2007年绵阳市涪城区双凤坪村血吸虫病监测点结果分析

目的为了全面了解血吸虫病在丘陵地区的流行动态及影响因素,预测流行趋势,科学制定血吸虫病防治措施,评价防治效果。方法按《全国血吸虫病监测方案》要求,对涪城区磨家镇双凤坪村国家血吸虫病流行病学监测点的血吸虫病疫情进行了调查。结果调查面积118 025 m2,有螺面积4 950 m2,未发现阳性钉螺;血阳率11.69%,人群感染率0.52%;未查出阳性耕牛。结论涪城区血吸虫病传播和流行已控制在一定水平,但钉螺孳生的环境并未改变,耕牛基本没有减少,应进一步做好血吸虫病监测和血吸虫病综合治理等巩固工作,防止血吸虫病疫情回升。     

2010年绵阳市涪城区万和村血吸虫病疫情监测报告

目的了解2010年绵阳市涪城区万和村血吸虫病流行动态变化、影响因素及防治工作现状,预测流行趋势,为制定血吸虫病防治提供科学依据。方法按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案》要求及标准进行疫情监测。结果 2010年全村人群平均血吸虫感染率0。全村家畜平均感染率5.13%。全村有螺面积14 135 m2,活螺平均密度0.53只/框(每框=0.11 m2),未发现感染性钉螺。结论 2010年绵阳市涪城区螺情、病情指标已经达到并控制在国家血吸虫病传播控制标准内,但应加强综合治理,防止血吸虫病疫情回升。     

2009年绵阳市涪城区双凤坪村血吸虫病疫情监测报告

目的及时了解血吸虫病流行动态变化、影响因素及防治工作现状,预测流行趋势,为制定血吸虫病防治提供科学依据。方法按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案》要求及标准进行疫情监测。结果全村人群平均血吸虫感染率0.20%,家畜平均感染率2.22%。全村有螺面积6 460 m2,活螺平均密度0.13只/框(每框=0.11 m2),未发现感染性钉螺。结论绵阳市涪城区螺情、病情指标已经达到并控制在国家血吸虫病传播控制标准范围内,但应加强综合治理,防止血吸虫病疫情回升。     

眉山市东坡区一里村2005年血吸虫病监测点结果分析

目的及时掌握血吸虫病流行现状,疫情动态变化,为制定血吸虫病防治规划和决策提供科学依据。方法根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案》和《四川省血吸虫病监测实施方案》确定了东坡区秦家镇一里村为国家血吸虫病监测点,按照方案要求开展了2005年血吸虫病监测工作。结果监测钉螺面积32020m2,活螺密度3·95只/框(每框=0·11m2),钉螺阳性率0·103%;查见阳性钉螺12只。间接血凝试验检查阳性率44·17%;Kato-Katz法居民感染率5·39%;耕牛阳性率4·82%,全村2005年无急性血吸虫病例,现有晚期血吸虫病患者16人。结论东坡区居民血吸虫感染率仍较高,应加强沟渠灭螺,耕牛粪便管理和人畜同步治疗,防止血吸虫病疫情回升。     

蒲江县古佛村2005年血吸虫病监测点结果分析

目的了解蒲江县长秋乡古佛村2005年血吸虫病监测点疫情动态情况,为血吸虫病防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《全国血吸虫病监测方案》的要求,开展2005年监测工作。结果钉螺面积147958m2,活螺平均密度0·28只/框(每框=0·11m2),未发现阳性钉螺,人群血吸虫感染率2·16%,耕牛血吸虫感染率为4·35%。结论蒲江县血吸虫病已控制在较低水平,应继续加强耕牛粪便管理和人畜同步治疗,巩固已取得的防治成果,防止疫情反弹。     

2006年云南省血吸虫病疫情监测结果分析

目的掌握云南省国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点2006年疫情状况，为全省防治工作提供科学依据。方法根据<全国血吸虫病疫情监测方案》，在4个国家级血吸虫病疫情监测点进行调查，并分析其结果。结果  全省4个监测点人群感染率为1.92%，黄牛及水牛感染率分别为3. 65%和6. 59%，有螺面积99. 44 hm2，钉螺密度为0. 37只10.1 m2，钉螺感染率为0. 08%，云南省居民血吸虫病有高感染率、低感染度的流行特点。结论云南省血吸虫病疫情下降明显，家畜传染源在血吸虫病传播中占有特殊地位，部分监测点螺情未得到有效控制，应进一步加强家畜血吸虫病的防治和 查灭螺工作。     

