大连市2004年从业人员乙肝病毒感染现况调查

我国是乙肝病毒感染的高发流行区,根据1992～1995年全国乙型肝炎的血清流行病学调查,按一般人群中乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）携带率约10%推算,全国约有1.2亿人携带乙肝病毒.HBsAg、HBeAg阳性者作为乙肝传染源,具有很强的传染性,对乙肝易感者的健康安全和行业安全构成严重威胁,为了解2004年大连市从业人员HBsAg、HBeAg感染状况,保护未感染的人群,降低其发病率,为其防控提供依据,将大连市从业人员健康体检的结果进行分析.     

西安地区10年间餐饮从业人员HBsAg检测结果动态分析

目的 了解西安地区餐饮从业人员HBsAg检测情况，为规范化体检提供依据。方法 采用HBsAg筛选试验检测所有体检人员。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（EusA）检测血清中HBsAg，结果 参照GB17010-1997进行评定。结果 1994～2003年共体检342630人份，检出HBsAg阳性12982人份，HBsAg总阳性率为3．79％。10年间阳性率波动在2．94％-4．28％之间，经χ^2检验10年间不同月份、季节间差异均有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论 此类体检人群HBsAg阳性检出率在逐年提高，应加强此类体检人群的管理，控制乙型肝炎的爆发和流行。     

巴东县2007年城区中小学生乙肝病毒感染分析

乙型肝炎是由乙肝病毒（HBV）引起的、以肝脏炎性病变为主并可引起多器官损害的一种传染病。该病广泛流行于世界各国,主要危害儿童及青壮年,少数患者可转化为肝硬化或肝癌。因此,它已成为严重威胁人类健康的世界性疾病,也是我国当前流行最为广泛、危害性最严重的一种传染性疾病。为进一步加强对HBV感染的预防和控制,2007年湖北省巴东县疾病预防控制中心对城区4584名中小学生进行了HBsAg、HBsAb的筛查,对HBsAg阳性者作两对半检测,HBsAb阴性者进行乙肝疫苗预防接种。     

餐饮服务行业从业人员乙肝感染情况分析

为了解湖北省省直餐饮服务行业从业人员HBsAg、HBeAg阳性率状况及分布特点,并评估餐饮服务行业从业人群的乙肝病毒感染情况,现将2004年湖北省疾病预防控制中心对省直餐饮行业从业人员健康体检资料进行分析、评估,结果报告如下。     

2004年宁海县饮食服务行业从业人员HBV检测结果分析

乙型病毒性肝炎是我国当前流行最广泛、危害最严重的一种传染病,与肝硬化、原发性肝癌密切相关。为了解宁海县饮食和公共场所从业人员乙肝病毒（HBV）感染状况,控制传染源,保护人民身体健康,我们对2004年度宁海县饮食和公共场所从业人员HBsAg携带情况,及HBsAg阳性HBV标志物的血清学感染模式进行分析。     

咸安区2008年中小学生乙肝病毒标志物检测结果分析

乙型肝炎是目前危害人们健康最为严重的传染病之一,也是我国当前流行最广泛、危害性最大的一种传染病疾病。应用乙肝疫苗现被公认为是预防并控制乙肝的最佳方法^[1]。为进一步加强对HBV感染的预防和控制,2008年咸安区疾病预防控制中心对全区范围内的26822名中小学生进行了乙肝两对半标志物的检测,现将结果报告如下。     

2006年连城县从业人员HBsAg检测结果分析

乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)带毒(阳性)者,在未治愈前,对人体肝的健康有一定损害。为了解我县公共场所及食品生产经营从业人员的HBsAg阳性检出情     

莱城区食品从业人员HBsAg检测结果分析

为了解莱城区 1996 -2 0 0 0年饮食服务行业人员乙肝病毒(ＨＢＶ )感染情况和流行趋势 ,我们对 5 16 91例健康从业者进行了血清ＨＢｓＡｇ检测 ,现将检测结果整理如下。1　对象与方法1 1　调查对象　为辖区食品行业年龄 18～ 6 0岁从业人员。1 2　方法　抽取静脉血 3ｍｌ,分离血清检测。采用反向间接血凝法测定ＨＢｓＡｇ。检测试剂为卫生部上海生物制品研究所提供 ,均在有效期内使用 ,按说明书操作。每次试验均做阴性对照、阳性对照和空白对照。同时做中和试验 ,确认是否伴有ＨＢｓＡｇ假阳性的出现。2　结果1996 -2 0 0 0年食品从业人员Ｈ…     

