右旋苯氰菊酯对蚊,蝇和蟑螂的药效测定

采用浸泡法、点滴法、喷雾法和药膜法,测定右旋苯氰菊酯对淡色库蚊、家蝇和德国小蠊的药效。试验结果表明,其对淡色库蚊幼虫的LC_(50)为0.0089ppm,毒力分别是二氯苯醚菊酯和右旋苯醚菊酯的1.9和7.1倍;其对德国小蠊的LD_(50)为0.0418μg/虫,毒力比二氯苯醚菊酯和右旋苯醚菊酯高3.3和5.7倍;其对德国小蠊的KT_(50)亦优于另外两种菊酯类药物;用喷雾法测得其对淡色库蚊、家蝇和德国小蠊的KT_(50)和24小时死亡率均优于另外两种菊酯类药物。上述试验结果表明,右旋苯氰菊酯对淡色库蚊、家蝇和德国小蠊具有很好的击倒作用和杀灭能力。     

集装箱卫生处理复配药剂效果评价

在对现用集装箱卫生处理药剂实际效果调查的基础上,观察2种不同卫生处理药剂复配使用下的效果,以期提高药效。结果显示硫酰氟、溴甲烷和虫菌畏单-使用在常用浓度下对大肠杆菌灭菌率在25％以下;对淡色库蚊24h杀死率在30．13％以下;常用浓度加倍量对淡色库蚊24h杀灭率在55．20％以下;对德国小蠊和美洲大蠊的杀灭率亦仅为39．17％和43．33％以下。溴甲烷、环氧乙烷、硫酰氟中2种药剂复配使用药效明显提高,其中硫酰氟与环氧乙烷或溴甲烷与环氧乙烷复配使用杀虫、灭鼠效果尤好。     

集装箱卫生处理复配药剂效果的研究

目的：观察两种不同药剂复配,对现用集装箱卫生处理的效果。方法：模拟现场试验。结果：硫酰氟、溴甲烷和虫菌畏单一使用,在常用浓度下对大肠杆菌灭菌率在２５％以下,对淡色库蚊２４ｈ杀灭率在３０．１３％以下;常用浓度加倍量对淡色库蚊２４ｈ杀灭率在５５．２０％以下;对德国小蠊和美洲大蠊的杀灭率亦仅为３９．１７％和４３．３３％以下。溴甲烷、环氧乙烷、硫酰氟中两种药剂复配使用药效提高明显,其中硫酰氟与环氧乙烷或溴     

高可螂气雾剂的灭效研究：蚊·蝇·蟑螂

[目的]寻找1种安全、快速、高效的集装箱杀虫用药,以适应口岸消杀灭工作的需要.[方法]选用体积分数为1％的高克螂二氧化碳制剂,用10m~3的试验柜模拟现场,对德国小蠊、家蝇、致倦库蚊3种目标害虫进行速效实验.[结果]德国小蠊半数击倒时间KT(50)=5.4968,72h死亡率为100％;家蝇KT(50)=2644898,24h死亡率为100％;致倦库蚊KT(50)=1.65657,24h死亡率为100％.[结论]体积分数为1％的高克螂二氧化碳制剂对3种目标害虫的击倒效果显著,并具有时间短、毒性小的特点,同时也可以解决传统的溴甲烷熏蒸除虫时密闭性要求高的问题.     

氯氟醚菊酯及其他3种杀虫剂对淡色库蚊和家蝇毒力及室内效果评价

目的 评价氯氟醚菊酯、四氟甲醚菊酯、四氟苯菊酯和右旋炔丙菊酯对淡色库蚊和家蝇的毒杀或击倒效果.方法 采用浸渍法测定淡色库蚊4龄幼虫的半数致死浓度(LC50);采用28 m3模拟现场法测定淡色库蚊羽化4d未吸血成虫的半数击倒中时(KT50);采用饲喂法测定家蝇3龄幼虫的LC50;采用方箱法测定雌成蝇的KT50.结果 氯氟醚菊酯、四氟甲醚菊酯、四氟苯菊酯和右旋炔丙菊酯对淡色库蚊幼虫的LC50分别为0.94、2.28、3.10和54.00 μg/L;对成蚊的KT50分别为21.80、26.89、53.96、＞60 min.氯氟醚菊酯、四氟苯菊酯、四氟甲醚菊酯和右旋炔丙菊酯对家蝇幼虫的LC50分别为4.20、5.81、9.92和146.96μg/g;对雌成蝇的KT50分别为7.22、5.05、7.97和13.02 min.结论 氯氟醚菊酯对淡色库蚊幼虫和成虫及家蝇幼虫防治效果均优于四氟甲醚菊酯、四氟苯菊酯和右旋炔丙菊酯,对家蝇成虫的击倒效果稍逊于四氟苯菊酯.     

