北京市住院高血压患者心脏舒张期顺应性下降的危险因素分析

该文了解住院高血压患者的心脏舒张期顺应性改变与年龄、血压水平、及各研究因素之间的关系,分析可能影响心脏舒张功能的相关因素。方法:应用回顾性研究的方法调查北京市20家三级医院住院高血压患者2971例,通过调查表获得一般情况、血压水平、遗传史、用药史、血生化、超声心动图等指标。结果:在超声心动图检查左心室射血分数(LVEF)≥45%的2971例患者中,左心室舒张早期二尖瓣最大血流速度和舒张晚期二尖瓣最大血流速度之比(E/A)异常的1793例(60.4%)。回归分析显示,年龄、动脉粥样硬化斑块、早发心血管病家族史、糖尿病史、左心室舒张末期…     

北京市住院高血压患者心脏舒张期顺应性下降的危险因素分析

该文了解住院高血压患者的心脏舒张期顺应性改变与年龄、血压水平、及各研究因素之间的关系，分析可能影响心脏舒张功能的相关因素。方法：应用回顾性研究的方法调查北京市20家三级医院住院高血压患者2971例，通过调查表获得一般情况、血压水平、遗传史、用药史、血生化、超声心动图等指标。结果：在超声心动图检查左心室射血分数（LVEF）≥45％的2971例患者中，     

高血压病程对左室肥厚和功能的影响

采用超声心动图对高血压病患者进行检测，以观察不同病程对左室肥厚（LVH）及功能参数的影响。高血压甲组（病程≤10年）及乙组（病程＞10年）的室间隔厚度（IVSTd），左室后壁厚度（PWPd）、左室舒张期内径（LVEDD）和左室重量指数（LVWI）均明显高于血压正常组。高血压乙组的IVSTd，LVEDD和LVWI亦明显高于甲组。高血压组IVH总的检出率为40．8％。甲、乙两组分别为33．3％和48．9％，LVH类型在两组间无明显差别。高血压甲、乙两组的左室舒张功能受损，主要表现为二尖瓣舒张晚期血流速度峰值（A）增加,E／A比值减少（E为早期峰值）。高血压乙组的左室射血分数（LVEF）较正常血压组低，甲组与正常血压组无差别。结果揭示，高血压病程是影响LVH和左室功能的一个重要因素。     

老年高血压患者的血压控制现状及影响因素分析

目的分析老年高血压患者的血压控制现状及影响因素,指导老年高血压患者的综合防治。方法回顾性分析老年高血压患者2593例,依据血压控制情况分为血压控制正常组(853例)和高血压组(1740例)。所有患者均进行了超声心动图检查,测定左心室二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值(E)和舒张晚期血流峰值(A)比值(E/A)及LVEF等指标。结果2 593例老年高血压患者服药率和血压控制率分别为94.4%、32.9%。6种常用的降压药物中应用较多的是利尿剂、钙离子拮抗剂、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂。1988例(76.7%)合并有吸烟史、血脂异常、高血压家族史、肥胖等危险因素。超声心动图检查心脏收缩功能异常率17.2%、E/A比值异常率27.6%。单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,血压控制正常组和高血压组动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、体重指数、TC、HDL-C和左心室后壁等6项指标差异有统计学意义。结论老年高血压患者血压的控制并未有随着服药数量的增加而改善。应该对合并的危险因素及临床情况、生化指标及心脏的结构和功能异常等进行综合防治。     

心电图QRS波群离散度与老年高血压患者左心室构型及功能的关系

目的 探讨心电图QRS波群离散度（QRSd）与老年高血压患者左心室构型及功能的关系。方法 选择2019年1月至2021年12月金华市第二医院收治的110例原发性高血压患者作为高血压组，同期50例健康体检者作为对照组。采用心电图测定两组受试者QRSd，超声心动图检测舒张末期室间隔厚度（IVS）、左心室后壁厚度（LVPW）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左心室质量指数（LVMI）等左心室构型指标及左心室短轴缩短率（FS）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、舒张早期二尖瓣口最大血流速度/舒张晚期二尖瓣最大血流速度（E/A）、舒张早期二尖瓣口血流峰值速度/瓣环运动峰值速度比值（E/e’）等左心室功能指标，采用Pearson相关性检验分析QRSd与左心室构型指标、功能指标的相关性；评估高血压患者左心室肥厚及左心室舒张功能不全情况，采用受试者特征工作曲线（ROC）分析心电图QRSd评估左心室肥厚、左心室舒张功能不全的价值。结果 高血压组QRSd、IVS、LVPW、LVEDD、LVMI、E/e’高于对照组，FS、E/A等指标低于对照组（t=19.249、10.979、...     