武汉市饮食服务从业人员携带沙门氏菌检测分析

沙门氏菌属广泛分布于自然界,通常寄居在人或动物肠道内。该菌属中有的除引起肠道感染．导致腹泻外,还能引起其它脏器或全身性感染,例如肠热症、败血症等。     

Factors influencing restaurant worker perception of floor slipperiness

Falls are responsible for a substantial injury burden in the global workplace. Restaurant environments are particularly challenged by slips, trips, and falls. This study explored those factors that could influence workers' self-reports of slipperiness in U.S. fast-food restaurants. One hundred and twenty-six workers employed in 10 fast-food restaurants in the northeastern United States participated in the study representing a study-wide response rate of 87.5%. Participants' ratings of floor slipperiness and occupational slip history within the past 4 weeks were collected through written questionnaire. Additional factors collected by questionnaire included age, gender, shift length, and shoe type. Shoe condition (wear) and shoe contamination were visually assessed by the investigators. Floor friction was also measured. Lower restaurant mean coefficient of friction and the presence of contamination on workers' shoe soles were environmental factors significantly associated with workers reporting more slippery conditions. A recent workplace history of slipping with or without a subsequent fall was also significantly associated with workers reporting more slippery conditions. Workers over the age of 45 reported conditions to be significantly less slippery than younger workers. The results suggest that worker ratings of slipperiness are influenced not only by the actual level of friction but also by the other individual and environmental factors noted above. Recommendations for future studies would include a longitudinal design to better capture the temporal sequence between these variables. More field research is needed to better understand the association between workplace conditions, worker perception of slipperiness, and slipping at work.     

Ocular vaccinia infection in laboratory worker, Philadelphia, 2004

We report a case of ocular vaccinia infection in an unvaccinated laboratory worker. The patient was infected by a unique strain used in an experiment performed partly outside a biosafety cabinet. Vaccination should continue to be recommended, but laboratories with unvaccinated workers should also implement more stringent biosafety practices.     

Determination of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in restaurant and tavern workers in one US city

Approximately 173 subjects employed as waiters, waitresses, or bartenders in the Knoxville, TN, Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area collected a sample of air from their breathing zone while at their workplace for one shift. In addition, area samples were placed near the work spaces of many of the subjects. Collected samples were analyzed for respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), ultraviolet-absorbing and fluorescing particulate matter, solanesol, 3-ethenyl pyridine (3-EP), and nicotine. Saliva samples were collected from the subjects prior to and within 24 h following their work shift, to confirm their non-smoking status. The range of concentrations of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constituents encountered was considerable, e.g., for nicotine, from undetectable to more than 100 microg/m3. However, the highest RSP levels observed were considerably lower than OSHA workplace standards. Distributions of ETS concentrations suggest that there are two "ETS exposure" types of bartenders: those that work in single room bars and those that work in larger, multiroom restaurant/bars. Personal exposure to ETS of the former group was ca. 10x greater than those of the latter group, who were exposed to ETS levels more comparable to those encountered by wait staff. Exposure (concentration x duration) differences between wait staff and workers in other types of unrestricted smoking environments reported in other studies suggest that exposures in the restaurant environment may be more difficult to assess than originally considered. Salivary cotinine levels indicated that for those subjects living in smoking homes, ETS exposures outside the workplace are at least as important as those in the workplace.     

Hepatitis A in a food worker and subsequent prophylaxis of restaurant patrons

A laboratory-confirmed case of hepatitis A was reported to Tri-County Health Department (TCHD) in Colorado, and the infected person was subsequently determined to have been a food worker at a local restaurant during the period of infectiousness. After conducting a public health risk assessment, TCHD decided to offer immune globulin (IG) to potentially exposed restaurant patrons. A two-day clinic in Adams County, Colorado, administered IG to 693 individuals. Planning, implementation, and evaluation of this clinic used a total of 900 staff hours and had a financial cost of dollar48,300. No additional restaurant employees became ill, and no secondary cases of hepatitis A were reported within the community. The mass-prophylaxis clinic was an important public health measure taken to prevent the potential spread of illness. The experience also provided relevant hands-on emergency-preparedness training that can be applied in other settings.     

佛山市2004年HIV哨点监测结果分析

目的了解佛山市2004年吸毒人群HIV感染状况及危险因素行为特征,为预防控制工作提供依据。方法2004年5~8月对佛山市两个吸毒人员监测哨点在规定时间内的吸毒人群进行行为学调查,并采集血样进行HIV、梅毒抗体检测。结果共调查815名吸毒者,吸毒者以20~39岁男性为主,吸毒方式以静脉注射吸毒为主,占62.70%;两个哨点HIV抗体阳性率为5.52%(45/815),梅毒抗体阳性率为8.10%(66/815)。结论佛山市吸毒人群中不仅存在因静脉吸毒经血传播HIV的危险,还存在因性接触传播的危险因素。应及时开展宣传教育及行为干预工作。     

