肺癌患者红细胞CR1基因密度型分布与红细胞免疫变化的研究

目的检测３２例肺癌患者红细胞ＣＲ１基因密度型分布、红细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞功能及ＳＯＤ酶活性、β－内啡肽含量。方法ＰＣＲ法检测红细胞ＣＲ１基因密度多态性；红细胞花环法检测红细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞能力；放免法测定ＳＯＤ酶活性；ＲＩＡ法测定β－内啡肽含量。结果经与３１例正常人比较显示：肺癌患者ＣＲ１基因密度多态性分布与正常人不一致（χ２＝３．１９，Ｐ＜０．０５）；红细胞免疫功能及ＳＯＤ酶活性较正常人明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；β－内啡肽较正常人明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时还发现肺癌患者的红细胞粘附肿瘤细胞功能与ＳＯＤ酶活性呈正相关（ｒ＝０．３９．Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能低下；ＳＯＤ酶活性降低；β－内啡肽含量升高有部分与红细胞ＣＲ１基因密度型改变有关     

早老素1基因多态性与Alzheimer病的相关研究

目的探讨中国人群中早老素１（ＰＳ１）基因多态性与Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病（ＡＤ）的相关情况。方法应用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）和限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）方法,观察了５８例早发性ＡＤ患者、６５例迟发ＡＤ患者、１５７名正常人中的ＰＳ１多态性分布,并对ＡＤ与ＰＳ１基因的各等位基因和基因型进行关联分析。结果（１）早发ＡＤ患者中,ＰＳ１基因２／２型频率显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;等位基因１频率显著升高,等位基因２频率显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。迟发ＡＤ患者与正常对照之间不存在ＰＳ１等位基因和基因型分布的差异。（２）早发ＡＤ与ＰＳ１等位基因１正关联（ＲＲ＝２．２９,Ｐ＜０．０５）,与等位基因２（ＲＲ＝０．４４）和２／２基因型负关联（ＲＲ＝０．２３,Ｐ＜０．０５）;迟发ＡＤ与ＰＳ１各等位基因及等位基因型之间无明显关联。（３）ＡｐｏＥε４型、早发性及女性ＡＤ患者与ＰＳ１基因的相关性尤为显著。结论中国人群中ＰＳ１基因多态性可能仅与早发ＡＤ之间具有关联,而与迟发ＡＤ无关;这种关联具有年龄、性别差别     

阿尔茨海默病患者早老素-1基因与ApoE基因关联分析

目的：探讨早老素－１（ｐｒｅｓｅｎｉｌｉｎ－１,ＰＳ－１）基因第８外显子３’端内含子,Ａｐｏｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因等位基因多态性相互作用在散发性阿尔茨海默病（ｓｐｏｒａｄｉｃ Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ’ｓ ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＳＡＤ）发病机理中的作用。方法：应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性方法检测了７５例ＳＡＤ患者和７３名正常老年人的ＰＳ－１基因第８外显子３’端内含子、ＡｐｏＥ基因等位基因多态性分布。结果：ＰＳ－１、ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与ＳＡＤ发病有明显关联：ＳＡＤ发病与ＰＳ－１基因的等位基因２呈明显负关联,等位基因１呈明显正关联。ＳＡＤ发病与Ｅ２等位基因呈明显负关联,与Ｅ３、Ｅ４等位基因无关联。ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性和ＳＰ－１基因多态性相互作用对ＳＡＤ发病无明显影响。结论：ＰＳ－１基因的等位基因２和     

