p27蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原在上颌窦鳞癌中的表达

目的:探讨p27蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)在上颌窦鳞癌中的表达及其与上颌窦鳞癌发生发展的关系。方法:应用免疫组化SABC法检测35例上颌窦鳞癌和15例鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的p27蛋白和PCNA表达。结果:p27蛋白及 PCNA染色阳性细胞均为细胞核着色。其中上颌窦鳞癌的p27蛋白阳性率为25．71％,鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的阳性率为73．3％。二者差异有高度显著性(P<0．01)。但鳞癌各组间经统计学检验差异无     

上颌窦鳞癌两种癌基因及增殖细胞核抗原的表达及意义

目的检测上颌窦鳞癌、上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤及上颌窦炎性粘膜中ｒａｓ、ｐ５３及增殖细胞核抗原（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｎｇｃｅｌｎｕｃｌｅａｒａｎｔｉｇｅｎ，ＰＣＮＡ）的表达情况，并分析其表达与上颌窦鳞癌临床病理特性和预后的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测４０例上颌窦鳞癌、２０例上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤、１０例上颌窦炎性粘膜中ｒａｓ、ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ的表达情况。结果ｒａｓ基因表达与上颌窦鳞癌分化程度有关，其表达多见于高分化鳞癌中；ｐ５３基因表达只出现在上颌窦鳞癌中，在上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤及炎性粘膜中无ｐ５３基因的表达；高ＰＣＮＡ指数上颌窦鳞癌较低ＰＣＮＡ指数者预后为差。结论ｐ５３基因表达可能作为上颌窦鳞癌诊断的标志物之一，ＰＣＮＡ指数可作为上颌窦鳞癌预后的参考指标，并可作为指导上颌窦鳞癌治疗的参考。     

鸦胆子油联合内镜治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤临床研究

目的 探讨鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤中西医结合疗法.方法 以正常鼻腔黏膜组织做对照,鼻内镜手术切除鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤后定期涂布鸦胆子油,免疫组化Envinsion二步法监测瘤体组织Survivin蛋白的表达.结果 鼻腔鼻窦乳头状瘤联合治疗后3个月无1例复发,Survivin蛋白在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的表达率为83.33％,与正常组织(表达率6.67％)对照差异具显著性(P＜0.05),内镜术并鸦胆子油涂布治疗3个月后其阳性表达率为10.00％,与治疗前差异具显著性(P＜0.05).结论 鼻内镜联合鸦胆子油治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤是较好的防治复发的方法,Survivin在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的发生发展中起重要作用,其水平变化可作为监测该种疾病疗效的有效手段.     

上颌窦鳞癌两种癌基因及增殖细胞核抗原的表达及意义

目的 检测上颌窦鳞癌、上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤及上颌窦炎性粘膜中ｒａｓ、ｐ５３及增殖细胞核抗原的表达情况，并分析其表达与上颌窦鳞癌临床病理特性和预后的关系。方法 应用免疫组织和化学方法检测４０例上颌窦鳞癌、２０例上颌窦内翻必 状瘤、１０例上颌窦炎性粘膜中ｒａｓ、ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ的表达情况。结果 ｒａｓ基因表达与上颌窦鳞癌分化程度有关，其表达多见于高分化鳞癌中；Ｐ５３基因表达只出现在上颌窦鳞癌中，在上颌     

