分支杆菌分子分类鉴定研究进展

分支杆菌的菌种报道越来越多,迄今已达150种以上。结核分支杆菌与麻风分支杆菌是分支杆菌属内典型的、代表性菌种,其余菌种的命名既往五花八门,现统称为非结核分支杆菌(ＮＴＭ)。分支杆菌在生物学上已有公认的分类地位。其中,伯吉细菌分类鉴定系统是最具权威的且一直在沿用着,对包括分支杆菌在内的细菌分类、鉴定仍将发挥着巨大的作用。但这类传统的分类、鉴定系统主要以形态和生理生化特征的综合指标为依据,存在着很大的异质性,也不能揭露生物间的进化关系,是不太可靠的,而且须综合指标,操作繁杂,鉴定一种菌种费时约4周,有其局限性。因此,…     

抗分支杆菌药物研究进展

本文综述近年来抗分支杆菌药物研究进展。介绍了新利福霉素类药物、新氟喹诺酮类药物、新型大环内酯类药物以及吩嗪类药物在结核病和非典型分支杆菌病治疗中的作用。     

结核分支杆菌检测研究进展

耐药结核病，流动人口和HIV感染是当今控制结核病所面临的三大难题，其中耐药性是主要的。在耐药的分子机制研究方面，许多快速检测耐药性的鉴定方面，已由菌型的鉴定跨入菌株的鉴定。     

分支杆菌快速变色培养基应用初探

结核分支杆菌 (ＭＴＢ)的快速培养历来是国内外学者关注的热门课题[1 3]。本文报道了快速变色液体培养基临床应用结果 ,并与涂片和罗氏培养结果进行比较。材料与方法　 ( 1 )分支杆菌快速变色液体培养基由深圳怡百世公司提供。 ( 2 ) 50份待检患者痰标本取自我市肺科医院住院患者。其中肺结核 3 9例 ,非结核性呼吸系疾病患者1 1例。 ( 3 )痰涂片和罗氏培养按常规方法进行。 ( 4)变色液体培养基接种标本量为 0 4ｍｌ,3 7℃培养 ,每天观察结果 1次 ,4周仍无生长为阴性。若培养基变紫色 ,底层有紫色颗粒状沉淀 ,且无混浊现象为分支杆菌培养阳…     

分子生物学技术用于结核分支杆菌耐药性检测的研究进展

结核病的再度肆虐 ,其中主要的原因之一是结核分支杆菌耐药菌株的产生。尤其是耐多药结核病 (multi-DrugRe sistanceTuberculosis,MDR -TB)即至少耐异烟肼和利福平两种药或更多抗结核药的结核分支杆菌引起的结核病的出现 ,使得结核病的防治又多了一个难题。因此 ,进行好结核分支杆菌的耐药性监测和研究 ,对有效的防治结核病 ,尤其是指导临床用药上 ,具有极其重要的意义。结核分支杆菌的耐药性检测方法 ,即药物敏感试验 ,也经历了从传统的细菌培养法到分子生物学方法的发展过程。传统的药物敏感试验基本都是生长依赖性的 ,需要时间较长 ,…     

利用重组分支杆菌噬菌体快速筛选耐利福平结核分支杆菌

目的：采用基因工程技术构建的可表达荧光素酶的结核分支杆菌噬菌体进行结核分支杆菌利福平药敏试验研究,建立一种特异、灵敏、快速的利福平药敏试验方法。方法采用生物发光方法分别检测重组分支杆菌噬菌体对不同细菌在不同浓度利福平培养其中的发光水平,并与罗氏培养基进行药敏药比较。结果在不同细菌中,噬菌体均特异地对分支杆菌有发光反应,分支杆菌的养基进行药敏试验比较。结果在不同细菌中,噬菌体均特异对对分支杆菌有发光     

非结核分支杆菌耐药基因的研究进展

非结核分支杆菌(ＮＴＭ)病的治疗是一个相当棘手的问题,因其对大多数抗结核药物均不敏感。近年来,随着ＮＴＭ感染情况日益严重,对于非结核分支杆菌耐药性问题的研究,便成为目前迫切需要解决的问题。最近,国外学者在ＮＴＭ耐药性基因研究方面作了大量的工作,现将其研究进展作一综述。一、ＮＴＭ与耐异烟肼(ＩＮＨ)ＩＮＨ是结核病治疗最重要的一线药物,它主要是通过抑制细菌分支菌酸的合成而起作用。但对于ＮＴＭ来说,ＩＮＨ并不是一个敏感药物。早年认为:耻垢和金色分支杆菌的ＩＮＨ耐药性可能与ＫａｔＧ基因编码产物———过氧化物-过氧化氢…     

Rapid detection of mycobacteria in sputa using media supplemented with culture filtrate of Gemella haemolysans]

The effect of the culture filtrate Gemella haemolysans in enhancing mycobacterial growth has been previously demonstrated. In the present studies, an attempt was made to confirm whether the addition of the filtrate into the medium would be an effective method to promote the rapid detection of mycobacteria in sputum specimens of patients. One-hundred and one sputum specimens pretreated with NaOH were inoculated with various media (Dubos, Dubos-agar, 1% Ogawa, Kudo PD, and Middlebrook 7H9) supplemented with the culture filtrate of Gemella haemolysans grown in blood-BHI or blood-HEM at the dilutions of 1/32 or 1/64. Addition of the filtrate reduced the amount of time required to detect mycobacterial growth (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium complex, and M. kansassi) by an average of 60-70%. The media containing the filtrate formed significantly larger numbers of colonies compared with the control media, and those colonies inoculated developed more rapidly in size. The findings clearly indicated that the culture filtrate promotes the effective growth of mycobacteria which cannot or only slowly grows in ordinary media. Also indicated was that the addition of the culture filtrate of Gemella haemolysans into media provides as a useful tool to allow the rapid diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases.     

