儿童先天性白内障手术治疗临床观察

目的:探讨和评价不同手术方式治疗儿童先天性白内障,预防后囊膜混浊的临床疗效。方法:对采取不同手术方式的50例(96眼)先天性白内障术后后发性白内障的发生及视功能的恢复情况进行回顾性分析。其中采用白内障囊外摘除术的18例34眼(EC-CE组);白内障超声乳化吸出及行后囊膜连续环形撕囊术的12例23眼(PCCC组);白内障超声乳化吸出、后囊膜连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切割术的20例39眼(AV组)。≥2岁的患儿施行Ⅰ期人工晶状体植入。术后随访12～36mo,观察术后视力、并发症及眼部情况。结果:治疗后3组患儿视力均有提高,ECCE组、PCCC组与AV组后发性白内障的发生率分别为100%(34/34)、35%(8/23)和13%(5/39),3组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:后囊膜连续环形撕囊术联合前段玻璃体切割术较囊外摘除术及后囊膜连续环形撕囊术能更有效减少儿童先天性白内障术后后发性白内障的发生。     

儿童先天性白内障476例手术特点分析

目的 分析儿童先天性白内障手术方式、人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)植入情况和术后并发症情况,以期为儿童先天性白内障的治疗提供参考.方法 回顾分析2008年1月至2016年1月在我院行先天性白内障摘出的13岁以下儿童的临床资料.手术前后行裂隙灯显微镜、眼底、眼压、最佳矫正视力等常规检查.2岁及以下儿童行白内障超声乳化摘出+后囊连续环形撕囊(posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis,PCCC)+前段玻璃体切割(anterior vitrectomy,AV)术,2岁后行二期IOL植入术;＞2 ～4岁儿童行白内障超声乳化摘出+PCCC +AV+IOL植入术;＞4～7岁儿童行白内障超声乳化摘出+PCCC+ IOL植入术;＞7岁儿童行白内障超声乳化摘出+ IOL植入术.结果 共476例(740眼)纳入本研究,年龄(33.59±37.14)个月,其中0～6个月166例(282眼,38.11％).一期植入IOL 260眼,年龄(5.59±2.43)岁;二期植入IOL 480眼,年龄(4.06±2.12)岁.IOL植入术后残留屈光度(等效球镜度数):＞2～4岁为(3.53±0.56)D,＞4 ～6岁为(2.36±0.32)D,＞6 ～8岁为(1.65±0.52)D,＞8～13岁为(-0.25±0.32)D.术后并发症326眼,其中虹膜粘连115眼(35.28％),位于视轴上的后发性白内障97眼(29.75％),术后青光眼54眼(16.56％).末次随访时单眼白内障术后最佳矫正视力为(0.56±0.41) LogMAR,双眼白内障术后最佳矫正视力为(0.42±0.27) LogMAR,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.04).结论 儿童先天性白内障约三分之一在6个月内进行白内障超声乳化摘出术.双眼先天性白内障患儿视力预后优于单眼先天性白内障患儿.儿童先天性白内障患儿术后并发症较成人多,需谨慎处理.     

白内障术中后囊连续环形撕囊预防后囊混浊的临床观察

目的 探讨白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术中行后囊膜连续环形撕囊(PCCC)对预防术后后囊混浊(PCO)的作用。方法 对365例(426只眼)白内障行常规囊外摘除后行后囊膜连续环行撕囊再植入人工晶状体。结果 365例(426只眼)后囊膜连续环形撕囊均成功，人工晶状体植入囊袋中。术后随访2～3年后囊混浊未见发生。结论 在白内障囊外摘出后对后囊膜连续环形撕囊是可行的，它避免了后囊混浊产生的根本原因，对人工晶状体植入后视力无明显影响。     

人工晶体因素对后囊混浊的影响

后囊混浊（posterior capsule opacification，PCO）是白内障术后远期视力下降的主要原因。PCO的影响因素较多且复杂，如手术操作，截囊方式、位置、范围，对后囊膜的处理，人工晶体（intraocular lens，IOL）的材料、类型等。临床资料已证明，摘除白内障后植入IOL不仅可以矫正视力，与白内障囊外摘除术相比还可以使术后PCO发生率降低，可见IOL与PCO之间有一定的关系。众多学者的研究表明，人工晶体因素对PCO的发生有较大影响。     