高血压病患者动态血压参数与左心室舒张功能相关

目的:探讨高血压病患者动态血压参数与左心室舒张功能的相关性。方法: 入选原发性高血压患者137例,询问病史、体检并采用超声心动图测收缩末期左、右心房内径、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）。左心室舒张功能测定用二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值速度/舒张晚期血流峰值速度（E/A）值,以评价左室舒张功能。根据E/A值的大小将原发性高血压患者分为两组,E/A≥1组视为左心室舒张功能正常组（n=54例）,E/A<1为左心室舒张功能不全组（n=83例）。患者均行24h动态血压及血生化检测。结果: (1)左心室舒张功能不全组的24h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、LVEDD明显高于功能正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。（2）偏相关性分析显示左室舒张功能与LVEDD、24hSBP呈显著正相关（r值分别为0.70,0.40,P<0.01）。结论: 高血压病患者动态血压参数与左心室舒张功能相关。     

男性高血压患者的血压控制现状及影响因素分析

目的分析男性高血压患者的血压控制情况及影响因素。方法回顾性分析男性高血压患者2 159例,记录年龄、血压水平、早发心血管病家族史、体质量指数、吸烟史、血生化指标、相关靶器官损害及并存疾病等。所有患者均进行了超声心动图检查评价心脏的结构和功能。结果2 159例男性高血压患者服药率和血压控制率分别为92.3%、32.9%。降压药物中应用较多的是利尿剂、钙离子拮抗剂、血管紧张素受体拮抗剂和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂。1 716例（79.5%）合并有高血压家族史、吸烟史、血脂异常、糖尿病史等危险因素。合并高血压家族史、动脉硬化的客观证据及脑卒中病史的患者血压不容易控制;冠心病患者的血压相对控制较好;高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症患者血压控制较差;超声心动图检查左心室舒张末径、室间隔肥厚、左心室射血分数降低与血压控制不良相关。结论男性高血压患者的服药率较高,血压控制率较低,血压的控制并未有随着服药数量的增加而改善,与合并的危险因素及临床情况、生化指标及心脏的结构和功能有关。     

老年高血压患者的血压控制现状及影响因素

该文分析老年高血压患者的血压控制现状及影响因素，指导老年高血压患者的综合防治。方法：回顾性分析老年高血压患者2593例，依据血压控制情况分为血压控制正常组（853例）和高血压组（1740例）。所有患者均进行了超声心动图检查，测定左心室二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值（E）和舒张晚期血流峰值（A）比值（E／A）及左室射血分数（LVEF）等指标。结果：老年高血压患者2593例服药率为94．4％，     

脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图检测肥胖患者心脏结构和心功能

目的:应用脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图检测超重和单纯肥胖患者的心脏结构和心功能,以探讨单纯肥胖患者早期心脏功能的改变。方法:根据体重指数将143例无其他心血管疾病者分为正常体重组(体重指数18.5～23.9kg/m2,n=57),超重组(体重指数24.0～27.9kg/m2,n=53),肥胖组(体重指数≥28.0kg/m2,n=33),比较各组间左心房内径(LAD)、室间隔(IVS)厚度、左心室后壁(PW)厚度、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室重量(LVM)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值(E)和二尖瓣舒张晚期血流速度峰值(A);脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图测量二尖瓣环侧壁收缩期运动峰速度(Sm)及二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度(Em),E/A,E/Em的差异,并分析这些指标与体重指数的相关性。结果:与正常体重组比较,超重组左心房内径增大、室间隔增厚,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与正常体重组比较,肥胖组左心房内径、舒张末期室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心室重量均增加,二尖瓣环侧壁收缩期运动峰速度、二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度下降,而E/Em增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。心脏结构和心功能变化与体重指数的相关性:左心房内径,舒张末期室间隔厚度,左心室后壁厚度,左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、左心室重量与体重指数呈正相关,传统的表示左心室收缩功能和舒张功能的超声参数左心室射血分数、E/A与体重指数均无相关性,而脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图参数二尖瓣环侧壁收缩期运动峰速度、二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度与体重指数呈负相关,E/Em与体重指数呈正相关。结论:单纯肥胖可导致左心房内径、左心室壁厚度、左心室内径增加,而脉冲波组织多普勒超声心动图能够早期检测出肥胖所致的亚临床收缩及舒张功能的改变。     