2005~2007年绵阳市涪城区双凤坪村血吸虫病疫情监测

按《全国血吸虫病监测方案》要求,对绵阳市涪城区磨家镇双凤坪村国家级血吸虫病监测点的疫情进行调查,结果显示有螺面积、有螺框数、活螺数、活螺密度均呈现下降趋势,居民感染率逐年下降。     

2008年湖北省血吸虫病疫情监测结果分析

目的掌握2008年湖北省血吸虫病监测点血吸虫病疫情状况。方法按照《湖北省血吸虫病监测方案》的要求,在全省血吸虫病流行区选择有代表性的74个流行村作为监测点,开展人畜查病和钉螺调查。结果74个监测点居民感染率为1.32%,耕牛感染率为1.85%,活螺密度为0.37只/0.11m2,感染螺密度为0.0003只/0.11m2,钉螺感染率为0.08%。与2007年相比,疫情下降,但感染螺面积略有上升,有3个监测点出现了新的散在的感染螺点。结论为2013年实现湖北省达到＂血吸虫病传播控制＂目标,必须进一步加大血吸虫病防治工作力度,加强查、灭螺工作。     

仁寿县志气村2005年血吸虫病监测点结果分析

目的及时掌握血吸虫病流行现状,疫情动态变化,为制定血吸虫病防治规划和决策提供科学依据。方法根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案》和《四川省血吸虫病监测实施方案》规定的项目及内容,对全国血吸虫病监测点仁寿县珠加乡志气村开展了2005年监测工作。结果查出有螺面积29 770 m2,活螺密度5.09只/框(每框=0.11 m2),未发现感染螺。人群血吸虫感染率0.53%(3/561)。耕牛感染率2/9。结论仁寿县血吸虫病已控制在较低水平,应加强沟渠灭螺和耕牛治疗,防止血吸虫病疫情回升。     

2011–2018年江苏省国家血吸虫病监测点疫情分析

目的　分析2011–2018年江苏省国家血吸虫病监测点疫情,掌握监测点血吸虫病疫情变化趋势,为制定血吸虫病防治策略提供科学依据。方法　2011–2014年根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案（2011年版）》要求,在江苏省选取7个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）设立国家血吸虫病监测点;2015–2018年根据《全国血吸虫病监测方案（2014年版）》要求,在全省64个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）设立国家血吸虫病监测点。2011–2018年江苏省国家血吸虫病监测点开展本地人群、流动人群、家畜血吸虫感染监测及螺情监测,对各年病情及螺情数据进行比较分析。结果　2011–2018年,江苏省国家血吸虫病监测点本地人群血吸虫病血检阳性率为1.50%～4.61%,男性高于女性,血检阳性者以50岁以上人群为主;各年血检阳性者粪检阳性率为0～0.14%,未发现本地急性血吸虫感染病例。流动人群血检阳性率为0.46%～15.97%,未发现粪检阳性。共调查羊、猪等各类家畜1 453头·次,未发现阳性。共开展钉螺调查2.16亿m2,查出有螺面积1 291.01 hm2,活螺密度为0.01～0.47只/0.1 m2,未发现感染性钉螺。结论　江苏省血吸虫病疫情总体呈逐年下降趋势,人畜血吸虫感染率处于较低水平,自2012年以来未发现本地感染病例。在今后的工作中,应进一步加强输入性传染源监测和防治,提升监测点哨点医院被动监测能力建设,并加大流动人群查病力度,建立更加敏感、有效的血吸虫病监测体系。     

