六味能消胶囊治疗老年功能性便秘30例

老年功能性便秘是以排便频率减少,粪便干结、排便困难为主要表现的一种常见疾病。我们采用六味能消胶囊治疗老年功能性便秘30例,取得较好疗效,现报告于下。 临床资料:(1)门诊断标准:排便次数每周少于2次;粪便干结、排便费力,或大便不     

六味能消胶囊对青年肥胖患者合并功能性便秘的临床观察

目的:观察六味能消胶囊对青年肥胖患者合并功能性便秘的临床疗效及安全性。方法:将82例青年肥胖合并功能性便秘患者随机分为2组:治疗组42例,给予六味能消胶囊2粒口服,tid;对照组40例,给予复方谷氨酰胺肠溶胶囊2粒口服,tid。疗程均为4周。全部病例均在饮食结构、排便习惯、心理状态、生活方式等方面给予正确指导,治疗前、后测定相关指标。结果:(1)治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为76.19%和27.50%,2组临床疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)治疗组能明显降低血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯和升高高密度脂蛋白,与对照组比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。(3)治疗组在缓解便秘伴随的腹痛和腹胀方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(4)2组治疗前后在血常规、电解质和肝肾功能方面比较则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:六味能消胶囊对青年肥胖患者合并功能性便秘具有润肠通便功能和调节血脂作用,同时还有较好的安全性和耐受性。     

六味能消胶囊治疗老年人功能性便秘的效果观察

功能性便秘（FC）症状各异，肠运动功能障碍为其重要原因，目前仍缺乏令人满意的治疗方案。六味能消胶囊能明显加快胃排空及推进肠蠕动，常用于功能性消化不良、便秘等症。本文旨在观察六味能消胶囊治疗老年人慢性功能性便秘的疗效及安全性。     

美常安联合六味安消治疗功能性便秘的临床研究

目的探讨微生态制剂美常安与六味安消联合治疗功能性便秘的临床疗效及安全性。方法采用随机对照研究,将65例功能性便秘患者分为2组:A组为治疗组,共33例。予六味安消3粒/次,3次/d,美常安500mg/次,3次/d,口服;B组为对照组,32例。予六味安消3粒/次,3次/d,口服。疗程4周。观察治疗前后排便次数、大便性状、排便困难症状评分的变化。结果治疗组中上述指标较对照组改善显著。结论美常安联合六味安消治疗能明显增加便秘患者排便次数并改善大便性状,缓解排便困难症状,安全性好。     

六味能消胶囊辅助治疗青少年功能性便秘50例

目的探讨六味能消胶囊结合排便训练治疗青少年功能性便秘的疗效。方法中重度青少年功能性便秘患者150例，随机分为A、B、C组各50例。A组口服六味能消胶0.9 g，tid，同时结合排便训练；B组单用六味能消胶囊，0.9 g，tid，饭后服；C组排便训练，配合饮食调节。疗程均为2周，疗程结束后随访3个月。观察便秘缓解总有效率和便秘复发率。结果疗程结束后A组总有效率92.00%，随访3个月复发率23.91%；B组总有效率86.00%，随访3个月复发率60.46%；C组总有效率24.00%，随访3个月复发率25.00%。A组总有效率明显高于C组，复发率明显低于B组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论六味能消胶囊解除青少年功能性便秘疗效肯定，排便训练对预防便秘复发有重要意义。     

六味安消胶囊联合莫沙必利治疗老年功能性便秘的疗效分析

目的:观察六味安消胶囊与莫沙必利联合治疗老年功能性便秘的临床疗效。方法:将138例老年病人随机分为3组,A组为治疗组,给予六味安消胶囊与莫沙必利联合治疗;对照组分为B、C两组,B组单用莫沙必利,C组单用六味安消胶囊,疗程均为4周,观察疗效。结果:治疗后,3组总有效率分别为97.9%,60.9%,82.0%,A组与B组及C组相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组与C组相比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:六味安消胶囊联合莫沙必利治疗老年慢性功能性便秘可提高疗效,减少复发率     