后囊膜截开联合前段玻璃体切割术在先天性白内障手术中的应用

目的 :探讨后囊膜截开联合前段玻璃体切割术 (PCCC +AV )在先天性白内障手术中的应用效果。方法 :对先天性白内障患儿者 5 5例 ( 88眼 )进行回顾性研究。行晶状体吸除术 42眼 ,其中 3 8眼联合PCCC +AV术。行晶状体吸除联合人工晶体植入术 44眼 ,其中联合PCCC +AV术 15眼。随访半年到 3年 ,观察视轴混浊、前房纤维渗出、虹膜膜后粘连、人工晶体夹持、黄斑囊样水肿和视网膜脱离等发生情况 ,并进行统计学分析。结果 :术中行PCCC +AV的患儿视轴混浊发生率明显低于未行PCCC +AV的患儿 ,两者有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。而前房纤维渗出、虹膜膜后粘连、人工晶体夹持的发生率无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。各组均无一例发生黄斑囊样水肿和视网膜脱离。结论 :在先天性白内障手术中运用后囊膜截开联合前段玻璃体切割术 ,安全易掌握 ,可有效预防后发障 ,主要用于 0～ 5岁的患儿。     

高度近视眼白内障术中Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕除术

目的 探讨I期后囊膜连续环形撕除术(Posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis,PCCC)对高度近视眼白内障术后后发障的预防作用.方法 对203例(211只眼)高度近视眼白内障行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术,其中70只眼术中行连续环形撕除后囊(A组),植入普通聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)人工晶状体;非PCCC组138只眼进一步分为普通PMMA人工晶状体组(B组)73只眼,光学部边缘直角设计的折叠人工晶状体组(C组)68只眼.B组和C组单纯行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术,保留完整后囊膜.所有患眼术后随访2年以上,观察术后后发障、视网膜脱离等并发症情况. 结果 A组2只眼(2.86%)发生了后发障,B组为18只眼(24.66%),C组8只眼(11.76%),两两对比差异显著具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A组和C组无视网膜脱离发生,B组仅1只眼发生视网膜脱离. 结论 I期后囊膜连续环形撕除术安全有效,明显减少了高度近视眼白内障术后后发障的发生.     

先天性白内障囊外摘除联合后囊连续环形撕囊疗效分析

目的观察先天性白内障摘除术中行后囊连续环形撕囊(PCCC)防治后发性白内障的疗效及可能出现的并发症。方法采用小切口先天性白内障单纯囊外摘除或联合人工晶体植入术,对58例97眼先天性白内障患者进行后囊连续环形撕囊,使晶体后囊中央形成约3～5mm的囊膜缺损区,行前部玻璃切除术,以避免后发障的发生。结果Ⅰ期植入人工晶体50眼。能合作检查视力者中,术后1个月矫正视力≥0.6者18眼,0.5以下42眼;术后3个月矫正视力≥0.6者20眼,0.5以下46眼;术后6～12个月矫正视力≥0.6者21眼,0.5以下50眼。术后一个月第1次复查,无1眼发生后发障,3个月周边部后囊膜混浊40例,撕囊区清亮。6～12个月16眼发生新生膜,10眼少量玻璃体脱出于前房,玻璃体轻度混浊,瞳孔不圆18眼,人工晶体偏位10眼,无1眼发生视网膜脱离。结论后囊连续环形撕囊是一种经济、安全、高效的防止先天性白内障术后后发障的手术方式,适用于不能配合激光治疗的儿童,但存在一定的复发率。     