莫沙必利改善夜间消化不良症状的随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照研究

功能性消化不良（FD）的发病机制尚未完全明了。夜间上腹部症状是影响FD患者生活质量的重要因素。促动力药对夜间FD症状的治疗作用和机制不详。目的：探讨莫沙必利对FD患者夜间消化不良症状的治疗作用。方法：采用随机、双盲、安慰剂平行对照的前瞻性设计，连续选取主诉有夜间FD症状（上腹部疼痛、饱胀、嗳气）的患者，经一周安慰剂治疗筛选，无安慰剂治疗反应者分别给予莫沙必利（5mgtid）和安慰剂治疗。治疗前后分别行夜间症状评估以及夜间胃内DH值和胆红素联合检测。结果：共纳入43例有夜间FD症状的患者，28例对安慰剂治疗无反应。治疗后，莫沙必利组夜间上腹部疼痛、饱胀、暖气的症状积分均明显降低（R0．05），夜间胃内pH值和胆红素吸收值〉0．14的时间百分比均明显降低（P〈O．05）；而安慰剂组上述指标无明显差异（P〉O．05）。莫沙必利组夜间症状积分改善程度与夜间胃内pH值和胆红素吸收值〉O．14的时间百分比降低程度有明显相关性（P〈O．05）。结论：莫沙必利能显著改善夜间FD症状．其机制可能与减轻夜间胃十二指肠胆汁反流有关。     

Biodiesel Production on Monometallic Pt,Pd, Ru,and Ag Catalysts Supported on Natural Zeolite

Biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and methanol via transesterification reaction facilitated by various monometallic catalyst supported on natural zeolite (NZ) was investigated. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), temperature-programmed-reduction in hydrogen (H₂-TPR), temperature-programmed-desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD), Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with EDX detector (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The highest activity and methyl ester yields were obtained for the Pt/NZ catalyst. This catalyst showed the highest triglycerides conversion of 98.9% and fatty acids methyl esters yields of 94.6%. The activity results also confirmed the high activity of the carrier material (NZ) itself in the investigated reaction. Support material exhibited 90.5% of TG conversion and the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters yield (FAME) of 67.2%. Introduction of noble metals improves the TG conversion and FAME yield values. Increasing of the metal loading from 0.5 to 2 wt.% improves the reactivity properties of the investigated catalysts.     

Insights on linking forests, trees, and people from the air, on the ground, and in the laboratory

Governing natural resources sustainably is a continuing struggle. Major debates occur over what types of policy "interventions" best protect forests, with choices of property and land tenure systems being central issues. Herein, we provide an overview of findings from a long-term interdisciplinary, multiscale, international research program that analyzes the institutional factors affecting forests managed under a variety of tenure arrangements. This program analyzes satellite images, conducts social-ecological measurements on the ground, and tests the impact of structural variables on human decisions in experimental laboratories. Satellite images track the landscape dimensions of forest-cover change within different management regimes over time. On-the-ground social-ecological studies examine relationships between forest conditions and types of institutions. Behavioral studies under controlled laboratory conditions enhance our understanding of explicit changes in structure that affect relevant human decisions. Evidence from all three research methods challenges the presumption that a single governance arrangement will control overharvesting in all settings. When users are genuinely engaged in decisions regarding rules affecting their use, the likelihood of them following the rules and monitoring others is much greater than when an authority simply imposes rules. Our results support a frontier of research on the most effective institutional and tenure arrangements for protecting forests. They move the debate beyond the boundaries of protected areas into larger landscapes where government, community, and comanaged protected areas are embedded and help us understand when and why deforestation and regrowth occur in specific regions within these larger landscapes.     

Update on antiplatelet agents, including MATCH, CHARISMA, and ESPRIT

Despite recent advances in the acute treatment of stroke, prevention and risk factor modification remain the mainstays of management for patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. The majority of noncardioembolic ischemic strokes are atherothrombotic, presumed to be associated with the activation and aggregation of platelets. Antiplatelet medications have been shown to be effective in the secondary prevention of stroke of presumed arterial origin, both as monotherapy and in combination. Among combination of antiplatelet agents, aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole has demonstrated statistically significant additive benefit over monotherapy with each agent. Clopidogrel plus aspirin does not prevent recurrent ischemic stroke over each component individually, and the combination increases the risk of hemorrhagic side effects. This article reviews the most recent studies on antiplatelet medications, including the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel or extended-release dipyridamole, and discusses some of the controversies that still exist with the use of antiplatelet agents.     

Observation on biting midge infestations on Mamburao Beach, Mimdoro, Philippines.

The occurrence of biting midge infestation involving the species Leptoconops (Styloconops) spinosifrons Carter 1921 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) is reported from a beach resort in Mindoro Island, Philippines. The flies are most active between 0700 and 0900 hours, and again, between 1600 and 1800 hours; they are most abundant in the shoreline and sand beach area.