上颌窦鳞状细胞癌细胞周期调控因子表达及意义

目的　检测上颌窦鳞癌、上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤及上颌窦炎性黏膜中细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclinD1)、细胞周期蛋白E(cyclinE)、P2 1WAF1/CIP1和P2 7KIP1的表达情况 ,分析其表达与上颌窦鳞癌病理分化程度的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法检测 5 0例上颌窦鳞癌、2 0例上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤、10例上颌窦炎性黏膜中cyclinD1、cyclinE、P2 1WAF1/CIP1和P2 7KIP1的表达情况。结果　①在上颌窦鳞癌、上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤及上颌窦炎性黏膜中 ,cyclinD1阳性表达率分别为 10 0 %、2 5 0 %、4 8 0 %(P <0 0 5 ) ;cyclinE阳性表达率分别为 2 0 0 %、35 0 %、5 8 0 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;P2 1WAF1/CIP1阳性表达率分别为 80 0 %、6 5 0 %、4 0 0 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;P2 7KIP1阳性表达率分别为 70 0 %、75 0 %、4 0 0 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;②cyclinD1、cyclinE、P2 1WAF1/CIP1和P2 7KIP1阳性表达率与上颌窦鳞癌的性别、T分型差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;③P2 1WAF1/CIP1在高、中和低分化的上颌窦鳞癌中阳性表达分别为 11/15、11/19、4 /16 (P <0 0 5 ) ;cyclinD1、cyclinE和P2 7KIP1在高、中和低分化的上颌窦鳞癌中阳性表达率组间比较差异无显著性 (P值均 >0 0 5 )。结论　①在上颌窦炎性黏膜、上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤及上     

增殖细胞核抗原和p27在鼻内翻性乳头状瘤中的表达

目的 检测鼻内翻性乳头状瘤(nasal inverted papilloma,NIP)组织中增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)和p27蛋白表达,从细胞增殖状况和细胞周期调控方面探讨NIP发生、生长机制.方法 应用免疫组织化学LSAB法检测47例NIP、49例鼻息肉、43例鼻鳞状细胞癌、11例正常鼻黏膜组织中PCNA和p27蛋白的表达.结果 NIP组PCNA标记指数(labelling index,LI)高于鼻息肉组及正常鼻黏膜组(P＜0.001),与鼻鳞状细胞癌组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),NIP中初发组与复发组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);p27蛋白在各实验组中均有部分表达,各组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 PCNA指数可以反映NIP的增殖状况,但其与NIP的复发无明显关系;而p27在NlP发展过程中的作用尚需进一步探讨.     

改良面部正中翻揭术在鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤手术中的应用探讨

目的：探讨有效的治疗鼻腔，鼻窦肿瘤手术方法。方法：利用改良面部正中翻揭术治疗24列鼻腔，鼻窦肿瘤的病人，其中6例结合内镜技术，该术式将传统正中翻揭术的鼻前庭环形切口改为鼻中隔的贯乇开和鼻腔外侧壁的骨膜下切开。本组病例，筛窦骨瘤2例，鼻中隔血管瘤1例，鼻腔，筛窦血管瘤3例，鼻腔，上颌窦血管瘤3例，鼻腔筛窦内翻乳头状瘤7例，鼻腔筛窦鳞癌2例，鼻腔鳞癌3例，上颌窦鳞癌2例，复发性上颌窦鳞癌1例。鼻腔筛窦内翻乳头状瘤和恶性肿瘤，皆未侵犯前筛窦 ，前颅底及眼眶，鼻腔筛窦内翻乳头状瘤和鳞癌术后皆行放疗。结果：24例手术皆成功。该手术切口可变通，对鼻腔，鼻窦，鼻咽及前中颅底皆可充分暴露，结合内镜技术可减少术中创伤和术后并发症。患者对术后外形皆满意。无鼻前庭狭窄，鼻中隔穿孔，口鼻瘘管等；12例面部麻木主后6个月均渐好转；5例溢泪皆行泪道冲洗后好转；1例复发性上颌窦癌病人再次手术后3个月因肺部转移死亡；1例鼻腔筛窦内翻乳头状瘤术后8个月复发。结论：改良面部正中翻揭术是一种变通而实用处理鼻腔，鼻窦肿瘤的方法。     

鼻腔-鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤组织PCNA、bcl-2和p53的表达活性观察