超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体囊袋外植入术的远期疗效观察

目的评价超声乳化白内障吸除联合折叠式人工晶状体(intraocularlens,IOL)囊袋外植入术后的远期疗效。方法30例患者30眼行超声乳化白内障吸除术,由于后囊膜破裂,于囊袋外植入折叠式IOL作为囊袋外组。其中有19例患者另1只眼行超声乳化白内障吸除术囊袋内植入折叠式IOL作为囊袋内组。观察分析两组患者的视力、屈光度、眼压、IOL表面色素沉积及晶状体后囊膜浑浊情况。用超声生物显微镜(ultrasoundbiomicroscopy,UBM)观察IOL的位置,角膜内皮显微镜查角膜内皮细胞数量。随访时间25m～38.0m。结果术后2年时,裸眼视力≥0.5者囊袋外组占66.7%(20/30),囊袋内组占94.73%(18/19),两组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。最佳矫正视力≥0.9者囊袋外组占83.3%(25/30),囊袋内组占84.21%(16/19),差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。屈光度囊袋外组为(-2.85±1.25)D,囊袋内组为(-1.05±0.65)D,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。IOL表面色素沉积的发生率囊袋外组为30.00%(9/30),囊袋内组为5.26%(1/19),差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。术后眼压变化及后囊膜浑浊情况,两组比较差异均无显著意义(P>0.05)。UBM示囊袋外组IOL位于角膜中央后(3.201±0.561)mm,囊袋内组为(3.741±0.616)mm,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。囊袋外组21眼双襻为睫状沟—睫状沟固定,16眼IOL光学部均与虹膜接触,另9眼一襻位于睫状沟,另一襻位于睫状体,其中有2眼IOL光学部与虹膜接触。囊袋内组双襻均位于囊袋内,IOL光学部不与虹膜接触。尽管IOL襻的位置不同,两组之间角膜内皮数量比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论囊袋外植入折叠式IOL长期结果显示,除由于前房较浅导致近视改变,以及IOL表面色素沉积较多外,与囊袋内植入相比较同样安全、有效。IOL光学部与虹膜之间的摩擦是IOL表面色素沉积较多的主要原因。临床上因后囊膜破裂,行折叠式IOL囊袋外植入时,选择植入襻与光学部之间夹角稍大类型的IOL且屈光度较前减少1.00D,可以减少此类并发症的发生。     

后囊膜混浊的先天性白内障术中的连续线形撕后囊术

目的研究后囊膜混浊的先天性白内障摘除术后的后囊膜处理方法。方法在３２只眼后囊膜混浊的先天性白内障中，摘除白内障及植入人工晶体后于后囊膜的旁中心作一穿刺孔，然后向后囊膜与玻璃体前界膜的间隙注入Ｈｅａｌｏｎ，再沿后囊膜穿刺孔边缘线形撕开一个直径约４ｍｍ的圆孔。结果全部术眼后囊膜中央有一透明裂孔，２只眼玻璃体溢出，术后未见人工晶体移位。结论连续线形撕后囊术可使后囊膜混浊的先天性白内障获得视轴透明区，并保持周边囊袋的完整性。     

不同材料人工晶体和手术方式对后囊膜混浊的影响

随着超声乳化技术的应用和显微手术技术的不断发展和完善 ,大大提高了白内障术后视力的恢复。但是 ,后囊膜混浊(posterior capusle opcification,PCO)的发生仍是影响术后视力的主要原因之一。临床资料和实验已证明囊袋内、外植入人工晶体 ,人工晶体直径大小可影响后囊膜混浊的发生率 〔1、2〕。但不同手术方式及植入人工晶体材料不同对后囊膜混浊的影响报道较少。为此 ,我们对 12 2例 (132眼 )在本院行白内障超声乳化摘除术 (phacoemulsification,PHACO)联合后房型人工晶体植入 (posterior chamber introcular lenes,PC- IOL )和 37例…     