广东汉族类风湿关节炎某些易感基因研究

为了探讨类风湿关节炎（ＲＡ）的遗传易感基因，用多聚酶链反应－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＣＲ－ＰＡＧＥ）和银染色作ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１基因分型，对１０６例健康人和５０例ＲＡ患者进行检测。结果显示：广东汉族共检出６种ＤＱＡ１等位基因，ＲＡ患者组ＤＱＡ１＊０１０１等位基因显著增高（ＲＲ＝２．３３４、Ｐ＜０．００５、ＥＦ＝０．１５４）；ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２明显减少（ＲＲ＝０．０６８、Ｐ＜０．０１、ＰＦ＝０．５７７）；对ＲＡ组中的３１例ＤＲ４阳性患者的ＤＱＡ１基因分析显示，ＤＲ４与ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１连锁的频率显著高于健康人组（Ｐ＜０．００５）。提示ＤＱＡ１＊０１０１对ＲＡ有易感作用，而ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２有遗传抵抗作用；ＤＱＡ１和ＤＲ４基因型检测可能为预测ＲＡ易感者和估计预后提供理论依据。     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者与HLA-DRB1等位基因相关性分析

目的：探讨东北地区汉族人ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１等位基因与慢性肾功能衰竭的遗传关联。方法：应用聚合酶链反应－序列特异性引物（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ）分型技术,对４４例慢性肾功能衰竭患者以及３３６例正常人ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１等位基因进行分析,结果：慢性肾功能衰竭患者ＤＲＢ１＾＊０７０１的基因频率较正常对照组明显增高,且有非常显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．００１,ＲＲ＝４．７６,Ｐｃ〈０．０１）;患者组的ＤＲＢ１＾＊１２０１、１２     

中国汉人HLA—DQA1基因对类风湿关节炎的遗传易感性研究

用ＰＣＲ－ＰＡＧＥ方法，结合高灵敏的银染色作ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１等位基因分型，研究ＤＱＡ１基因对类风湿关节炎（ＲＡ）的遗传易感性。选择无亲缘关系的广东籍汉族健康者１０６例和５０例ＲＡ患者。发现该方法测的６种ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１等位基因中，ＲＡ组ＤＱＡ１＊０１０１（２７％，ＲＲ＝２．３３４，Ｐ＜０．００５，ＥＦ＝０．１５４）等位基因明显增高；而ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２（１％，ＲＲ＝０．０６８，Ｐ＜０．０１，ＰＦ＝０．５７７）明显下降；ＤＱＡ１的２种纯合子基因型（０１０１／０１０１和０３０１／０３０１）在ＲＡ组明显增高（Ｐ值分别小于０．０２５和０．００５）。上述结果显示：ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１＊０１０１对ＲＡ有遗传易感作用，ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２等位基因有遗传抵抗作用；ＤＱＡ１基因型的检测对预测ＲＡ易感者和判断预后及疗效可能提供理论依据。     

中国南方汉族人群HLA—DQB1基因对系统红斑狼疮的易感性研究

应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ核苷酸分型方法，探讨了我国南方浙江沪汉族人群ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＢ１基因多态性与系统红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）的遗传关联性，对４８例ＳＬＥ患者的血样分析表明，ＳＬＥ患者具有显著高的ＤＱＢ１＊０６０１等位基因频率（３０．２１％，ＲＲ＝２．８９１９，Ｐｃａｒｒ＝０．０１１２，ＥＦ＝０．２０），ＤＱＢ１＊０６０１可能是一易感基因，而ＤＱＢ１＊０３０１（２．０８％，ＲＲ＝０．１１０８，Ｐｃｏｒｒ＝０，     

广东汉族人类风湿关节炎易感性与HLA-DRB1基因相关性研究

目的探讨ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１基因与类风湿关节炎（ＲＡ）相关性。方法采用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ方法对４７例广东汉族人ＲＡ患者进行ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１基因分型，并与相应人群健康者１０２例结果比较。结果ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ４基因在ＲＡ组显著增高（３５．１％，ＲＲ＝３．５５，Ｐ＜０．００５，ＥＦ＝０．２５２），ＤＲ１６在ＲＡ组也高于正常（ＲＲ＝２．５７，Ｐ＜０．０５）；而ＤＲ９基因在ＲＡ组显著减少（Ｐ＜０．００５）。３１例ＤＲ４＋患者患病年龄较早，病情较重（类风湿因子阳性率和Ⅱ期ＲＡ骨关节Ｘ线改变者显著高于ＤＲ４－患者，Ｐ值分别＜０．０５和０．０２５）。结论广东汉族人ＲＡ易感性与宿主ＤＲ４基因密切相关，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ４可能是一个对判断病情和预后有价值的实验指标。     

