive function in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The 2×2 factorial analysis experiment was used in the study. The pesticides were orally given at daily doses of phoxim (Pho) 8.2 nig/kg, fenvalerate (Fen) 3.3 mg/kg and Pho 8.2 Fen 3,3 mg/kg (Pho:Fen = 5:2), 5 days a week for 60 days. Sperm motility was measured with computer-assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA) and daily sperm production estimated. Immunoenzymatic method and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the serum testosterone and the testicular morphology, respectively. Results: There were significant decreases in sperm motility parameters in the treated animals, including straight line velocity (VSL), beat cross frequency (BCF), linearity (LIN) and straightness (STR). After treated with Fen, significant decreases in VSL, LIN and STR were demonstrated. Significant decreases of daily sperm production were seen in animals treated with Pho and Pho Fen in comparison