Ultrastructural organization of tuberculosis mycobacteria]

Methodological approaches--cryoultratomy and high-voltage electron microscopy of whole cell--have been used for studying the ultrastructural organization of the tuberculous mycobacteria of the virulent H37Rv strain and BCG vaccine strain. The anatomic difference has been found between the virulent and vaccine strains, which can undoubtedly be taken as a strain difference. The presence of a developed lipid capsule sheath has been confirmed and the size of separate mycobacterial species defined more accurately.     

Identification of mycobacteria by smear examination of the culture

Mycobacteria can be tentatively identified by the arrangement of the bacilli on smears made from the growth and stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method. The basis of this method is the presence or absence of cords with or without loose bacilli around. Agreement of a high degree (92.7 % to 97.0 %) was obtained between the identification of mycobacteria by this smear technique and by the niacin test. It is recommended that this simple procedure may be used for preliminary identification, especially in developing countries.     

丝虫蚊媒监测技术研究的进展

丝虫病严重危害人类健康。据ＷＨＯ最新估计 ,全球有淋巴丝虫感染者 1. 2亿[1] 。 1997年世界卫生大会通过“消灭作为公共卫生问题的淋巴丝虫病”的决议。ＷＨＯ要求到 2 0 2 0年全球淋巴丝虫病流行区人群微丝蚴或幼虫抗原血症率降至低于1‰ ,90 %淋巴肿患者得到照料和治疗[2 ] 。我国经过近 4 0余年的丝虫病防治工作取得了举世瞩目的成就[3 ] ,目前我国丝虫病防治工作已进入后期监测巩固阶段。检查蚊体内幼丝虫 ,确定其感染率和感染度 ,从而了解丝虫病传播强度和动态。评价丝虫病防治效果 ,是流行病学中非常重要的研究内容之一。长期以来 ,…     

Rapid genetic identification system of mycobacteria]

Rapid colorimetric hybridization method was applied for the identification of mycobacteria and phylogenetic detection and identification system of mycobacteria of polymerase chain reaction method was designed. Quantitative DNA-DNA hybridization in microdilution plate was used to identify 22 mycobacterial species. This method could identify 90% (178 among 194 trials) of clinical isolates within 3 hr. Ten percent of clinical isolates did not belong to any of the established 22 species. Through this work, we found Mycobacterium abscessus is genetically independent from M. chelonae and proposed M. abscessus as a distinct species. M. pregrinum had been classified as M. fortuitum, however, it was also found as a independent species. Thus the name M. peregrinum was officially revived and acquired the taxonomic position. Highly sensitive genetic detection system of mycobacteria was designed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Common mycobacterial sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene was first amplified by a single pair of PCR primers from staining negative sputum and the amplified DNA was identified by species specific DNA probe because the amplified fragment contained species specific sequence.     

志贺菌分子生物学检测技术研究进展

志贺菌是引起细菌性痢疾的主要致病菌,随着分子生物学的不断进步,志贺菌的快速检测方法得以迅速发展。本文主要从快速检测技术和病原体同源性分析两个方面论述志贺菌检测技术的研究进展。     

利什曼病疫苗研究进展

利什曼病是由利什曼原虫 (L eishmania)所引起的一组疾病 ,不同虫种的感染导致完全不同的临床表现。内脏利什曼病是致死性疾病 ,皮肤及皮肤粘膜利什曼病则可能造成广泛而严重的皮肤损害甚至留下疤痕。虽然从古代开始人们就想获得有效的疫苗 ,但直至体外前鞭毛体的培养成功后才揭开了抗利什曼病疫苗研究的序幕 ,而绝大多数的科学试验是立足于抗皮肤利什曼病。1　灭活疫苗 　将单纯灭活前鞭毛体接种人体以观察其保护作用及人体的免疫反应 ,试验结果显示 ,可诱导受试者对自然感染显著的保护性 ,同时提示皮试转为阳性可以作为获得保护性免疫的…     

异尖属线虫研究进展

本文主要从异尖属线虫的分类学、地理分布、以及异类线虫病3个方面论述了国内外异尖属线虫的研究进展，希望能够为防范异尖线虫病奠定基础。     

Protein antigens of mycobacteria studied by quantitative immunologic techniques.

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis has great resolving power in the demonstration of immunogenic constituents of mycobacteria. The pattern with multiple precipitate lines is highly reproducible and allows precise identification of components. After the isolation of individual proteins, immunologic specificity combined with molecular weight determination and N-terminal amino acid sequencing should be used to ensure consistent identification in different laboratories. Simultaneous quantification of individual proteins in sonicates of washed bacilli and culture fluids permits the determination of a localization index, which indicates whether the proteins are cytoplasmic constituents or actively secreted. Several "new," actively secreted proteins have recently been defined, and the role of these proteins in the interaction between the bacilli and the infected host is discussed.