胸大肌肌皮瓣修复喉咽缺损的应用

目的探讨胸大肌肌皮瓣修复喉咽肿瘤术后组织缺损的疗效。方法收集1990年5月～2007年8月应用胸大肌肌皮瓣修复喉咽癌术后组织缺损患者59例。其中垂直半喉加部分喉咽切除23例,次全喉加部分喉咽切除12例,全喉切除加大部分喉咽切除10例,全喉加全喉咽和部分颈段食管切除14例,同期行颈廓清术109侧。手术后根据患者情况给予55～75 Gy的放射治疗。结果术后转移胸大肌肌皮瓣存活良好,成活率为96.6%。术后发生并发症11例,其中咽瘘6例占10.2%,胸部皮瓣边缘部分坏死3例占5.1%,胸大肌肌皮瓣坏死2例占3.4%。随访5年生存率35.6%。结论胸大肌肌皮瓣供区组织丰富、皮岛面积大且成活率高,修复喉咽肿瘤术后组织缺损取得了良好的效果,全部和部分喉功能保留率达到42.4%。     

改良胸大肌肌皮瓣在高风险头颈肿瘤患者术后缺损修复的应用

目的 总结改良带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣（PMMF）在高风险头颈肿瘤患者术后缺损组织修复中的体会和应用价值。方法选择我院2017年2月～2021年10月,17例头颈恶性肿瘤并均伴高风险（高龄、放疗后、糖尿病、心血管疾病、动脉硬化、周围血管病）患者,手术治疗导致头颈部、口腔颌面大范围缺损采用胸大肌肌皮瓣同期修复的效果观察。结果 17例均顺利完成手术并度过围手术期,1例（糖尿病酮症,血糖波动较大、血糖控制不理想）咽瘘,经积极换药,对症治疗后愈合,2例皮瓣远端局部坏死,换药,缝合对症治疗后愈合,1例（外院术后+放疗30次复发）术后下颌部皮瓣远端裂开、瘘,未完全愈合。1例皮瓣稍过臃肿,重建舌体偏健侧,自觉言语不清,有不适感,3个月后复查臃肿较前减轻,言语稍有不清但基本能听懂,亦无明显不适感,吞咽正常。1例术后颈部瘢痕挛缩至仰头不适,予二次手术松解后恢复良好。余病例组织缺损、伤口愈合,患者头颈部功能及语音与吞咽功能均修复。结论 改良胸大肌肌皮瓣（PMMF）血管恒定、制作简单,血供丰富、成活率高,供区位于头颈部放射野外,可为经放射治疗后头颈、口腔颌面区提供健康组织,组织量大,可做为高风险（高龄、放疗后、糖尿...     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤术后组织缺损修复中的应用

目的总结胸大肌肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤术后组织缺损修复中的应用。方法回顾性总结2 0 0 7年1月～2 0 1 0年1 2月收治的3 6例患者因头颈部肿瘤手术后巨大组织缺损应用胸大肌肌皮瓣进行修复的临床资料。结果 32例(88.9%)胸大肌肌皮瓣完全存活,4例(11.1%)胸大肌肌皮瓣远端部分坏死。经换药、口腔护理等对症支持治疗后愈合。结论胸大肌肌皮瓣是一种临床应用广泛的修复材料。它具有丰富的组织量和确切的血液供应,修复操作简单,易存活,适用于头颈部肿瘤扩大切除术后组织缺损的即刻修复。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在晚期喉癌手术中的应用

胸大肌肌皮瓣在晚期喉癌手术中的应用方平１张琨龄１自Ａｒｉｙａｎ１９７９年首次提出胸大肌肌皮瓣以来，该肌皮瓣在耳鼻咽喉———头颈外科达到广泛应用。我科采用该瓣修复晚期复发性喉癌切除后大面积的组织缺损，取得了较为满意的效果。报告如下。１临床资料与方法１...     

胸大肌肌皮瓣修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损10 例

我院于 1 991年 4月至 2 0 0 0年 9月采用胸大肌肌皮瓣 ( ｐｅｃｔｏｒａｌｉｓｍａｊｏｒｍｙｏｃｕｔａｎｅｏｕｓｆｌａｐ ,ＰＭＦ)修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损 1 0例 ,疗效满意 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1 　 一般资料1 0例均为男性 ,年龄 2 4～ 68岁。下咽鳞癌 5例 ,其中Ｔ4Ｎ2 Ｍ0 2例 ,Ｔ4Ｎ2ｂＭ0 2例 ,Ｔ4Ｎ1 Ｍ0 1例 ;口底鳞癌 (Ｔ4Ｎ1 Ｍ0 ) 2例 ,下牙龈鳞癌 (Ｔ4Ｎ1 Ｍ0 )和舌根横纹肌肉瘤 (Ｔ4Ｎ0 Ｍ0 )各 1例 ,腮腺癌(Ｔ4Ｎ2 Ｍ0 ) 1例。下咽癌均侵犯食管入口 ,腮腺癌侵犯局部皮肤红肿溃烂。1 .2 　 治疗方法5例下咽癌作了气管…     

