GuttaFlow对根管充填封闭性能的体外研究

目的评价AHplus和Gutta Flow根管封闭剂的根尖和冠方长期封闭性能。方法收集人离体恒前牙80颗,根面处理后用手用镍钛锉预备后随机分为4个实验组即为:AHplus+牙胶尖侧压根管充填,7 d后(A组)、90 d后(C组)观察;以Guttaflow+主尖根管充填,7 d后(B组)、90 d后(D组)观察(每组20颗)。根充后用印度墨汁染色、脱矿、脱水、制成透明,在体视显微镜下测量染料从冠方和根尖渗入根管的长度。结果 4组根尖部的染料渗入长度为(0.67±0.67)、(0.51±0.76)、(3.07±1.09)、(2.10±0.59)mm,冠部微渗漏为(0.42±0.46)、(0.53±0.46)、(2.62±0.98)、(2.41±0.68)mm,A组与其他3组根尖部和冠部的染料渗入长度差异有统计学意义。结论 Gutta Flow+单尖法短期和长期冠部和根尖的封闭性很好,优于AHplus封闭剂。     

The apical sealing ability of a new root canal filling material

PURPOSE: To assess the apical sealing property of a new root canal filling material, Epiphany. METHODS: Seventy extracted maxillary and mandibular single-rooted teeth were used. They were randomly divided into three groups and obturated by lateral condensation with gutta-percha and AH 26/AH Plus sealers and Resilon core material and Epiphany sealer. Apical leakage was measured by the fluid-transport method. RESULTS: The differences in leakage among gutta-percha with AH 26, gutta-percha with AH Plus, and Resilon with Epiphany were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The teeth filled with gutta-percha/AH 26 displayed the most apical leakage. There were no differences between the Resilon/Epiphany and gutta-percha/AH Plus groups (P > 0.05).     

GuttaFlow充填系统根管封闭性能初探

目的评价GuttaFlow常温流动牙胶充填系统的根管封闭性能。方法30颗单根管牙沿釉牙骨质界截冠,采用冠向下法,使用ProTaper机用镍钛系统预备根管。随机分为3组,每组10颗,分别以GuttaFlow充填系统、冷侧压充填法、连续波热塑牙胶充填术充填根管。采用葡萄糖定量法测定第2、7、14、21、28天从冠方向根方渗漏的葡萄糖量。结果从实验第21天起,GuttaFlow充填系统的葡萄糖渗漏量要明显低于冷侧压充填法(P<0.05),而与连续波热塑牙胶充填术相比没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论GuttaFlow充填系统在观测期内具有较好的根管封闭性能。     

RealsealTM根管充填系统封闭性能的研究现状

良好的根管封闭是根管治疗成功的关键,这与根充材料的性能密切相关.RealsealTM作为一种新型根管充填材料,国外许多学者对其进行了多方面的研究,该文就该系统封闭性能方面的研究做一介绍.     

Sealing ability of a new polydimethylsiloxane-based root canal filling material

We tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the sealing ability of GuttaFlow, RoekoSeal, and AH26 in root canals. Sixty extracted mandibular premolars were filled with AH26 (lateral compaction), RoekoSeal, or GuttaFlow (modified single-cone). The sealing ability of the root canal fillings was measured weekly (4 weeks) by using a glucose penetration model. Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in glucose penetration between the experimental groups at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. Whereas GuttaFlow showed the highest amount of leakage at all times, AH26 showed the lowest. There was no significant difference between RoekoSeal-filled and AH26-filled root canals throughout the experimental period. AH26 showed better sealing ability in root canals than GuttaFlow.     

Assessment of the sealing ability of a new root canal obturation material

This study was designed to compare the leakage allowed by different obturation materials, using a fluid-transport method. Sixty-six single-rooted human anterior teeth were fully instrumented by using the "step-back" technique and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The smear layer was removed by washing in 10 ml of 17% EDTA. The specimens were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 18 teeth each, plus two groups of 6 teeth each for positive and negative controls. The specimens were obturated by the lateral condensation technique, with gutta-percha and AH 26 or AH plus sealers, or Epiphany sealer and Resilon core material. The fluid transport method used in this study gave quantitative results and allowed nondestructive evaluation of the specimens. The teeth filled with gutta-percha and AH 26 exhibited the most leakage. The least leakage was seen with Epiphany sealer and Resilon core material. The differences in leakage among the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that of the materials tested under the conditions of this study, Epiphany allowed the least leakage.     