右旋苯氰菊酯烟雾剂控制蜚蠊危害的调查

目的观察右旋苯氰菊酯热烟雾剂灭蜚蠊效果.方法实验室与现场实施观察.结果在实验室用5 mg a.i/m^3右旋苯氰菊酯热烟雾剂杀灭德国小蠊,240 min击倒率为94.27%,24 h死亡率100%;15 mg a.i/m^3120 min蜚蠊击倒率81.22%,24 h死亡率100%;25 mg a.i/m330 min蜚蠊击倒率85.00%,48 h死亡率100%.现场施用30 mg a.i/m3右旋苯氰菊酯热烟雾剂蜚蠊接触180 min,5 d后密度下降率＞95%.结论右旋苯氰菊酯热烟雾剂灭蜚蠊效果良好.     

硫酰氟、溴甲烷联合熏蒸集装箱消毒杀虫灭鼠效果

目的观察在减少溴甲烷用量的情况下，硫酰氟、溴甲烷联合熏蒸集装箱的消毒效果评价。方法集装箱现场模拟药效试验。结果硫酰氟10．50g/m^3与溴甲烷20．25g/m^3合用封闭11h，能100％杀灭小白鼠及美洲大蠊；美洲大蠊卵3个月孵化率为0。硫酰氟18．75g/m^3、溴甲烷36．00g/m^3熏蒸集装箱，对小白鼠、美洲大蠊、美洲大蠊虫卵及大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌有100％消毒杀虫灭鼠效果。在37．5℃，相对湿度54％时，最短封闭时间为16．67h。结论硫酰氟、溴甲烷联合熏蒸集装箱可明显提高卫生处理效果，并可减少溴甲烷的用量。     

一种混合药剂的集装箱杀虫消毒效果研究

目的观察两种杀虫消毒混合药剂在集装箱中杀虫和消毒的联合应用效果。方法用机动喷雾器在体积为33.3m3的标准集装箱内施药。选用致倦库蚊、家蝇、德国小蠊和美洲大蠊4种试虫分别在集装箱空箱和实箱中的不同位置悬挂试虫笼并放置微生物检测纸片,施药后密闭2 h取出试虫笼和微生物检测纸片,观察24～72 h内试虫的死亡数;同时在集装箱实箱中采用自然菌采样法测定自然菌杀灭率。结果空箱内施药后,致倦库蚊和家蝇的24 h死亡率为100.00%,德国小蠊48 h死亡率为100.00%,美洲大蠊72 h的死亡率为100.00%,对大肠杆菌的平均杀灭率为100.00%。实箱现场试验结果显示,致倦库蚊和家蝇48 h的死亡率为100.00%,德国小蠊和美洲大蠊72 h的平均死亡率分别为98.89%和100.00%,自然菌采样法测定的集装箱实箱自然菌杀灭率大于95.00%。结论优莱洁与绿缘保混合药剂可以用于集装箱杀虫和消毒。     

50％硫酰氟气体制剂对有害生物杀灭效果的研究

目的测定硫酰氟与二氧化碳混合气体制剂对有害生物的杀灭效果。方法将硫酰氟：二氧化碳配制为1：1混合气体制剂,进行实验室、模拟现场、集装箱现场和毒理学试验,使用剂量15g／m^3时,对蚊、蝇、蟑螂、黑皮蠹、小鼠、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌24h的死亡率（杀灭率）效果。结果50％硫酰氟气体制剂使用剂量15g/m^3时对蚊、蝇、蟑螂、黑皮蠹、小鼠、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌24h的死亡率（杀灭率）均达到100％。大鼠的急性吸入毒性LC50均大于5000mg／m^3,属微毒类农药,对有害生物防治具有高效微毒多功能的杀灭作用。结论50％硫酰氟气体制剂能具有杀虫、消毒、灭鼠三合一功能,并符合环保节能、首创的新一代熏蒸制剂。     