Role of posterior capsulotomy with vitrectomy and intraocular lens design and material in reducing posterior capsule opacification after pediatric cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To study the effect of primary posterior capsulotomy with anterior vitrectomy (PPC + AV) and intraocular lens (IOL) design and material on the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after pediatric cataract surgery. SETTING: Tertiary care institution in India. PATIENTS: Sixty-four eyes of 52 children ranging in age from 3 months to 12 years who had cataract extraction with IOL implantation were prospectively evaluated for a minimum postoperative period of 2 years. METHODS: Thirty-two eyes received a hydrophobic acrylic lens with a truncated, square edge and 32, a single-piece poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) lens that was not heparin surface modified. Sixteen eyes in each IOL group had PPC + AV; in the remaining 16 eyes in each group, the posterior capsule was left intact. RESULTS: Postoperatively, 25 eyes in the intact capsule group and 5 in the PPC + AV group developed PCO; the difference between groups was significant (P<.05). Of eyes with an intact capsule, 12 with an acrylic IOL and 13 with a PMMA IOL developed PCO (P>.05). In the PPC + AV group, 2 eyes with an acrylic IOL and 3 with a PMMA IOL developed PCO (P>.05). Overall, 14 eyes with an acrylic lens and 16 eyes with a PMMA lens developed PCO (P>.05). After surgery, there was a significant short-term delay in the development of PCO in the acrylic group (14 eyes; mean 6.66 months +/- 1.57 [SD]) compared to the PMMA group (16 eyes; mean 3.16 +/- 0.83 months) (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is the management of the posterior capsule rather than IOL design and material that influences the incidence of PCO after cataract surgery in children. Development of PCO in the postoperative period was delayed with a hydrophobic acrylic IOL with square edges compared with a PMMA lens without square edges.     

Functional outcomes of acrylic intraocular lenses in pediatric cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the functional outcomes of in-the-bag implantation of acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC), without PCCC, with PCCC and anterior vitrectomy, and with PCCC and optic capture in pediatric cataract surgery. SETTING: Pediatric Ophthalmology Service, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, New Delhi, India. METHODS: Forty-two eyes of 25 children were included in this prospective study. All eyes had in-the-bag implantation of an AcrySof IOL (Alcon). Twenty-five eyes had had an anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (ACCC) (Group A). Seventeen eyes had PCCC along with ACCC (Group B), 4 had anterior vitrectomy combined with PCCC (Group C), and 6 had PCCC with IOL optic capture through the PCCC (Group D). Secondary opacification of the visual axis, visual acuity, and possible complications were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 78 months (range 36 to 144 months). The mean follow-up was 13 months (range 6 to 18 months). Four eyes (16%) in Group A developed visually significant posterior capsule opacification (PCO) involving the central visual axis and required secondary capsulotomy. All eyes in Groups B, C, and D had a clear visual axis at the last follow-up and did not require a secondary procedure. Minimal postoperative inflammation (ie, aqueous flare and IOL deposits ) was seen in all groups. The mean preoperative decimal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Groups A, B, C, and D was 0.095, 0.055, 0.174, and 0.039, respectively. Postoperatively, the BCVA was 0.54, 0.66, 0.66, and 0.66, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An optimal-sized ACCC followed by in-the-bag implantation of a foldable acrylic IOL helped maintain a clear visual axis by delaying the onset of PCO and leading to milder PCO. The benefits of a foldable acrylic IOL in pediatric cataract surgery can be increased by combining it with PCCC, with or without anterior vitrectomy, or with optic capture of the IOL.     

Effect of primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis on clinical performance of ACR6D SE single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) on the clinical performance of a single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) with haptic angulation. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. METHODS: A prospective study of 52 patients with bilateral age-related cataract was conducted. Patients had standard cataract surgery with implantation of the same IOL in both eyes. Randomly, a PCCC was created in 1 eye and the posterior capsule was left intact in the fellow eye. Assessed parameters were visual axis opacification (VAO) in eyes with a PCCC or regeneratory posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in eyes without PCCC (scale 0 to 10) in the central (3.0 mm eccentricity), intermediate (3.0 to 4.5 mm eccentricity), and peripheral (>4.5 mm eccentricity [capsulorhexis edge]) areas; neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy or laser polishing of ongrowing lens epithelium; anterior capsule opacification (ACO); best corrected visual acuity (BCVA); and contrast sensitivity. RESULTS: Thirty patients completed the 2(1/2)-year follow-up. Visual axis opacification was significantly lower in the central region in the PCCC group (mean 0.5 +/- 0.7 [SD]) than PCO in the central region of the non-PCCC group (mean 1.1 +/- 1.1) (P = .02). Forty percent in the non-PCCC group had an Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy during the follow-up period; none in the PCCC group had laser polishing. There were no significant differences in ACO, SE, BCVA, or contrast sensitivity. There was no additional gain in BCVA or contrast sensitivity in eyes with a PCCC compared with eyes without a PCCC when VAO and PCO were low. CONCLUSION: A PCCC significantly reduced PCO formation within the central 3.0 mm eccentricity as well as the need for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in eyes with a single-piece hydrophilic acrylic IOL with angulated haptics.     