用PCR—SSP方法研究广西壮族HIL—DQA1和B1基因多态性

目的 检测广西壮族ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１，Ｂ１基因的多态性。方法 应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ方法对１４０名健康、无血缘关系广西壮族人的ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１和ＤＱＢ１进行基因分型。结果 共检出７个ＤＱＡ１等位基因和１６个ＤＱＢ１等位基因。在检出的ＤＱＡ１等位基因中，０３０１的基因频率最高（３５％），０４０１的基因频率最低（１．１％）。在ＤＱＢ１等基因中，０６０１（２２．１％），０３０１（２０．７％），０５０１（１３．     

HLA－DRB1等位基因与中国湖北汉族人SLE关联的研究

在国内首次借助ＰＣＲ／ＳＳＰ技术对５２例湖北汉族人ＳＬＥ患者进行了ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１基因型别分析。结果发现，实验组ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１＊０３０１基因频率为２４％，表型频率为４４．２％，ＲＲ＝４．７６，χ２＝２１．２，Ｐ＜０．０１；其它等位基因频率在实验组与对照组间差异无显著性。该结果提示ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１＊０３０１基因与ＳＬＥ有关联     

Screening of two mutations at exon 3 of the apolipoprotein E gene (sites 28 and 42) in a sample of patients with sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease

The search for further variation at the APOE gene in a sample of patients with sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related controls revealed two different mutations in the exon 3 of the gene. One, the Leu28-->Pro, always found on an APOE e(*)4 allele, was present in five of the 94 patients and in 1 of the 157 controls. The other, Thr42-->Ala, found on an e(*)3 allele, was observed in only one AD patient, who also carried the Leu28-->Pro, but in none of the controls.In the AD patient group the allele e(*)4(-), corresponding to Leu28-->Pro, showed a frequency of 0.027, compared with only 0.003 in the controls. Compared to E3/3 and E3/2 genotypes, the risk of developing AD associated with the genotypes carrying the e(*)4 allele, the well-established risk allele for AD onset, was observed to be high (OR=3.16; 95% CI=1.62-6.20; P=0.0009), but the risk associated with genotypes carrying the Leu28-->Pro mutation was higher still (OR=10.95; 95% CI=1.25-95.75; P=0.015). The higher risk associated with this mutation was assessed by meta-analysis carried out using the data of three patient groups from a previously published study Kamboh et al. and from our study. The results indicated that, compared with all the other APOE genotypes, those carrying the Leu28-->Pro mutation were at a substantially higher risk of developing AD (OR=4.25; 95% CI=1.21-14.97).     

Activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors induces a long-term enhancement of excitatory postsynaptic currents mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors in the rat hippocampus

Besides apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism, whose association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been confirmed in most of the numerous population samples studied, other markers have been investigated. In most cases the association firstly described was not confirmed in subsequent works. Since it is important to examine these associations in as many populations as possible, we investigated APOE, APOC1, APOC2, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin (ACT) and presenilin-1 (PS-1) polymorphisms in a series of elderly patients with late-onset sporadic AD from Northern Italy and in a sex and age-matched control group. We could not confirm the significantly higher frequency of the ACT*A allele among carriers of APOE e*4 allele described elsewhere, although a similar trend was observed. The APOC2 and the PS-1 distributions were similar between patients and controls. However, we observed a significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies of APOE and APOC1: patients had higher e*4 and C1*2 allele frequencies. This finding confirms the important role for APOE in AD occurrence. In addition, APOC1 seems to be an interesting marker because, though in strict linkage disequilibrium with APOE, it seems to play an independent role in AD risk. In contrast to previously reported data, plasma apoE concentrations were similar in patients and in controls. An interaction between APOE and APOC1 polymorphisms and apoE levels was observed in patients: subjects carrying the APOE E3/E2 or the APOC1 2-2 genotype have higher apoE concentrations than those who do not.     