灭害灵气雾剂杀虫灭菌效果研究

目的　研究灭害灵气雾剂的杀虫灭菌效果。方法　采用国家统一标准方法GB/T17322 2—1998,GB/T17322 11—1998进行试验。结果　灭害灵杀虫灭菌气雾剂杀灭淡色库蚊、家蝇、德国小蠊均达到A级标准。杀菌试验,平均杀灭对数值5min,大肠杆菌3. 42,金黄色葡萄球菌3 .12,白色念珠菌1. 76; 10min大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌均≥5. 00;白色念珠菌2. 46。结论　灭害灵气雾剂具有良好的杀虫灭菌效果。     

复配熏蒸剂杀灭微生物效果的试验观察

〔目的〕观察复配熏蒸剂对微生物的杀灭效果。〔方法〕采用实验室载体定量法和现场消毒试验对其消毒效果进行了观察。〔结果〕在体积为5.832m3密闭玻璃屋内,该复配熏蒸剂浓度为55g/m3时,静置消毒4h后,对染于载体布片上大肠埃希菌的平均杀灭对数值为1～2之间,对染于载体布片上金黄色葡萄球菌的平均杀灭对数值均为<1;该复配熏蒸剂浓度为120g/m3时,静置消毒4h后,对染于载体布片上大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的平均杀灭对数值均为>3。〔结论〕准确而合理地掌握各种参数,该复配熏蒸剂才能很好地发挥其杀灭微生物的作用。     

复配熏蒸剂实验室及现场杀虫灭鼠效果的研究

〔目的〕了解复配熏蒸剂对多种害虫及鼠类的杀灭效果。〔方法〕采用直接吸入染毒法,观察靶动物中毒时间及死亡情况。〔结果〕复配熏蒸剂在实验室内对多种害虫及鼠类的半数击倒时间（KT50）和半数致死浓度（LD50）均在38min以内,且实验室及现场内的24h死亡率均达100%,且无复苏现象。〔结论〕该复配熏蒸剂对多种害虫及鼠类具有良好杀灭效果,值得推广应用。     

中药防疫熏剂在突发公共卫生事件中作用探讨

目的探讨中药防疫熏剂在突发公共卫生事件中预防医院感染的效果。方法分试验组和对照组,用藿香、青蒿等5味中药组成防疫熏剂,分别对口腔诊疗室、甲型H1N1流感流行期的发热门诊进行动态空气熏蒸,采集与分析熏与未熏样本中菌落数;对"5.12"大地震后人员密集的骨科病房用防疫熏剂进行动态空气熏蒸,监测熏蒸后医院感染发生情况。结果试验组空气样本的菌落数明显低于对照组,经统计学处理,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);震灾后骨科病房的医院感染率与2009、2010年同期比差异无统计学意义。结论中药防疫熏剂在人员密集的动态环境中能杀灭空气中的细菌,预防医院感染发生。     

45%苯醚·硫酰氟熏蒸剂现场灭蟑药效试验研究

目的观察45%苯醚·硫酰氟熏蒸剂现场熏蒸灭蟑效果。方法选择宾馆餐厅的操作间施用45%苯醚·硫酰氟熏蒸剂10～20g/m3,观察72h蜚蠊密度变化。结果 45%苯醚·硫酰氟熏蒸剂现场使用10～20g/m3时,标示性蜚蠊6～72h死亡率为88.04%～100%,处理后72h蜚蠊密度平均下降率为82.46%～98.53%。结论 45%苯醚·硫酰氟熏蒸剂可用于密闭场所灭蟑。     

