北京城乡良性前列腺增生发症的差异

中国农村前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）发症低于城市，对北京４０岁以上男性乡村４１３人、城镇４１９人的饮食结构和国际前列腺症状评分（Ｉ－ＰＳＳ）、生活质量评分（Ｌ）、最大尿流率（Ｑｍａｘ）、前列腺体积（Ｖ）、剩余尿（Ｒ）等进行比较，发现城市居民ＢＰＨ发病率高，摄取动物蛋白亦高。动物蛋白摄入量可能对ＢＰＨ发生有影响。     

前列腺增生症发病情况的调查

目的　了解常州及武进地区前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ） 的发病情况。　方法　调查该地区４０ 岁以上男性２ ４３３ 人的国际前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ） 、生活质量评分（Ｌ） 、最大尿流率（Ｑｍａｘ） 、前列腺体积（Ｖ） 及剩余尿（Ｒ）等情况,其中城镇职工１ ０８９ 人,农民１ ３４４ 人,测量１１８ 人血睾酮（Ｔ） 、双氢睾酮（ＤＨＴ） ,询问１ ９５７ 人性活动情况。　结果　ＢＰＨ 发病率占总调查人数（２ ４３３） 的２５．７ ％ ,城镇职工３０．４ ％ ,农民２１．９ ％ ;ＢＰＨ 组血ＤＨＴ 明显高于正常组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ;初次性交时间早及失去性功能年龄大者ＢＰＨ 发病率高（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。　结论　城镇职工ＢＰＨ 的发病率高于农民,血ＤＨＴ 升高与ＢＰＨ 的发生有关,初次性交时间早（ ＜ ２５ 岁） 及性功能维持年限长与ＢＰＨ 有关     

经尿道前列腺组织内消融治疗良性前列腺增生症（附36例报告）

１９９５年２～６月，对３６例ＢＰＨ患者进行了经尿道前列腺组织内消融治疗。经随访，２９例患者在尿流率、前列腺症状（Ｉ－ＰＳＳ）及生活质量（ＱＯＬ）评分等方面均有明显改善。为ＢＰＨ患者提供了又一新的非手术治疗方法。     

一氧化氮与前列腺增生膀胱颈梗阻关系的研究

目的：探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）与前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）膀胱颈梗阻（ＢＰＯ）发病的关系。方法：应用双波长分光光度法,组织化学法检测２０例存在ＢＰＯ及１０例正常前列腺组织中的ＮＯ合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及ＮＯＳ神经。结果：ＢＰＨ组织中的ＮＯＳ活性,ＮＯＳ神经的长度密度均较正常前列腺组织明显降低;ＮＯＳ活性,ＮＯＳ神经的Ｌｖ与ＢＰＨ患者的症状评分及反映ＢＰＯ客观指标的尿动力学参数相关。     

经尿道接触式激光,电极汽化及电汽化切割治疗前列腺增生？…

目的 比较经尿道接触式激光前列腺术（ＴＵＬＰ）、经尿道电极汽化前列腺术（ＴＶＰ）和民汽化切割前列腺术（ＴＵＥＶＡＰ）对衣性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）的治疗效果。方法 对７５８例ＢＨＰ患者采用３种术式，其中行ＴＵＬＰ者３８８例，行ＴＶＰ进２０３例，行ＴＵＥＶＡＰ者１６７例。结果 患者于术前后国际前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ）、生活质量评分（ＱＯＬ）、最大尿流率（ＭＦＲ）、剩余尿（ＰＶＲ）比较均得到显著改善（     

下尿路梗阻后膀胱睾酮受体的改变及与膀胱内氮能神经的关系

为探讨睾酮受体及与膀胱内氮能神经、尿动力学参数和年龄的关系,对１６例ＢＰＨ病人进行了研究。报告如下。材料和方法实验组为１６例经开放手术治疗的ＢＰＨ病人,年龄（６５３±５０）岁。国际前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ）（２０５±４２１）分。生活质量评分...     

前列腺增生组织中NOS神经的定量分析及意义

为探讨一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）与前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）及膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ）发病的关系，应用ＮＡＤＰＨ组化染色结合形态学定量分析方法检测ＢＰＨ及正常前列腺组织中ＮＯＳ神经，同时分析ＮＯＳ神经与ＢＰＨ临床表现的关系。结果：ＢＰＨ及正常前列腺组织中均存在ＮＯＳ神经，它们主要分布于间质平滑肌细胞周围，ＢＰＨ组织中的ＮＯＳ神经明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１），前列腺组织中ＮＯＳ神经的长度密度与ＢＰＨ的临床表现相关。结果认为：ＢＰＨ及ＢＯＯ的发病与前列腺组织中的ＮＯＳ神经减少有关     