超声心动图评价高龄高血压患者左心室收缩与舒张功能

目的探讨超声心动图各指标评估高龄老年高血压患者左心室不同构型的收缩与舒张功能的临床价值。方法将高龄老年原发性高血压患者153例,按Ganau法分为4组:正常构型组(47例)、向心性重构型组(35例)、向心性肥厚型组(33例)和离心性肥厚型组(38例);另选无心肺疾病的患者65例为正常对照组。超声心动图测量舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVS)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、左心室内径(LVEDD)、二尖瓣血流频谱图舒张早期与晚期血流峰值比(E/A)、LVEF及Tei指数。结果正常对照组及以上4组E/A均<1;离心性肥厚型组LVEF明显降低(P<0.05),正常构型组、向心性重构型组、向心性肥厚型组比较无显著差异;以上4组Tei指数与正常对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),但4组间比较无显著差异,Tei指数和E/A无相关性,Tei指数和LVEF呈负相关(r为-0.594,P<0.001)。结论Tei指数较E/A及LVEF更能全面评价高龄老年高血压患者心脏的收缩和舒张功能。     

高血压患者248例心脏结构和功能的分析

目的对248例并发其他心血管疾病的高血压病患者的心脏结构和功能进行分析。方法通过填表的方式将患者的临床资料收集起来,结合超声心动图结果,运用SPSS11.5软件统计包对数据进行处理。结果在这248例患者中,左房增大占48.4%,左室增大占19.4%,二者同时增大占12.9%,室间隔增厚占28.2%;舒张功能减退患者占58.4%,收缩功能减退患者占14.5%;心脏舒张与（或）收缩功能减退者与心功能正常者相比,左房、左室有明显增大;高血压病史≥1年的患者其心脏结构异常及舒张功能减退的发生率明显高于病史<1年的患者;血压达标患者与未达标患者相比,后者心脏结构及功能的异常发生率高于前者。结论高血压患者出现左房、左室增大,室间隔增厚的心脏结构改变,并伴有一定程度的心脏功能下降,高血压病程及达标与否对高血压患者的心脏结构和功能是有影响的。     

速度向量成像技术评价心血管疾病高危病人左心室收缩功能的临床研究

目的应用速度向量成像(VVI)技术评价心血管疾病高危病人左心室收缩功能,并分析其与心血管疾病高危因素的关系。方法选取85例心血管疾病高危病人为高危组,同期健康体检者50名为对照组,常规超声心动图获取左房收缩末期内径(LAESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)及左室射血分数(LVEF)。并采集心尖四腔、三腔、二腔长轴二维图像,测量各节段及整体纵向收缩峰值应变(GLS),分析左心室GLS与三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及收缩压、舒张压的相关性。结果高危组各亚组LVEF、LVEDD、LAESD、IVS、LVPW值与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);高危组左心室GLS(21.83±1.80)%,小于对照组的(23.00±1.97)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,左心室整体平均纵向应变值与TG、LDL-C及收缩压、舒张压均无明显相关性(r=-0.148,P=0.086;r=-0.168,P=0.052;r=-0.098,P=0.260;r=-0.075,P=0.386)。结论VVI可通过心肌纵向应变评价左室心肌的收缩功能,发现心血管疾病高危病人的亚临床左心收缩力异常。     