Secondary membrane formation after cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens implantation in children

To evaluate the risk factors for secondary membrane (SM) formation after congenital cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. A retrospective non-interventional comparative study. Thirty-nine patients (63 eyes) aged 1–135 months. The study included patients who underwent cataract extraction and primary IOL implantation between 1994 and 2001 at the University Hospital. The postoperative follow-up was 6–24 months. Thirty-three eyes received a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) IOL without square edges, 29 eyes received a hydrophobic acrylic IOL with truncated square edges (AcrySof), and there was no data for IOL type in one eye. Thirty-nine eyes had primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC) and anterior vitrectomy (AV) and in 24 eyes the posterior capsule was left intact. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to identify significant risk factors for SM formation, and Wilcoxon test to evaluate the difference in time from surgery to SM formation. SM developed in 24 eyes (38 %)—58 % of eyes with an intact posterior capsule and 26 % of eyes having PPC and AV, 42 % of eyes with a PMMA IOL, and 34 % of eyes with an AcrySof lens. In multivariate Cox regression analysis intraoperative PPC and AV (P = 0.02) and AcrySof lens implantation (P = 0.097) were associated with decreased postoperative incidence of SM formation. Median time until SM development was 2.9 months with PMMA IOLs (range 1–17 months) and 6 months with AcrySof lenses (range 1–21.8 months) (P = 0.037). Posterior capsule management as well as IOL design and material influence the incidence and the timing of SM formation after primary IOL implantation in children.     

Pediatric cataract surgery in Nepal

PURPOSE: To describe the first pediatric cataract surgery case series report from Nepal. SETTING: Tilganga Eye Center, Kathmandu, Nepal. METHODS: This study comprised a consecutive series of 112 eyes of 85 children having cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. General anesthesia of ketamine combined with peribulbar block was used in all patients. Patients' demographics, cataract type and presenting symptoms, surgical intervention, preoperative and postoperative visual acuities, and follow-up clinical examinations were recorded. RESULTS: Seventy-three eyes (65.2%) of 53 patients had extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and posterior chamber IOL implantation (ECCE+PCAP+AV+PCIOL), and 39 eyes (34.8%) of 32 patients had cataract extraction and IOL implantation with an intact posterior capsule (ECCE+PCIOL). Of all patients, the mean age at surgery was 6.2 years +/- 4.3 (SD). The median age in the ECCE+PCAP+AV+PCIOL group was 4.7 years and in the ECCE+PCIOL group, 11.0 years. The mean follow-up was 5.4 +/- 5.3 months. The most common postoperative complication in the ECCE+PCIOL group was visual axis/posterior capsule opacification, which was seen in 18 eyes (46.2%) compared to 4 eyes (5.5%) in the ECCE+PCAP+AV+PCIOL group. Visual acuity improved with surgery in both groups. The leading cause of poor outcomes was deprivation amblyopia. There were no anesthesia-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of an IOL at the time of cataract extraction under combined systemic ketamine and peribulbar lidocaine anesthesia appeared to be well tolerated and produced significant visual improvement in pediatric patients in Nepal. Primary posterior capsulotomy and AV helped prevent visual axis opacification without a significant increase in complications.     

Performance of the Acri. Smart 46S intraocular lens in pediatric microincision cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of the microincision Acri.Smart 46S intraocular lens (IOL) (Acri.Tec) in pediatric cataract surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive eyes of 22 children who had cataract surgery with planned IOL implantation were retrospectively analyzed. Intraoperative and postoperative IOL performance, posterior capsule opacification (PCO) formation, best corrected far and near visual acuities, and astigmatism were analyzed. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. RESULTS: The median patient age was 4.5 years (range 2 to 13 years) and the median follow-up, 21 months (range 12 to 29 months). In 94% of eyes, the IOL was implanted in the capsular bag; in 6%, it was placed in the ciliary sulcus. A primary posterior capsule opening was created in 12.5% of eyes. The posterior capsule was intact at the end of surgery in 81% of eyes. Capsule rupture occurred during lens aspiration in 3% of eyes, and a primary capsular defect was present in a patient with traumatic cataract. Posterior capsule opacification that required a second intervention during the follow-up period developed in 35% of eyes. All IOLs were well centered and had a clear optical axis at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The Acri.Smart (46S) IOL was found to be suitable for pediatric bimanual microincision cataract surgery. The feasibility of inserting the IOL through of the sub-2.0 mm paracentesis minimizes manipulation of the juvenile eye.     