45%苯醚·硫酰氟熏蒸剂的药效试验研究

目的观察45%苯醚.硫酰氟熏蒸剂模拟现场熏蒸效果。方法参照《农药登记用卫生杀虫剂室内药效试验与评价第10部分:模拟现场(GB/T 13917.10-2009)》有关方法进行。结果 45%苯醚.硫酰氟熏蒸剂对蚊、蝇、蜚蠊、蠹虫等有害节肢动物最低试验致死剂量为5 g/m(3a.i.2.25 g/m3),对鼠类最低试验致死剂量为20 g/m(3a.i.9 g/m3)。结论 45%苯醚.硫酰氟熏蒸剂对蚊、蝇、蜚蠊、蠹虫等有害节肢动物和鼠类击倒快、杀灭效果优良。     

LZW—1智能化便携式流体质量测控仪的研制及应用

本仪器是一种新型的流体质量自动测量和自动控制系统，适用于硫酰氟，虫菌畏，溴甲烷等各类药品的计量．并且数据精确，使用方便。本文介绍了该仪器的原理．组成及其应用．     

Efficacy evaluation of a fumigant containing permethrin and deltamethrin against vector mosquitoes

The efficacy of a new smoke-generating formulation (fumigant), containing the active ingredient permethrin (69 g/kg) and deltamethrin (3.9 g/kg) per cartridge, was evaluated against adult female Anopheles albimanus, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus in a large vehicle storage building (22 x 13 x 4.5 m3), Florida, U.S.A., and against Cx. pipiens complex and Ae. albopictus in a furnished apartment (12 x 7 x 3.5 m3) in Israel. In the storage building, the use of 2 fumigant cartridges resulted in 100% mortality for all 3 species in 15 min. Using 1 cartridge resulted in 100% mortality in An. albimanus, 98% in Ae. aegypti, and 97% in Cx. quinquefasciatus in 15 min; and 100% mortality for both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus at 30 min. In the apartment in Israel, both Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens showed 100% mortality when exposed to the fumigant cartridge for 15 min. Based on these preliminary data, the test formulation (fumigant) could be a valuable tool for controlling mosquitoes.     

Occupational Exposure to 1,3-Dichloropropene (Telone® II) in Hawaiian Pineapple Culture

1,3-dichloropropene (DCP), the primary constituent of Telone® II, is a subsoil fumigant that has supplanted 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and ethylene dibromide (EDB) as primary fumigant in Hawaiian pineapple culture. To determine the potential for adverse health effects, an environmental survey was done to assess worker exposures. Exposures were predominantly below 1 ppm, which is the no-effect level determined with experimental animals, and the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).     

Insecticidal paint and fumigant canisters for Chagas' disease control: community acceptance in Honduras.

This study assessed public acceptance for two new vectorial control techniques for Chagas' disease: insecticidal paint and fumigant canisters. The study compared the two with traditional fenitrothion insecticide spraying. An experimental field study was performed in an endemic area of central Honduras from August to November 1992, a year after the initial application of the treatments. The objectives of the study were to determine the acceptability of the tools on the part of the population whose homes were treated, and on the part of the personnel applying the treatments. The sample size was drawn up according to a uniform protocol applied in six Latin American countries. For this study a total of 651 persons were surveyed in 15 rural communities. Along with the surveys, focus groups were used to collect information to learn the reasons for accepting or rejecting particular treatments. The survey was done with heads of households. Focus groups were done with heads of households and also with the field operators who applied the treatments. The research showed that insecticidal paint had a low level of community acceptance (28.8%). Field operators strongly disliked the paint because of problems with its transport, application, unpleasant smell, and very low effectiveness against triatomines and pest insects. The traditional insecticide was more acceptable to the community (93.9%) and to the field operators, especially for its strong effect against the triatomines and pest insects. The results showed that in order to increase the public acceptance for insecticidal paint, it would be necessary to make the paint easier to transport and apply and to increase its effectiveness. Because of their very low effectiveness, fumigant canisters did not represent an acceptable alternative for triatomine vector control. A public educational effort should be a component of any new control method developed.     

Occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene (Telone II) in Hawaiian pineapple culture

1,3-dichloropropene (DCP), the primary constituent of Telone II, is a subsoil fumigant that has supplanted 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and ethylene dibromide (EDB) as primary fumigant in Hawaiian pineapple culture. To determine the potential for adverse health effects, an environmental survey was done to assess worker exposures. Exposures were predominantly below 1 ppm, which is the no-effect level determined with experimental animals, and the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).