Ion release characteristics, precipitate formation and sealing ability of a potential new root canal filling material

Aim To test a new polycaprolactone (PCL)/bioactive glass (BAG) composite as a root filling material capable of producing a seal under moist conditions by precipitation. Methodology Formulations of PCL/BAG composites were made using the solvent casting method and then modified into a form physically deliverable into root canals. Root canals of single‐rooted extracted human teeth were modified by de‐coronation and removal of the apical 2 mm of the root. Canal instrumentation was performed with gates glidden drills (1% NaOCl and 17% EDTA irrigation) to achieve a degree of standardization of shape. The canals were filled with the composites using warm vertical compaction (the composites are thermoplastic and behave like gutta‐percha) but without root canal sealer. A group of obturated teeth (n = 6 per composite formulation) was monitored for ion release (Na⁺, Ca²⁺, PO₄^3‐, P₂O₇^4‐, P₃O₉^3‐ and P₅O₁₀^5‐) into solution from the apical portion using ion chromatography. Three composite formulations were used to fill 10 roots each and half (n = 5) exposed to saline, whilst others were sectioned immediately; both were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate adaptation, precipitate and film formation. A further group of 30 roots was obturated to evaluate seal formation by dye penetration; a control group (n = 10) consisted of conventional gutta‐percha and Roth's sealer delivered in like manner to the test material; two test groups (n = 10 each) were obturated with a composite formulation producing the optimal precipitate, the apices of teeth in one group were immersed in saline for 7 days and the other not. Results All samples released various amounts of ions which followed inversely to the concentration of iron oxide within the bioactive glass. Adaptation of the experimental material was better than the gutta‐percha control groups. The formation of precipitate was evident in some specimens; in others film formation and dentine tubule entry by the material was observed. The dye penetration test showed that composite root filling specimens immersed apically in saline for 7 days had significantly less leakage (almost none) than those not immersed in saline at all (P < 0.001) or the gutta‐percha control (P < 0.001). Conclusions Polycaprolactone–bioactive glass composites may have potential as ‘sealer‐free’ root filling material because of their ion release, precipitate formation and short‐term seal.     

根管充填糊剂根尖封闭性的体外研究

目的：体外评价3种根管充填糊剂的根尖封闭效果。方法选取人离体下颌前磨牙68颗,截冠后随机分为A、B、C、D、E、F 6个组,其中A、B、C、D为实验组（每组12颗牙齿）,E和F分别为阳性和阴性对照组（每组各10颗牙齿）,所有样本均使用K3镍钛器械采用冠向下法完成根管预备后按如下方法进行根管充填：A、B组分别用树脂类根管充填糊剂AH Plus和生物陶瓷类根管充填糊剂iRoot SP行冷牙胶侧方加压充填;C、D组分别用生物陶瓷类根管充填糊剂iRoot SP和硅酮类根管充填糊剂Guttaflow行单尖充填;E、F组不添加糊剂只用牙胶尖侧方加压充填。将完成根管充填的实验组（每组10颗）和对照组浸入印度墨水中染色,其中4个实验组和阳性对照组在根尖孔周围2mm以外的牙体表面涂布2层指甲油,阴性对照组则在整个牙根表面涂布2层指甲油,采用透明牙法观察根尖微渗漏情况,使用imageJ软件测量并记录染色长度,并进行统计学分析;将剩余的样本横切后用扫描电镜对其截面进行观察。结果4个实验组所获得的浸墨长度分别为：A（1.02±0.46）mm, B（1.05±0.42）mm, C（1.02±0.45）mm, D（1.16±0.43）mm。4组浸墨长度之间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。扫描电镜观察各组根管充填糊剂和根管壁牙本质之间均有缝隙。结论3种根管充填糊剂均不能完全封闭根管,在根尖封闭效果上无明显差异。     

The effect of human blood on the sealing ability of root canal sealers: an in vitro study

The effect of human blood and moisture contamination on the sealing ability of six commonly used root canal sealers was studied. The materials tested--Tubliseal, Diaket, AH26, Nogenol, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers--were placed in root canals with laterally condensed gutta-percha. The specimens were immediately immersed in blood or saline solution or kept dry for 2 hours. All the teeth were then subjected to methylene blue dye for 1 hour. A comparison of the seal was made by observation of dye penetration around the filling materials. Under all conditions, Tubliseal exhibited the least amount of marginal penetration, followed by AH 26. There was no significant difference in the depth of dye penetration between Diaket and Tubliseal in dry and wet conditions. Although AH 26, Nogenol, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers showed comparable sealing ability under dry conditions, the sealing ability of AH 26 and Diaket was superior to that of Nogenol, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers in moisture contamination. A significant drop in the seals afforded by AH26, Diaket, Roth, and Endomethasone sealers was recorded when these materials were immersed in blood. On the other hand, immersion in blood caused no significant change in the sealing ability of Nogenol.     