排尿期尿道测压在BPH中的应用价值

目的探讨前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）致膀胱流出道梗阻（ＢＯＯ），及其相关问题。方法采用排尿期尿道测压（ＭＵＰＰ）检测４３例ＢＰＨ患者，以压力下降梯度（ＭＵＰＰＧ）计算梗阻程度，同时行膀胱等容收缩试验测最大逼尿肌等容收缩压（Ｐｉｓｏ）；进行国际前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ），经腹壁Ｂ超测前列腺体积（Ｖ）。结果４３例ＢＰＨ中３８例存在ＢＯＯ（８８％），梗阻位于膀胱颈部２８例（７７％）；ＭＵＰＰＧ与ＩＰＳＳ、Ｖ、Ｐｉｓｏ呈正相关。结论ＭＵＰＰ能检测并计算ＢＯＯ程度；ＢＯＯ是ＢＰＨ的病理基础，临床症状、逼尿肌代偿与其相关。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化切除术(附100例报告)

１９９６年１２月～１９９７年１２月，对１００例良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）行经尿道前列腺电汽化切除术（ＴＵＶＰ）。术后随访１～１２个月，患者在尿流率、国际前列腺症状（ＩＰＳＳ）、生活质量（ＱＯＬ）评分、剩余尿（ＲＵ）等方面均有显著改善。ＴＵＶＰ兼有经尿道前列腺电切及经尿道前列腺激光治疗的优点，具有操作简便、去除增生组织量大、出血少、并发症低、恢复快、疗效显著等特点，是值得推广的新方法     

组织内消融治疗症状性前列腺增生症远期随访报告

１９９５年２月，我科对３１例老年症状性前列腺增生症（ＳｙｍｐｔｏｍａｔｉｃＢＰＨ，ＳＢＰＨ）实施了经尿道前列腺组织内消融（ＴＵＮＡ）治疗，６～１８个月后症状评分均获明显改善，无并发症发生。为了观察ＴＵＮＡ长期效果，对其中１７例患者连续随访观察了３年，现将观察结果报告如下。１　资料与方法１．１　临床资料本组１７例，年龄６０～８７岁，平均７２．７岁。治疗前国际前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ）为２２．４６±１．４７分，生活质量评分（ＱＯＬ）为４．２５±０．６８分，最大尿流率（ＭＦＲ）为１０．２０±１．０４ｍ…     

皖南地区不同老年人群良性前列腺增生发病的差异及相关因素

目的 :探讨不同人群良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的发病差异的原因。　方法 :调查皖南地区 6 0岁以上 30 9例男性县处级干部和 314例贫困乡农民的前列腺体积 (V)、国际前列腺增生症状评分 (IPSS)、生活质量评分 (L)、最大尿流率 (Qmax)、剩余尿 (R)及饮食结构等进行比较。　结果 :饮食结构中县处级干部动物蛋白摄入量明显高于贫困乡农民 (10年前u =2 4 .10 ,P <0 .0 1,现在u =2 4 .10 ,P <0 .0 1) ,其BPH的发病率亦明显高于贫困乡农民(91.9%vs 11.8% ,χ2 =2 4 .6 4 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。Logistic回归分析表明BPH与动物蛋白摄入量呈正相关。　结论 :皖南地区城镇干部的BPH发病率明显高于乡村农民 ,此与动物蛋白摄入量有关     

Factors related to diabetes mellitus in Puerto Rican men.

Urban-rural comparisons of the prevalence of diabetes were made in a cohort of 2567 rural and 6190 urban participants aged 45 to 64, in the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program. The prevalence of diabetes in the urban population was more than double that in the rural. Consistent with this, blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in urban than in rural populations. The prevalence of diabetes increased with age and relative weight. It was associated with elevations of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting serum triglycerides. A positive family history was found more commonly in diabetics than in nondiabetics. If there was a history in both a sibling and a parent, there was at least a threefold increased prevalence over those with no family history. The reason for the higher prevalence of diabetes in the urban than in the rural area is elusive. In obese men, the urban and rural prevalence rates are the same, but, among relatively lean men, the prevalence in the urban area is twice that of the rural men.     