Short arm of chromosome 11 and sporadic Alzheimer's disease: catalase and cathepsin D gene polymorphisms

Catalase (CAT) -262 C/T promoter (rs1001179), cathepsin D (CTSD) exon 2 (rs17571), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms were studied in 242 patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 421 unrelated age-, sex-, and ethnically matched control subjects from Apulia (Southern Italy). No statistically significant differences in CAT rs1001179 and CTSD rs17571 genotype and allele distribution between AD cases and healthy controls were observed for the whole AD sample, and when AD group was categorized by age at onset in early- and late-onset AD subsets. Furthermore, we did not find any statistically significant differences in rates between CAT rs1001179 and CTSD rs17571 genotypes and AD controlling for APOE e4 allele status. Our data, at present, do not support a role of two gene polymorphisms of the short arm of the chromosome 11, the CAT rs1001179 and CTSD rs17571, as a possible susceptibility factors for sporadic AD.     

No association between alpha-1-antichymotrypsin polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in Koreans

To examine the possible involvement of the alpha-1-antichymotrypsin gene (ACT) polymorphism in the manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we analyzed genotypes of the ACT and apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) among 110 Korean patients with probable AD and 209 nondemented controls. No significant difference was obtained in genotypic (chi(2)=1.98, df=2, P>0.1) and allelic frequencies (chi(2)=1.61, df=1, P>0.1) of ACT between the AD and control groups. No overexpression of the ACT A/A genotype and ACT A allele was found when we analyzed the late-onset AD patients and the early-onset AD patients, separately. Then we stratified the ACT genotypes based on the presence or absence of the APOE epsilon4 allele to evaluate the possible interaction between them. In the APOE epsilon4-negative subjects, although the ACT A allele tended to be overexpressed in the AD group, the differences in the frequencies of the ACT A allele (chi(2)=2.79, df=1, P>0.1) and ACT A/A genotype (chi(2)=0.16, df=1, P>0.1) were not statistically significant. No significant overrepresentations of the ACT A allele (chi(2)=0.02, df=1, P>0.1) and ACT A/A genotype (chi(2)=0.17, df=1, P>0.1) were found in the APOE epsilon4-positive subjects, either. In addition, the status of the ACT genotype did not influence the age-at-onset of AD (F=0.03, df=2, P>0.1). Therefore, the ACT polymorphism does not contribute to the development of AD independently or interactively with the APOE epsilon4 allele in Koreans.     

Different implication of NEDD9 genetic variant in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disease. Recently, two studies reported inconsistent results on a possible involvement of the NEDD9 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9, 6p25-p24) as a candidate gene for the risk of developing AD and/or Parkinson's disease (PD). We analyzed the distribution of the rs760678 SNP polymorphism in 735 Italian subjects: 214 unrelated sporadic late-onset AD patients (LOAD, 64.5% females, mean age-at-onset 71.8 ± 5.2 years), 135 early-onset AD patients (EOAD, 57.3% females, mean age-at-onset 57.5 ± 5.5 years) and 386 healthy controls (68.9% females, mean age 83.4 ± 17.9 years; SD). We observed a statistically significant difference between LOAD patients and controls according to genotypes (P = 0.016) and allele frequency (P = 0.007); CC genotype was more frequent in LOAD cases (44.4%) than controls (36.0%). No difference after stratification of the data in terms of gender and status of the APOE ?4 allele was observed. In conclusion, our data do support an implication of the NEDD9 allelic variant in late-onset AD, with an independent effect of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ?4 allele in the risk of developing AD.     