老年高血压合并糖尿病患者的心肾功能改变

目的 探讨老年高血压合并糖尿病患者的心脏结构和功能及肾功能的改变及其临床意义.方法 对206例老年患者依据病史分为单纯高血压组(A组)、高血压合并糖尿病组(B组),另选103例健康体检者为对照组(C组),观察上述患者的收缩压及舒张压,空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血尿酸、肌酐、血清胱抑素、24小时尿微量白蛋白水平以及超声心动测量指标包括左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、相对室壁厚度(RWT)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、E/A值.结果 B组患者的血尿酸水平及尿微量白蛋白阳性率明显高于另外两组(P＜0.05),B组患者的FBG,PBG及HbA1c均显著高于其他两组(P＜0.05),A组及B组患者的LVEDD,IVST,LVMI,RWT及PWT水平明显高于C组,并且B组患者的LVEDD,IVST,LVMI,PWT及RWT水平明显高于A组患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组及B组患者的E/A值明显低于C组(P＜0.05).并且B组患者的E/A值低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于老年高血压合并糖尿病患者而言,血糖紊乱可能与左心室肥厚及舒张功能下降有关,临床中对高血压合并糖尿病患者应给予积极控制血糖,同时加强对多重危险因素的综合干预,才能减少心血管并发症的发生,并改善预后.     

Impaired systemic arterial compliance in borderline hypertension

Arterial compliance was evaluated by pulse wave velocity, pulse pressure/stroke volume, and by an exponential analysis of the diastolic blood pressure decay curve in three groups of normotensive, borderline hypertensive, and established essential hypertensive patients. Two of the above three indices reflected significantly impaired arterial compliance in borderline hypertension, and all three indices were distinctly abnormal in patients with established hypertension. A close correlation among the three indices was observed in the entire study population. Multiple regression analysis indicated that age (p < 0.005), systolic (p < 0.005) and diastolic (p < 0.025) pressure were independent determinants of pulse wave velocity; other factors such as total peripheral resistance, pulse pressure, and stroke volume were not. We conclude that arterial compliance becomes impaired early in hypertensive cardiovascular disease at the time when arterial pressure may be only slightly elevated. Thus structural alteration of the arterial wall can be demonstrated in borderline hypertension. Age, systolic and, to a lesser degree, diastolic pressures are the best determinants of arterial compliance in large vessels and are therefore important risk factors for evolving systemic arterial disease in essential hypertension.     

Relations between vasoactive hormones and diastolic function in hypertensive uraemic patients

Background. Arterial hypertension is a significant risk factor for the high rate of cardiovascular disease in chronic uraemic (CU) patients. Any role that hypertension may play in CU patient outcomes assumes added significance. The elevation of some hormonal factors in early clinical stage could represent a valuable marker of cardiac disease in CU. Aim. This study first investigated the role of several hormones on cardiac diastolic properties in CU patients. Moreover, the study investigated the association of hypertension with both diastolic function and release of vasoactive hormones in CU patients. Results. We have reported that the early impairment of diastolic function is correlated with the elevation of both circulating plasma atrial natriuretic factor and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in hypertensive CU patients. Since the effect of ET-1 on diastolic function is still poorly understood, we have investigated also this issue. In eight additional patients with reduced E/A ratio, but without uraemia, hypertension or chronic heart failure, we have showed a high inverse correlation between the values of E/A ratio and ET-1 plasma concentrations. Conclusions. These results strongly suggest that the elevation in ET-1 levels was correlated with diastolic dysfunction in man. This phenomenon may have important pathophysiological implications suggesting the possibility of an early therapeutic approach in these patients.     

Echocardiographic parameters in athlete and nonathlete offspring of hypertensive parents

BACKGROUND: According to several reports, some cardiovascular signs of hypertension (left ventricular [LV] hypertrophy, impaired diastolic filling) can be found in the normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents. It is also well known that regular physical exercise decreases the risk of hypertension. AIM: The aim of the present study is to determine whether or not regular physical training influences these early hypertensive traits in the offspring of hypertensive parents. METHODS: Echocardiographic data of 215 (144 males, 71 females) 22- to 35-year-old nonathlete and athlete offspring of hypertensive (positive family history, FH+) and normotensive parents (negative family history, FH-) were compared in a cross-sectional design. RESULTS: In the nonathlete FH+ males and females, LV dimensions were not larger than in the FH- subjects. The E/A quotient was lower in the FH+ subjects in both genders. Absolute and heart rate adjusted isovolumetric relaxation times were slightly longer in the FH+ men than in their FH- peers. No differences were seen between athlete FH- and FH+ subjects. CONCLUSION: Regular physical exercise decreases the incidence of the adverse cardiac signs, which can be associated with hypertension in the normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents.     