When may the posterior capsule be preserved in pediatric intraocular lens surgery?

PURPOSE: To refine indications for primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC) in conjunction with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation for cataract in childhood. DESIGN: Noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Patients 1 to 13 years old who underwent cataract extraction with intent to preserve the posterior lens capsule and PCIOL implantation between January 1992 and December 1998 at a pediatric hospital. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed to determine the frequency and timing of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after PCIOL surgery with preservation of an intact posterior capsule. Comparison of pseudophakic PCO rates for groups defined by age and several possible risk factors. Assessment of safety and efficacy for PPC with anterior vitrectomy performed through a limbal incision in cases where the posterior capsule could not be preserved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Need for neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser capsulotomy or surgical membranectomy to treat PCO. RESULTS: PCO occurred in 40% of 30 eyes with intact posterior capsule. Mean follow-up duration was 22 months for eyes that had PCO develop and 24 months for those in which the posterior capsule remained clear. Laser capsulotomy was required for 64% of 14 eyes in the 1- to 6-year-old age range but for only 19% of 16 in the 6- to 13-year-old range (P < 0.05). Mean time from surgery to PCO was 7 months for the younger group and 13 months for the older group. A need for repeated capsulotomy (one eye) or membranectomy with anterior vitrectomy (two eyes) was found only in the younger age group. There was no association of PCO with trauma history, cataract type, residual lens cortex, IOL position, or postoperative fibrin clot. Final vision was possibly compromised as a result of PCO in one eye with amblyopia. None of 24 eyes in which PPC with anterior vitrectomy was performed out of intraoperative necessity before primary PCIOL implantation had secondary opacification develop. No reduction in postoperative vision was attributable to PPC. CONCLUSIONS: PPC seems to be advisable for children less than 6 years old when cataract extraction with PCIOL implantation is performed. Preservation of the posterior capsule remains appropriate for older children with pseudophakia.     

Visual axis opacification after AcrySof intraocular lens implantation in children

PURPOSE: To evaluate visual axis opacification after AcrySof intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon) implantation in pediatric eyes. SETTING: Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated 103 consecutive eyes of 72 children with congenital cataract. Two groups were formed based on age at surgery: Group 1, younger than 2 years, and Group 2, older than 2 years. All eyes in Group 1 (n = 37) had primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) with anterior vitrectomy. In Group 2 (n = 66), management of the posterior capsule was assigned randomly to no PCCC (Group 2A, n = 37) or PCCC (Group 2B, n = 29). The PCCC group was further randomized into 2 subgroups: no vitrectomy (Group 2BN, n = 14) or vitrectomy (Group 2BV, n = 15). The primary outcome measures were visual axis opacification and the resulting need for a secondary procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows (version 11.0.1). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 5.2 years +/- 5.0 (SD) (range 0.2 to 16.0 years) and the mean follow-up, 2.3 +/- 0.9 years (range 1.0 to 4.0 years). Overall, 41 eyes (39.8%) developed visual axis opacification and 14 (13.6%) required secondary intervention. In Group 1, 4 eyes (10.8%) developed visual axis opacification and 3 (8.1%) had a secondary pars plana vitrectomy. In Group 2A, 31 eyes (83.8%) developed posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and 10 eyes (27.7%) had secondary intervention. Children 8 years or younger at the time of surgery developed significantly greater PCO than older children (P =.01). Five eyes (37.5%) in Group 2BN had opacification of the anterior vitreous face, 1 of which required a secondary procedure. One eye (6.7%) in Group 2BV had visual axis opacification that did not require a secondary procedure. CONCLUSIONS: AcrySof IOL implantation with appropriate management of the posterior capsule maintained a clear visual axis in 60.2% of eyes. Of the 39.8% of eyes with visual axis opacification, 13.6% had visually significant opacification and required a secondary procedure.