The H+ allele of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) HindIII intronic polymorphism and the risk for sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease

A sample of 243 Italian patients affected by the sporadic late-onset form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was studied for the HindIII intronic polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and compared with a sample of 148 healthy subjects. Since this polymorphism has been reported to be associated with CAD and because the two pathologies share common aspects, we decided to study it in AD too. We found a difference in the allele distribution, in that the H+ allele was more frequent in patients (0.782) than in controls (0.720); this difference was not quite significant (P = 0.059). The odds ratio from the logistic regression analysis for the H+ carrying genotypes was 2.7 (95% CI = 1.01-7.21; P = 0.048). When the separate genotypes H+H+ and H+H- were entered into the analysis, only H+H+ was found to significantly increase the risk with respect to H-H- (P = 0.029). This means that carrying this allele significantly increases the risk of developing AD, and the risk is mostly associated with the H+H+ genotype.     

Analysis of alpha-1 antichymotrypsin,presenilin-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme,and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase loci as candidates for dementia

The genetic factors which predispose individuals to dementia in old age have not been fully defined. Although the apolipoprotein E4 allele accounts for a proportion of the genetic risk for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), it is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause this disease. Recent suggestions that other loci are involved in dementia risk have been supported by findings of associations of genotypes at the alpha-1 antichymotrypsin (ACT) and presenilin-1 (PS-1) loci with AD. We investigated these loci in two community-based aged Cambridgeshire populations: the rural Ely population (cohort 1) comprised 60 pairs of demented and nondemented elderly individuals, with a mean age of 84.2 years; and the Cambridge city population (cohort 2) comprised 81 pairs all over age 84, with a mean age of 87.3 years. Since vascular risk factors are likely to impact on dementia risk, we also examined the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes as candidates. ACE, ACT, PS-1, and MTHFR genotype and allele frequencies were not significantly different in cases and matched controls. These data support the doubts which have been raised about the involvement of the PS-1 and ACT polymorphisms in late-onset dementia. Am. J. Med. Genet. 74:207–212, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

α-共核蛋白基因启动子区微卫星多态与晚发散发性帕金森病的关联研究

目的　探讨α 共核蛋白基因启动子区微卫星多态与晚发散发性帕金森病 (Parkinson’sdis ease ,PD)发病风险间的关系。方法　采用扩增片段长度多态方法和微卫星荧光标记 半自动基因分型技术 ,对上海汉族 13 5例晚发性散发性PD患者和 170名正常人进行α 共核蛋白基因微卫星多态分析 ,并通过比值比 (oddsratios ,OR)与PD进行相关分析。结果　病例 对照组间各等位基因频率分布差异有显著性( χ2 =14 .73 ,df =7,P =0 .0 4)。PD组 2 69bp等位基因频率最高 ( 0 .3 89) ,对照组中 2 71bp等位基因频率最高 ( 0 .3 5 9)。≤ 2 67bp等位基因与PD呈正关联 (OR =5 .2 2 8,95 %CI :1.2 48～ 2 7.2 0 2 ,χ2 =6.416,P =0 .0 11) ,而 2 73bp等位基因与PD呈负关联 (OR =0 .63 8,95 %CI :0 .44 0～ 0 .92 6,χ2 =5 .64 4,P =0 .0 18) ;病例 对照组间各基因型的分布差异无显著性 ( χ2 =16.3 68,df =12 ,P =0 .175 )。但含有≤ 2 67bp等位基因的基因型可增加PD的发病风险 (OR =4.5 94,95 %CI :0 .94～ 2 2 .49,χ2 =4.2 2 4,P =0 .0 4)。PD组杂合度为 40 % ,对照组为 5 0 %。结论　α 共核蛋白基因启动子区的微卫星多态与晚发性散发性PD的发病风险有关。