原发性高血压患者心肌能量消耗水平变化与左心室舒张功能的关系

目的探讨左心室舒张功能障碍与舒张功能正常的原发性高血压患者心肌能量消耗(MEE)水平的不同及其临床意义。方法选取原发性高血压患者128例,分别用组织多普勒和脉冲多普勒成像技术测量左心室舒张功能指标二尖瓣环舒张早期及舒张晚期运动速度之比(E'/A')、二尖瓣口舒张早期及舒张晚期血流速度之比(E/A)以及F/F';同时测量心脏结构指标、收缩功能指标,计算左心室收缩末周向室壁应力(cESS)、MEE。根据E'/A'将患者分为Gl组(E'/A'≥1)和G2组(E'/A'<1),根据E/A分为G3组(E/A≥1)和G4组(E/A<1),根据E/E'分为G5组(E/E'≥8)和G6组(E/E'<8)。结果 G2组左心房内径、左心室内径、室间隔厚度、左心室后壁(PWTd)、左心室质量指数、cESS及MEE明显高于G1组,LVEF明显低于G1组(P<0.01);G4组年龄、PWTd明显高于G3组;G6组体重指数、短轴缩短率、LVEF明显高于G5组,左心房内径、每搏输出量及左心室射血时间、心率、cESS及MEE明显低于G5组。双变量相关分析显示,E'/A'、E/E'与cESS、MEE等各指标间均有相关关系。结论左心室舒张功能障碍的原发性高血压患者MEE水平明显高于舒张功能正常的原发性高血压患者。     

Diastolic dysfunction in hypertension

Heart failure is one of the most common causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and hypertension is the most common cause of cardiac failure. Recent studies have shown that isolated diastolic dysfunction very often accompanies hypertensive heart disease. Ventricular diastolic function may be divided into an active relaxation phase and a passive compliance period. These two components have been investigated invasively, and they remain the gold standards for the study of diastolic function. However, in the routine clinical setting, echocardiographic and Doppler techniques are most useful for evaluating ventricular filling. Thus, analysis of E and A waves of mitral flow have provided important and useful information. Unfortunately, these indices depend on too many factors. Newer indices obtained from ventricular time intervals, tissue Doppler imaging, and color M-mode echocardiography have enhanced the means to assess diastolic function. In addition, new methods including MRI and cine CT have also provided better understanding of left ventricular filling in hypertension. Using these techniques, diastolic dysfunction has been found to be common in patients with hypertension, even before left ventricular hypertrophy is demonstrable and before hypertension in young, normotensive male offspring of hypertensive parents has developed. Furthermore, it has been made clear recently that myocardial ischemia and fibrosis are two important factors associated with diastolic dysfunction in hypertension.     

Prognostic significance of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in essential hypertension

OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the prognostic value of alterations in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with essential hypertension. BACKGROUND: Alterations in LV diastolic function are frequent in patients with hypertension, even in the absence of LV hypertrophy, but their prognostic significance has never been investigated. METHODS: In the setting of the Progetto Ipertensione Umbria Monitoraggio Ambulatoriale (PIUMA) study, we followed, for up to 11 years (mean: 4.4 years), 1,839 Caucasian hypertensive patients (50 +/- 12 years, 53% men, blood pressure (BP) 156/98 mm Hg) without previous cardiovascular events, who underwent Doppler echocardiography and 24-h BP monitoring before therapy. The early/atrial (E/A) mitral flow velocity ratio was calculated and corrected for age and heart rate (HR). RESULTS: During follow-up, there were 164 major cardiovascular events (2.04 per 100 patient-years). The incidence of cardiovascular events was 2.47 and 1.65 per 100 patient-years in patients with an age- and HR-adjusted E/A ratio below (n = 919) and above (n = 920) the median value, respectively (p < 0.005 by the log-rank test). In Cox analysis, controlling for age, gender, diabetes, cholesterol, smoking, LV mass and 24-h systolic BP (all p < 0.05), a low age- and HR-adjusted E/A ratio conferred an increased risk of cardiovascular events (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 to 2.18, p < 0.01). A 21% excess risk was found for each 0.3 decrease of the adjusted E/A ratio (95% CI from +2% to +43%; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Impaired LV early diastolic relaxation, detected by pulsed Doppler echocardiography, identifies hypertensive patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Such association is independent of LV mass and ambulatory BP.