常德市2011年碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的:了解2010年我国彻底消除碘缺乏病的目标在常德市的落实情况。方法:按照"湖南省2011年度碘缺乏病监测实施方案",采用概率抽样法监测学生、孕妇、哺乳妇女尿碘、盐碘、人均日盐摄入量及8岁～10岁儿童甲肿率。结果:病情监测县8岁～10岁儿童甲肿率4.17%,学生尿碘中位数342.0μg/L,合格率100%,学生盐碘中位数29.3 mg/kg,合格率97.5%,学生食盐摄入量平均11.76 g/d,孕妇尿碘中位数269.2μg/L,合格率86.7%,哺乳妇女尿碘中位数212.6μg/L,合格率84.4%;非病情监测县学生尿碘中位数338.6μg/L,合格率94.7%。结论:常德市已达到消除碘缺乏病阶段目标,居民碘营养状况良好,部分人群存在碘营养水平偏高的风险,建议加强尿碘监测,对不同碘营养状况的人群补碘实施分类指导。     

Economic valuation of health risk exposure of restaurant users in Dhaka city

The aim of the study presented in this paper is to estimate the economic cost of health risk exposure of the restaurant users in Dhaka city. In a large-scale survey, 400 restaurant users in Dhaka city belonging to lower-middle to high income group were asked for their preferences for a hypothetical ‘Food Safety Inspection Programme’ using closed ended dichotomous choice contingent valuation questions. The study reveals an average estimated willingness to pay of Tk31 (US$ 0.5) which is 13% of the average restaurant bill per visit per person. Aggregating the overall willingness to pay estimate across the whole population, a reduction in restaurant food-related health risk results in a total economic benefit of Tk2,250 million (US$33million) per year. The study, furthermore, reveals that the respondent' willingness to pay for the Inspection Programme varies with the degree of health risk exposure, respondent' income level, frequency of restaurant visits, the disutility from health risks and the levels of self-protection. Two different health risk indicators, subjective (respondent perceived probability of becoming ill after eating in a restaurant) and objective (experience of negative health incidences from low quality restaurant food), have been used to test the consistency of influence of health risk exposure on stated willingness to pay. Better model fit has been observed with the objective health risk exposure. The results from the statistical models indicate that the offered bid amounts (additional amount of money that the restaurant users need to pay in order to finance the Inspection Programme) affects willingness to pay negatively. We find income, frequency of restaurant visits and health consciousness influencing willingness to pay for the Inspection Programme positively. Finally, our results confirm the hypothesis that willingness to pay for health risk reduction varies positively with the levels of risk exposure independent of the type of indicators (subjective or objective) we use to measure health risk.     

2002～2004年惠州市外来青工麻疹抗体水平监测分析

目的了解惠州市外来青工麻疹抗体水平,为制定外来人口麻疹免疫策略提供依据。方法2002~2004年在惠州市的工厂、企业随机选择18~40岁健康外来青工进行麻疹IgG抗体水平监测,检测方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。结果共检测外来青工443人,麻疹抗体阳性率为97.5%,保护率为84.2%,几何平均滴度(GMT)为1∶1 409。2003年外来青工麻疹抗体阳性率、保护率、GMT最高,其次是2004年,2002年最低,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。不同性别外来青工抗体阳性率、保护率和GMT比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论随着惠州市外来人口增长,外来青工易感人群增多,存在麻疹暴发危险。建议加强对工厂、企业外来人员的麻疹免疫接种管理。     

卫辉市1965～2004年麻疹流行病学分析

目的了解卫辉市麻疹流行病学特征,探讨进一步控制麻疹的策略。方法对卫辉市1965~2004年麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果1965~1985年麻疹发病呈高发状态,共报告麻疹14 402例,年平均发病率为200.07/10万,每年10月至次年2月的病例数占总病例数的71.55%,具有明显的周期性,每隔2~3年出现1个发病高峰,整个流行呈阶梯形下降态势;1986~2004年发病呈低发状态,共报告麻疹180例,其发病率波动在0.41/10万~7.26/10万;流行模式为散发与暴发并存,以暴发为主,暴发病例占总报告病例数的74.44%;3~6月为麻疹高发季节,占病例总数的75.56%;≤7岁的麻疹病例由1990年以前的91.01%下降到1991年后的36.42%;对1986~2004年麻疹病例的免疫史分析表明,29.45%未接种麻疹疫苗(MV),22.78%免疫史不详。结论实施计划免疫对控制麻疹疫情效果显著,为控制麻疹疫情应继续加强MV的常规免疫,适时开展MV强化免疫;加强麻疹监测与报告,及时处理疫点,防止麻疹暴发。