目的分别检测鼻腔/鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤（nasal invered papilloma,IP）、内翻性乳头状瘤伴不典型增生（IP with dysplasia,ID）和内翻性乳头状瘤伴恶变组织（IP with squamous cell carcinoma,SCC）中的增殖细胞核抗原、bcl-2和p53表达活性,探讨内翻性乳头状瘤恶变的可能机制。方法内翻性乳头状瘤31例、内翻性乳头状瘤伴不典型增生10例、内翻性乳头状瘤恶变5例,取活检组织,应用免疫组织化学方法分别检测增殖细胞核抗原、bcl-2和p53的表达活性,分析其病理意义。结果内翻性乳头状瘤、内翻性乳头状瘤伴不典型增生组织p53表达分别为0%、40.0%,PCNA的表达分别为25.81%、60.0%,bcl-2的表达分别为29.03%、70.0%。二者差异的组间比较以及内翻性乳头状瘤与SCC的组间比较差异有统计学意义,而内翻性乳头状瘤伴不典型增生与SCC的组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论鼻腔/鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的恶变,可能是其细胞增殖活性升高与凋亡活性抑制共同作用的结果。     

改良面部正中翻揭术在鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤手术中的应用探讨

目的 :探讨有效的治疗鼻腔、鼻窦肿瘤手术方法。方法 :利用改良面部正中翻揭术治疗 2 4例鼻腔、鼻窦肿瘤的病人 ,其中 6例结合内镜技术。该术式将传统正中翻揭术的鼻前庭环形切口改为鼻中隔的贯穿切开和鼻腔外侧壁的骨膜下切开。本组病例 ,筛窦骨瘤 2例 ,鼻中隔血管瘤 1例 ,鼻腔、筛窦血管瘤 3例 ,鼻腔、上颌窦血管瘤 3例 ,鼻腔筛窦内翻乳头状瘤 7例 ,鼻腔筛窦鳞癌 2例 ,鼻腔鳞癌 3例 ,上颌窦鳞癌 2例 ,复发性上颌窦鳞癌 1例。鼻腔筛窦内翻乳头状瘤和恶性肿瘤 ,皆未侵犯前筛窦、前颅底及眼眶。鼻腔筛窦内翻乳头状瘤和鳞癌术后皆行放疗。结果 :2 4例手术皆成功。该手术切口可变通 ,对鼻腔、鼻窦、鼻咽及前中颅底皆可充分暴露 ,结合内镜技术可减少术中创伤和术后并发症。患者对术后外形皆满意。无鼻前庭狭窄、鼻中隔穿孔、口鼻瘘管等 ;12例面部麻木术后 6个月均渐好转 ;5例溢泪皆行泪道冲洗后好转 ;1例复发性上颌窦癌病人再次手术后 3个月因肺部转移死亡 ;1例鼻腔筛窦内翻乳头状瘤术后 8个月复发。结论 :改良面部正中翻揭术是一种变通而实用处理鼻腔、鼻窦肿瘤的方法     

存活素在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤中表达及临床意义

目的探讨细胞凋亡抑制蛋白-存活素(Survivin)在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化Envision二步法检测30例鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤,10例鼻腔鳞癌及10例正常下鼻甲黏膜标本中Survivin的表达。结果鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤和鼻腔鳞癌组织中survivin的表达分别为73.33%、80.00%,均显著高于正常下鼻甲黏膜组织的表达0%(P0.01)。结论 Survivin在鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤和鼻腔鳞癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,可能成为鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤和鼻腔鳞癌基因治疗的靶点。Survivin的高表达,预示SNIP的复发。     