带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣1期修复咽喉肿瘤术后缺损

目前 ,治疗咽喉部肿瘤多主张外科治疗或以外科为主的综合治疗。肿瘤切除后遗留局部巨大缺损 ,常牵涉口咽、喉咽、口腔和喉部缺损重建。如何迅速恢复术后的喉功能是保证和提高患者生活质量的重要条件。 1991年以来 ,我科对 18例咽喉部肿瘤切除后 ,利用带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣 (ｐｅｃｔｏｒａｌｉｓｍａｊｏｒｍｙｏｃａｔａｎｅｏｕｓｆｌａｐ ,ＰＭ ) 1期修复术后缺损 ,配合放疗和化疗 ,效果较满意。报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　 临床资料18例中 ,下咽癌 5例 ,均男性 ,年龄 4 4～ 6 5岁。ＵＩＣＣ(1997)肿瘤分期〔1〕:Ｔ3Ｎ1Ｍ0 1例 ,肿瘤位于右…     

胸大肌肌皮瓣手术的并发症

目的：为了正确预防处理胸大肌肌皮瓣手术的各种并发症。方法：本文系统回顾分析了胸大肌肌肌皮手术的并发症。并对其预防和处理办法做了详尽讨论。结果：在５０例胸大肌肌皮瓣手术中１５例发生了不同程度的并发症。其中咽瘘３例，皮瓣部分坏死３例，颈动脉破裂２例，食管吻合口狭窄３例，脱皮２例，胸壁血肿感脓肿形成１例，癌肿肌蒂部种植１例，结论：只要处理和治疗正确及时，各种并发症是可以治愈的。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在头颈部组织缺损修复中的应用

胸大肌肌皮瓣近年来被广泛地应用于耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,我科2000~2003年应用胸大肌肌皮瓣治疗各类病人10例,取得满意疗效。1资料与方法1.1临床资料10例中,男8例,女2例;年龄32~62岁,其中喉咽癌2例,喉癌部分切除加放疗后复发2例,上颌窦癌侵犯面颊部皮肤2例,颈部烧伤1例,电击伤1例,爆震伤合并感染1例,挫伤合并感染1例。1.2方法1.2.1缺损区处理恶性肿瘤病人首先行肿瘤切除术,肿瘤切除要彻底,决不可迁就皮瓣而遗留病变组织。切除时要有0.5~1.0 cm安全缘,切除后,生理盐水反复冲洗创面,对外伤而致组织缺损要彻底清创,用生理盐水、3%双氧水、庆大霉素…     

3例胸大肌肌皮瓣在喉癌、下咽癌手术缺损中的应用

胸大肌肌皮瓣于1979年Ariyan首次提出,迅速被临床证实为头颈部肿瘤手术后缺损的理想修复材料,其特点为一期提供较大面积的肌皮瓣行创面整复,功能重建。1996～1998年,我科应用该肌皮瓣修复喉癌、下咽癌手术缺损3例,取得良好效果,报     

Reconstruction of the hypopharynx with U-shaped pectoralis major myocutaneous flap after total pharyngo-laryngectomy

Resection of the whole circumference of the pharynx and esophagus is usually reconstructed with gastric pull-up, jejunum free graft or free forearm flap. The aim of this study was to assess the use of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for closure of total pharyngeal defect. In 11 patients with hypopharynx and larynx cancer, total pharyngo-laryngectomy and excision of the cervical part of the esophagus and neck dissections were performed; the defects were closed with pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps. The skin island was sutured to prevertebral muscles, forming a letter U shape. Good healing was obtained in six patients, and five patients developed fistula that closed spontaneously within 3–4 weeks. The use of U-shaped pectoralis major myocutaneous flap, suturing it to prevertebral muscles, gives good functional results, and it is a simple and time-saving second choice method of reconstruction of the pharynx after total pharyngo-laryngectomy.     

Treating tracheo-innominate artery fistula with interposition of a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap

Tracheo-innominate artery fistula (TIF) is an uncommon life-threatening complication of tracheostomy. A prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention can save the life of a TIF patient. Several methods of reconstructing the tracheal defect have been reported, but may not be available in the presence of extensive infection. We used a trough and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap to treat a TIF patient with a large tracheal defect and severe infection who had to be ventilated mechanically. This may be a useful option in the treatment of this rare, devastating complication of tracheostomy.     

Fracture of the clavicle following the island type of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of head and neck defect

Fractures of the clavicle following radical neck dissection (RND) and/or radiation therapy have been previously noted in the literature. Interestingly, we experienced three cases of clavicular fracture, which were considered to have resulted from pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMCF). All of these three cases had received the combined treatment of RND, PMMCF and postoperative radiotherapy on the side of fracture. In all three cases, ipsilateral lower neck received 4,500 cGy and island type of PMMCF was used for reconstruction of surgical defect in head and neck area. All fractures noted between 1 and 3 years postoperatively occurred on the medial portion of the clavicle. Devascularization after stripping of periosteum and altered mechanics of the clavicle following resection of clavicular head of pectoralis major muscle may contribute to develop this rare complication in addition to the effect of radiotherapy and RND. We present three cases of the clavicle fracture following the island type PMMCF with a review of literature.     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在头颈部组织缺损修复中的应用