生物根管封闭剂iRoot SP在根管根尖封闭中的应用评价

目的:分析生物根管封闭剂iRoot SP在扁形根管根尖封闭中的性能,为临床工作提供指导.方法:取48颗根管的近远中径与颊舌径之比小于0.5的单根管离体前磨牙,根管预备后,随机分为A、B、C3组,每组各16颗.分别选用Vitapex (A组)、AH Plus(B组)、iRoot SP(C组)作为根管封闭剂,结合连续波热牙胶垂直充填技术进行根管充填.所有样本经根尖染料渗透实验,采用透明牙技术,比较3组离体牙微渗漏情况,评价iRoot SP在扁形根管根尖封闭中的性能.采用SPSS19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:A组染料渗入深度显著大于B、C组,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05);B、C组染料渗入深度相比,无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:iRoot SP和AH Plus在扁形形根管根尖封闭中的性能接近,效果优于Vitapex根管充填糊剂.     

The sealing ability of GuttaFlow in oval-shaped canals: an ex vivo study using a polymicrobial leakage model

AIM: To compare systematically the sealing ability provided by four endodontic cements: AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, RoekoSeal and GuttaFlow. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 100 human mandibular incisors with oval-shaped canals was selected from an initial sampling of two hundred teeth. The root canals in 80 teeth were prepared and filled by the same operator using the cold lateral compaction technique with one of the following four cements (n = 20): G1: AH Plus; G2: Pulp Canal Sealer EWT; G3: RoekoSeal and G4: GuttaFlow. Ten teeth with intact crowns served as negative controls and 10 teeth that were not root filled served as positive controls. All teeth were mounted in a two chamber apparatus and then exposed to human saliva. The number of days over a 9-weeks-period was recorded for the appearance of turbidity in the BHI broth. A Log-rank test was used to analyse the leakage data. RESULTS: Overall, 30% of the samples of the AH Plus group (G1) and 35% of the Pulp Canal Sealer EWT group (G2) were fully contaminated after 9 weeks, whereas 15% of RoekoSeal (G3) and GuttaFlow (G4) groups were fully contaminated. There was a significant difference between (G1/G2) and (G3/G4) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between G1 and G2 or between G3 and G4 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The silicone-based sealers revealed the best results throughout the experimental period. Leakage patterns of AH plus and Pulp Canal Sealer were statistically similar.     

Comparative study of apical sealing ability of a new resin-based root canal sealer

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of two root canal sealers, Fibrefill (resin-based sealer) and calciobiotic root canal sealer (CRCS; calcium hydroxide-based sealer), with and without the presence of smear layer. The model used for the measurement of microleakage was a fluid transport model.Sixty human extracted teeth were used in this study. The teeth were divided into four groups and treated as follows. In group A, the smear layer was left intact, and canals were obturated with gutta-percha and Fibrefill. In group B, the smear layer was removed, and canals were obturated with gutta-percha and Fibrefill. In group C, the smear layer was left intact, and the canals were obturated with gutta-percha and CRCS. In group D, the smear layer was removed, and canals were obturated with gutta-percha and CRCS. Microleakage was measured at 7 days, 1 month, and 2 months.The results showed that the Fibrefill groups with and without smear layer leaked significantly less than the CRCS groups at all experimental times. No significant difference was found between the groups of same materials, but the microleakage values were less when the smear layer was removed.     

常温流动牙胶Guttaflow充填根管密合性的体外评价

目的 体外评价常温流动牙胶(Guttaflow)充填根管的致密性。方法 选择60个单根管下颌第一前磨牙,使用ProTaper冠向下法预备根管,然后随机分为3组进行根管充填。组1:以Guttaflow(加06锥度单牙胶尖)根管充填;组2:连续波热牙胶根管充填;组3:冷侧压法根管充填。然后在距根尖狭窄2、4、6、8mm处垂直于牙体长轴切开牙体,体视显微镜下观察切片中根管充填的情况,并采集图像,利用图像分析软件计算根管充填物中牙胶面积的百分比(PGP)。结果 在距根尖2mm和4mm处Guttaflow组的PGP明显高于热牙胶组和冷侧压组P<0.05),而热牙胶组和冷侧压组无显著差异(P>0.05)。在距根尖6mm和8mm处,Guttaflow组与热牙胶组无显著差异(P>0.05),但两者都高于冷侧压组P<0.05)。结论 Guttaflow根管充填法充填具有很好的密合性。     

GuttaFlow充填系统进行根管充填的临床疗效观察

目的：观察GuttaFlow充填系统充填根管的临床疗效。方法：将急、慢性根尖周炎或急、慢性牙髓炎患者的120个患牙,随机分成两组。根管预备后分别用氧化锌丁香油糊剂加牙胶尖的冷侧压法（对照组）或GuttaFlow充填技术加牙胶尖（实验组）进行根管充填。根充后即刻拍X线牙片评价根充效果,术后1周及半年评价其临床疗效。结果：两组病例根充后X线显示充填效果有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,随访半年的临床成功率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：GuttaFlow充填系统是一种高效、简便的根管充填技术,但是远期疗效还有待于进一步观察。