Ganglion cell loss continues during hair cell regeneration

Hair cells and ganglion cells were counted in young adult quail (Coturnix coturnix) after acoustic trauma at 10, 30, 60 and 90 day survival times. Following sacrifice the basilar papillae, along with the ganglia, were fixed, embedded in plastic and sectioned serially at 100 mu intervals from basal to apical tip. Hair cells and ganglion cells were counted from 3 mu thick sections at each interval. Hair cells were designated as tall or short within the area 30-70% of length from basal tip of the papilla. Both tall and short hair cells were significantly reduced in number 10 days following trauma. Tall hair cells recovered to within 96% of normal after 60-90 days. Short hair cells recovered but to a lesser extent. Ganglion cell loss did not begin until 30 days after trauma and continued without recovery 90 days after trauma. A good correlation was found for position of both types of hair cell loss and position of ganglion cell loss. These results suggest that the initial loss of hair cells, both tall and short, results in retrograde degeneration of neural fibers and ganglion cells.     

Carboplatin-radiation interaction in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

Chemoradiotherapy has been considered one of the most promising improvements in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. This article describes in vitro chemosensitivity to carboplatin in five squamous cell carcinoma cell lines established from head and neck cancers and in one vulvar squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Sensitivity to carboplatin was found to vary markedly when using the 96-well plate clonogenic assay and continuous drug exposure. The difference in carboplatin response between the most sensitive and the most resistant cell lines was fourfold. No cross-resistance was observed between inherent radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. Effects of concomitant use of carboplatin and radiation were further investigated in the two cell lines that were found to be most sensitive to carboplatin. The drug was administered 1 hour before acute radiation doses, and an additive effect was observed in both cell lines.     

Langerhans cell related inflammatory reaction in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

The major cells involved in cancer cell kill are the T lymphocytes. However, T cells need to be activated upon antigen presentation, which is mediated by the antigen presenting cells, one of which is the Langerhans cell (LC). The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of LC and inflammatory cell infiltration in the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Forty-five patients who were operated on for LSCC between 1992 and 1999 were included in the study. The clinical and histopathological features of the patients were reviewed. A semiquantitative estimation of the lymphocyte dominant inflammatory reaction within and around the tumor was performed. Anti S-100 antibodies were used for immunohistochemical detection of LCs. Horseradish peroxidase method was used. LCs were present in almost all of the specimens within and around the tumor tissue. The S-100 results did not associate with grade, T and N stages, tumor stage, laryngeal site of involvement and survival (P>0.05). The S-100 results significantly associated with inflammatory reaction in the tumor tissue (P<0.01). In conclusion, the LC related response is not important to inhibit regional metastasis by cancer cells. The LC is not a reliable tool to determine prognosis of the patients with LSCC in the clinical practice.     

Merkel cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: To determine the natural history and treatment outcomes for patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. METHODS: Review of the literature. RESULTS: The probability of regional node involvement at presentation exceeds 50%; few patients present with distant metastases. Comprehensive treatment of the primary site and regional lymphatics with surgery or radiotherapy results in the highest likelihood of cure. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy remains investigational. CONCLUSION: The probability of regional dissemination at diagnosis is high. The optimal treatment is resection of the primary tumor and treatment of the regional lymphatics. Resection of all gross tumor should be accomplished followed by local-regional radiotherapy in most patients.     

Hair cell re-growth

Hair cell loss is usually a function of age, noise, ototoxic drugs and genetics. Therapeutic strategies fall into two categories: protection and regeneration. Protective methods include targeted application of growth factors and other agents to promote cell survival, and systemic application of drugs to prevent activation of programmed cell death. These strategies are related to treatments that cause predictable damage, such as the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The challenge of hair cell regeneration is more difficult. Instead of preventing cell loss, we must consider methods of stimulating cell division and hair cell differentiation from existing cells. We need to know much more about the molecular mechanisms that govern these processes so that we can identify potential targets for specific drugs or gene therapies. One method of approaching the issue is to combine in vitro models of developing hair cells with genomic and proteomic technologies. The benefits of hair cell re-growth may not be limited to full replacement of pre-existing cells. Surrogate hair cells may help to maintain cochlear innervation, even if they do not detect sound, and this property could be harnessed to improve the performance of cochlear implants.