2010年北京地区18岁及以上人群腰痛患病率研究

 目的 了解2010年北京地区18岁及以上人群腰痛患病现状。方法 研究设计为横断面研究,采用多阶段抽样方法,于2010年12月对北京地区18岁及以上的常住居民腰痛患病情况进行问卷调查,计算腰痛总患病率、地区和人群(性别、年龄)腰痛患病率。不同性别地区患病率的比较采用卡方检验;不同年龄腰痛患病率采用趋势卡方检验;年龄组内某几组年龄患病率的比较采用分割卡方检验。结果 3860例研究对象纳入分析。腰痛年患病率为26.09%(1007/3860)。腰痛时点患病率为6.11%(236/3860)。腰痛持续时间< 3个月的患病率为16.76%(647/3860);3~6个月的患病率为4.12%(159/3860);≥6个月的患病率为5.21%(201/3860)。男性患病率(23.03%)低于女性(28.83%);中心城区(20.88%)低于郊县城区(29.88%)和农村(27.54%);对于男性,郊县患病率最高(28.42%),农村次之(23.47%),中心城区最低(17.48%)。对于女性,郊县和农村的患病率均高于中心城区。年龄越高,患病率越高,55~岁组男性患病率最高,60~岁组女性患病率最高;中心城区和农村60~岁组患病率最高(34.43%和48.68%),郊区55~岁组最高(47.26%)。结论 北京地区18岁及以上人群腰痛年患病率、时点患病率较高,慢性腰痛更突出,且分布范围广,腰痛在北京地区处于流行状态;腰痛患病率存在郊县和农村地区较高,女性较高,随年龄增加而升高的分布特征。     

天津市农村地区良性前列腺增生患病情况及相关因素调查

2006

中华人民共和国卫生部 卫生部在中国农村初级卫生保健发展国际研讨会上发出《北京倡议》 2007

新华社 陈冯富珍提出:卫生研究必须关注贫困人 2007

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Comparisons of the prevalence and correlation factors of chronic kidney disease between the old urban and rural residents in MinHang district of Shanghai

Objective To compare the prevalence and correlation factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in urban and rural areas in Minhang district of Shanghai through the social economic and clinical data of the elderly population. Methods Jiangchuan Street and Pujiang town were randomly selected to represent the urban and rural population in Minhang district of Shanghai, respectively. Based on the over-60-year old people health examination program, 6151 objectives with complete clinical-epidemiological data and bio-chemical index were investigated. The prevalence of CKD in urban and rural areas was compared, and the correlation factors for the urban and rural CKD were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results (1) The survey objectives with an average age of (69.57±7.04) years, including 4345 cases of the city residents and 1806 cases of rural residents, were enrolled. The age structures of urban and rural showed differences, population over 80 years old account for 13.1% of the rural total, significantly higher than 7.4% in the urban population (P＜0.001). (2) The prevalence rates of diabetes, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperlipidemia in urban residents were higher than those in rural residents, which were 26.4% vs 13.7%, 9.9% vs 2.3%, 53.7% vs 37.4%, 51.4% vs 15.6% (all P＜0.01). The awareness rates of kidney disease and hyperlipidemia showed significant differences in urban and rural areas, which were 32.9% vs 44.2%, 84.6% vs 62.8% (all P＜0.01). Compared with those in rural areas, the treatment rates of hypertension and high blood lipids in urban residents were increased (all P＜0.01). (3) The prevalence of CKD was 23.4%. Female CKD prevalence was higher than male, respectively 26.3% and 18.5% (P＜0.01). In urban CKD prevalence was 22.2%, lower than 25.2% in rural. The prevalence rate of hematuria in urban areas was lower than in rural areas, but the prevalence rate of decline in renal function was higher (all P＜0.05). With the increase of age, the prevalence rate of CKD was increased (P＜0.01). (4) Age (OR=1.072), smoking history (OR=1.543), previous history of kidney disease (OR=1.351), diabetes (OR=1.373), hyperuricemia (OR=2.498), obesity (OR=1.364), history of interventional therapy (OR=1.896) had positive correlation with CKD in city elderly population, while the higher education (OR=0.676, OR=0.604) and drinking (OR=0.585) had negative correlation (all P＜0.05). Age (OR=1.032), female (OR=1.860) had positive correlation with CKD in rural elderly population (all P＜0.05). Conclusions CKD has been a common chronic progressive disease of the aged in Minhang district. The prevalence of CKD is higher in urban areas than in rural. Age is a common factor for CKD in urban and rural. Previous smoking, history of kidney disease, diabetes, hyperuricemia, obesity, history of interventional therapy, education and drinking have correlation with urban CKD patients. Female has correlation with rural CKD population.     

The epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a case-control study in greater Athens, Greece. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 184 patients surgically treated for BPH within one year of its diagnosis (cases) and 246 patients with no symptoms of BPH who were treated in the same hospitals for minor diseases or conditions (controls). All cases and controls were permanent residents of the greater Athens area, Greece. The data were assessed using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: After controlling for age and education, cases and controls had similar distributions for height, body mass index, sibship size and birth order in the parental family, marital status, number of offspring and a series of previous medical diagnoses or surgical operations. The sole exception was surgery for haemorrhoids, that appeared to be related to the incidence of BPH, possibly by chance. There was no evidence that vertex baldness, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption or coffee drinking increased the risk for BPH. Men who had spent most of their lives in a rural rather than an urban environment appeared to be at reduced risk for BPH. CONCLUSION: The lifestyle factors assessed here have no major effect on the aetiology of BPH.     

Nutrition and urinary calcium stone formation in northwestern India: a case control study

The nutrient intake of 69 stone formers (SFs) from three subsets of the local population (urban 22, rural tribal 22 and rural nontribal 25) and 69 age, sex, weight and socioeconomically matched control subjects (NSs) (urban 20, rural tribal 22 and rural nontribal 27) was studied. Simultaneously their timed 24-h urine samples collected over a similar period were analyzed. In general caloric and protein intake was low in all the groups but was strikingly low in the rural subjects. Intake of all nutrients was lowest in the tribal group. Although no difference was observed in diet between NSs and SFs in the same population subjects, SFs had higher urinary excretion of oxalic acid and calcium and lower excretion of citric acid and excreted more saturated urine. Notably magnesium intake was normal in both NSs and SFs, but mean excretion of magnesium was lower than normal in all the groups, suggesting its defective absorption. The influence of dietary intake of protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, calcium and oxalic acid on urinary excretion of calcium, oxalic acid, uric acid, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium and citric acid was examined using the chi-square test. No association was observed, thus suggesting that this low nutrient intake did not influence the lithogenic process. Thus, the overall observations suggest: (a) poor nutrition, (b) no effect of diet on urinary stone disease, (c) no difference in the nutrient intake between NSs and SFs and (d) a higher excretion of promoters and a lower excretion of inhibitors in SFs than in NSs.     

Prevalence of and risk factors for nocturia: Analysis of a health screening program

BACKGROUND: We examined the prevalence of and risk factors for nocturia in Kurashiki city and the surrounding area, a rural area in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data on 6517 individuals (4568 men and 1949 women) who participated in a multiphasic health screening. We analyzed the relationships between nocturia assessed by a questionnaire (voiding twice or more during night) and other variables including age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic renal failure, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), smoking habit and alcohol intake. RESULTS: Overall, 1856 individuals (28.5%) answered that they arose to urinate at least twice during the night. This rate increased with age from 16.5% in individuals younger than 50 to 60.0% in those older than 69. Logistic regression analysis revealed that cohorts of subjects 50-59, 60-69, and 70 years old or over had, respectively, 1.75, 3.35, and 6.21 times the prevalence of nocturia of the 49 years or younger cohort. Hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.64) and DM (OR 1.70) were other independent positive risk factors for nocturia. On the other hand, current smokers who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day were less likely to have nocturia than non-smokers (OR 0.72). In male individuals, BPH was another independent positive risk factor (OR 1.35). Gender was not associated with nocturia. CONCLUSIONS: Although population bias is an important limitation to this study, nocturia is associated with various factors suggesting that multiple approaches are needed to the treatment of patients with nocturia.     

Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence for a possible association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the use of biomass fuels for cooking and heating in developing countries. Data on the prevalence of COPD and objective measurements of indoor pollution from biomass fuel have not been widely available from China. A study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of COPD in two study communities in Guangdong province in China and to measure the association between COPD and indoor biomass fuel air pollution. METHODS: A cluster disproportional random sampling survey was performed in populations aged over 40 years in urban (Liwang) and rural (Yunyan) areas in Guangdong, China. Spirometry was performed in all subjects and a post-bronchodilator ratio of the forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity of <0.70 was defined as COPD. Measurements of indoor and outdoor air pollutants were also performed in a random sample of households. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of COPD in the two areas (Liwang and Yunyan) was 9.4%. The prevalence of COPD in both the whole population and a subpopulation of non-smoking women in rural Yunyan was significantly higher than in urban Liwang (12.0% vs 7.4%, and 7.2% vs 2.5%, respectively). The use of biomass fuel was higher in rural Yunyan than in urban Liwang (88.1% vs 0.7%). Univariate analysis showed a significant association between COPD and exposure to biomass fuel for cooking. Multivariate analysis showed a positive association between COPD and urban/rural area (surrogate for fuel type and local exhaust ventilation in kitchen) after adjustment for sex, age group, body mass index, education, occupational exposure, respiratory disease in family, smoking status, life quality and cough in childhood; similar results were found in non-smoking women. Pollutants measurements showed that concentrations of carbon monoxide, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 相似文献