六味能消胶囊治疗功能性消化不良的临床观察

目的：分析六味能消胶囊治疗功能性消化不良的临床效果。方法抽选本院收治的84例功能性消化不良患者,均分为观察组与对照组,分别采用六味能消胶囊以及多潘立酮治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果比较两组患者的治疗效果以及症状改善情况, P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论给予功能性消化不良患者采用六味能消胶囊治疗,可显著改善患者的功能性消化不良疾病,提高患者生命质量,效果显著,值得应用推广。     

六味安消胶囊与乳果糖口服液治疗老年功能性便秘的效果观察

目的对比六味安消胶囊与乳果糖口服液治疗老年功能性便秘的效果。方法选择本院老年功能性便秘患者46例,随机分为两组,其中六味安消胶囊组给予口服六味安消胶囊治疗,4粒／次,3次／d;乳果糖组给予乳果糖口服液治疗,10ml／次,3次／d。疗程为4周。结果六味安消胶囊组总有效率为91．3％,乳果糖组总有效率为86．9％,两组总有效率差异无统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组均未出现明显不良反应。结论六味安消胶囊与乳果糖口服液治疗老年患者功能性便秘疗效明显且安全,均值得推荐。     

六昧能消胶囊与莫沙比利治疗功能性消化不良的比较研究

目的比较六味能消胶囊与莫沙比利治疗功能性消化不良的疗效。方法选择诊断明确的功能性消化不良门诊患者112例,分成六味能消胶囊组与莫沙比利治疗组,莫沙比利5mg,3次／日,六味能消胶囊2粒,3次／日,均餐前口服。两组均每周复诊1次,连续4周,记录每周复诊症状进行疗效分析。莫沙比利治疗组和六味能消治疗组均分别在治疗前后作胃排空测定,比较二者胃动力作用。结果六味能消胶囊组与莫沙比利组治疗功能性消化不良的有效率分别为74％和72％,总有效率比较提示,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组的胃动力检测结果提示：两组治疗后均比治疗前胃动力有明显的改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,两组治疗后胃动力比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论本研究显示六味能消胶囊与莫沙比利有相同的胃动力促进作用和治疗效果。     

六味安消胶囊联合枯草二联杆菌胶囊治疗便秘型肠易激综合征的疗效研究

目的 评估六味安消胶囊联合微生态制剂枯草二联杆菌胶囊治疗便秘型肠易激综合征(IBS)的效果和安全性.方法 采用完全随机方法将100例便秘型IBS患者分为治疗组和对照组,各50例.治疗组给予六味安消胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d;枯草二联杆菌胶囊500 mg/次,3次/d.对照组给予莫沙必利,5mg次,3次/d,餐前15～30 min服用.试验期为6周:1周基线期,4周治疗期,1周随访期,对患者全部IBS症状进行总体评估,对患者每个IBS参数的改善程度以及安全性进行评估.结果 治疗后治疗组和对照组患者的大便性状评分均比治疗前明显改善[(4.34±1.00)分比(1.56±0.61)分,(3.28±0.67)分比(1.64±0.63)分,均P＜0.05].2组治疗前后大便评分增加值比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组和对照组症状总积分治疗前后自身比较差异有统计学意义[(6.72±1.43)分比( 13.30±1.34)分,(9.10±1.94)分比(13.28±1.43)分,均P＜0.05],且治疗组症状改善较对照组更明显(P＜0.05).治疗组和对照组生活质量评价总评分治疗前后自身比较差异有统计学意义[(7.72±1.43)分比(19.30±1.34)分,(15.10±1.94)分比(19.28±1.43)分,均P＜0.05],且治疗组对生活质量改善更明显(P＜0.05).安全性分析结果显示,2组间不良事件、不良反应等指标的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 六味安消胶囊联合枯草二联杆菌胶囊能有效改善便秘型IBS患者的症状,效果稳定,并且具有良好的安全性和耐受性.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.