目的　评价胸大肌肌皮瓣在头颈部各类病变术后组织缺损修复中的应用效果。方法　 1 998年 5月～2 0 0 3年 1 0月我科应用胸大肌肌皮瓣对 4 7例病人头颈部病变术后组织缺损进行Ⅰ期修复 ,皮瓣面积为5cm× 6cm～ 1 5cm× 30cm。结果　 4 4例 (93.6 %)胸大肌肌皮瓣完全存活 ,3例 (6 .4 %)胸大肌肌皮瓣部分坏死。结论　胸大肌肌皮瓣血供可靠、组织量多、修复操作简单 ,能满足头颈部各类病变术后组织缺损的修复。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣修复气管造口复发癌术后的缺损

目的分析胸大肌肌皮瓣在修复气管造瘘口复发癌术后缺损中的应用。方法回顾分析1998~2003年随访资料完整的12例气管造瘘口复发癌患者,其中Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型3例,均用胸大肌肌皮瓣修补术后缺损。对复发癌灶扩大切除,缺损处单纯以胸大肌肌皮瓣修复9例,胸大肌皮瓣联合断层皮片修补3例。结果重建的喉咽腔无狭窄,无吞咽困难。8例皮瓣I期存活,1例肌皮瓣皮肤远端轻度坏死,3例出现咽瘘。随访3年以上,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型中各有3例无瘤存活,其余6例在1~2年内死亡。结论胸大肌肌皮瓣血供可靠、修复操作简单、组织量丰富,对挽救瘘口复发癌手术后巨大缺损应用价值较高。     

Re-use of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for the treatment of recurrent hypopharyngeal stenosis following total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy: a case report

Management of recurrent hypopharyngeal stenosis following total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy is a challenging problem. Because of previous surgery, free flaps may not always be performed. We report a case of recurrent hypopharyngeal stenosis after a first attempt of reconstruction with a pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicled flap (PMMPF) failed. The problem was solved by reusing the previous PMMPF as a rotary door flap according to Eliachar and suturing it to the prevertrebral fascia according to Spriano. The follow-up is now of 9 months without recurrence. This new technique is described and discussed in comparison with other possible options.     

Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap: analysis of complications in difficult patients

The purpose of this study was to assess and discuss the effects of old age and systemic diseases on complications related to the use of a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) for reconstruction in head and neck surgery. Eighty-four consecutive patients, operated on between January 1992 and December 1998, were included in the study. Of these patients, 47 were in relatively good condition, while 37were old and frail or affected by systemic diseases. Patients were monitored for complications during a follow-up of 2 years. All patients included in the study had very advanced squamous cell carcinomas (T3-T4) and reconstruction with PMMF was performed after a commando procedure, a total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy, or a composite resection. Necrosis of skin island was the most frequently encountered complication, but no surgical intervention was needed. Overall, complications occurred more frequently in patients with underlying pathologies, the risk ratio adjusted for age and sex being 2.94, but 95% confidence intervals were 0.99–8.65 and all complications were minor. In summary, we recommend the use of PMMF for immediate repair in difficult patients who have large oro-pharyngo-laryngeal excisions and radical neck dissections and who suffer concomitantly with various medical problems known to increase complication rates. PMMF proved to be suitable to give these patients good chances of a quick recovery with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results. Received: 1 March 2001 / Accepted: 28 June 2001     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在侵犯下咽晚期头颈鳞癌手术切除术后缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨不同情况下应用胸大肌肌皮瓣(PMF)修复下咽颈食管区域重要和复合缺损的方法和可行性。 方法 采用PMF单独或联合其他修复方法,结合对修复方法的改良,采用不同方式修复晚期和复发性下咽癌和喉癌侵犯下咽颈食管区域手术切除术后下咽颈食管巨大和复合性缺损59例,缺损类型包括下咽颈食管部分缺损、下咽颈食管环周缺损以及下咽颈食管缺损合并颈前软组织巨大复合缺损。 结果 完成单纯PMF覆盖法26例,椎前筋膜游离植皮加PMF覆盖4例,PMF覆盖加颈前表面游离植皮2例,PMF覆盖下咽加胸三角皮瓣(DPF)修复颈前缺损2例,单纯PMF皮管16例,PMF皮管加肩胸皮瓣表面覆盖4例,胃上提加PMF覆盖3例,双岛瓦合PMF 2例。术后20例出现了不同程度并发症,除1例院内死亡外,其余均经妥善处理治愈,恢复吞咽功能。 结论 PMF适合各种情况的下咽颈食管缺损修复,特别是在颈部同时伴有巨大软组织复合缺损时,这种方法更具优越性。     

超声刀在胸大肌肌皮瓣中的应用优势

随着显微外科技术的发展和普及,胸大肌肌皮瓣（pectoralis major myocutaneous flap,PMMF）已经逐步被游离组织瓣替代,但是对于不愿意或不适合作游离瓣移植的患者,以及不具备显微外科技术的单位,PMMF依旧是头颈肿瘤术后缺损的可靠的修复方法之一。