Laryngeal myxoma

Myxoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor that is especially uncommon in the head and neck. We report a case of a myxoma of the larynx in a 70-year-old man, which, to our knowledge, is the second case reported in the English-language literature. Although benign, myxomas have a propensity for local recurrence due to their tendency to infiltrate surrounding tissues. They commonly appear encapsulated, but simple enucleation is not adequate treatment; excision should include a margin of normal tissue around the tumor.     

声带息肉诊断与治疗

声带息肉是引起声音嘶哑的常见疾病之一,主要由于错误发声和用声不当等原因导致,目前我国主要以手术治疗为主,保守治疗为辅。手术治疗主要为声带内侧微瓣膜切除术,保守治疗包括基础行为干预、心理干预、声休和嗓音训练等方面。本文就目前声带息肉的诊断与治疗进展进行综述。     

Maxillary myxoma in children

Myxoma of the maxilla is a rare, slowly growing, benign mesenchymal tumor. Pathologically, it may be difficult to differentiate from other tumors with myxoid stroma and is occasionally misinterpreted as malignant. This tumor is particularly uncommon in children; in a search of the literature, we were able to document only 17 cases of myxomas in the maxilla in patients aged 14 years or less. This report on two children with myxoma of the maxilla emphasizes the importance of including myxoma in the differential diagnosis of children with maxillofacial tumors, and underlines the difficulties in making a correct diagnosis.     

Intramuscular myxoma presenting as a rare posterior neck mass in a young child: case report and literature review

Intramuscular myxoma (IMM) is an uncommon benign tumor that presents as a slow-growing, deep-seated mass confined to the skeletal muscle. Histologically, these lesions most resemble umbilical cord tissue. They are generally found in the proximal thigh, gluteal region, or shoulder girdle and are exceedingly rare neck masses in the pediatric population. These tumors most often present as painless, deep-seated intramuscular masses that may exhibit symptoms of compression of surrounding structures.(1) I report a case of a 22-month-old girl with an IMM in the posterior cervical triangle.     

Nerve sheath myxoma of the upper lip: a case report

Nerve sheath myxoma is a benign tumor that rarely occurs in the lip area. In this article, a 28-year-old woman admitted with a complaint of painless swelling in the upper lip is presented. The lesion was excised, and histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. There are only five reported cases in the available literature. Although very rare, nerve sheath myxoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lip mass and widely excised to avoid local recurrence. The patient is under clinical control with no signs of recurrence after 16 months.     

Laryngeal carcinoma presenting as a large anterior neck abscess

Laryngeal carcinoma presenting as a cervical abscess is rare, so that its diagnosis is not easy. We described a case of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a prelaryngeal large abscess. Markedly swollen false vocal fold inhibited fiberscopic examination of the vocal folds. CT scan indicated destruction of the thyroid cartilage. Although biopsies from the abscess did not reveal malignancy, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed by laryngomicrosurgery with laryngeal vestibulectomy. The patient was treated by total laryngectomy with neck dissection followed by radiotherapy. The abscess was thought to be formed not by direct extension and necrosis of the tumor, but by the leakage of air and mucus through the fistula on the destroyed thyroid cartilage. Precise observation and biopsy under directscopic vestibulectomy played an important role in diagnosis of malignancy inherent in severe inflammatory tissues.     

Carcinoid Tumors in the Middle Ear:a Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction Middle ear carcinoid tumor (MECT) is a rare formof neoplasm. Since the first case of MECT was reportedby Murphy et al. in 1980 (Murphy et al, 1980), therehave been only forty-six cases of MECT reported in theliterature (Ramsey et al, 2005), with only three cases re-ported in China (Feng et al, 2001; Zhang et al, 2005;Chan et al, 2005). We present here a case of primaryMECT, which was initially diagnosed as inflammatoryaural polyp. The literature is reviewed. Clinical,his…     

Esthesioneuroblastoma: cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and widespread metastasis

Esthesioneuroblastoma, a tumor of neural crest origin arising in the nasal cavity, is uncommon, may be difficult to diagnose, and frequently is not cured. We report a case that was originally diagnosed as an inflammatory polyp and recurred with extension into the anterior cranial fossa. Surgery and radiotherapy were followed by local recurrence and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Despite initial negative results of investigation for metastases, recurrence appeared in cervical nodes and was followed by widespread bone, soft tissue, and cerebral metastasis. There was no response to multiple-agent chemotherapy. The results of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in this rare and lethal tumor are reviewed.     

Intramuscular myxoma of scalene muscle: a case report

Intramuscular myxoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor that commonly occurs in the larger skeletal muscles, and is rare in the head and neck. A case of intramuscular myxoma in the scalene muscle is described. This is the first report of this tumor arising in that muscle. It is difficult to diagnose pre-operatively from clinical features, CT scan and ultrasonography of the neck because of the lack of characteristic manifestation or radiographic features. Intramuscular myxoma has an infiltrative tendency, so there are several reports of recurrence because of incomplete excision or enucleation. In our case no recurrence was observed for 4 years, since the tumor was removed with the muscle adherent to it.     

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the larynx: clinicopathologic features and histogenesis

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is extremely rare in the larynx and can mimic a malignant process. We present the case of a 62-year-old male who required tracheotomy due to rapidly progressive stridor. Laryngoscopy showed an exophytic, occlusive tumor located in the right true vocal cord. CT showed an expansive mass measuring 2 x2 x1.3 cm3 and occupying the anterior commissure, with glottic progression to the right true vocal cord. The tumor was completely resected with a CO2 laser via a transoral approach. Histologic examination demonstrated extensive ulceration with the presence of granulation tissue. The specimen was mainly composed of spindle cells arranged in a fasciculated pattern with a myxoid background and focal hyalinization. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positivity of spindle cells to vimentin, muscle-specific actin and smooth muscle actin. The patient showed no evidence of disease 24 months after surgery.     

An analysis-by-synthesis approach to the estimation of vocal cord polyp features

This paper deals with a new noninvasive method of estimating vocal cord polyp features through hoarse-voice analysis. A noteworthy feature of this method is that it enables us not only to discriminate hoarse voices caused by pathological vocal cords with a single golf-ball–like polyp from normal voices, but also to estimate polyp features such as the mass and dimension of polyp through the use of a novel model of pathological vocal cords which has been devised to simulate the subtle movement of the vocal cords. A synthetic hoarse voice produced with a hoarse-voice synthesizer is compared with a natural hoarse voice caused by the vocal cord polyp in terms of a distance measure and the polyp features are estimated by minimizing the distance measure. Some estimates of polyp dimension that have been obtained by applying this procedure to hoarse voices are found to compare favorably with actual polyp dimensions, demonstrating that the procedure is effective for estimating the features of golf-ball–like vocal cord polyps.     

电子喉镜下巨大声带息肉摘除术

目的：探讨电子喉镜下巨大声带息肉摘除术的可行性及疗效。方法：选择巨大声带息肉患者10例,3例伴有I度呼吸困难,在表面麻醉电子喉镜下行声带息肉摘除术。结果：8例一次性完成手术, 2例分两次完成手术,所有患者无手术并发症,术后3个月的嗓音评价及嗓音测试表明,患者嗓音完全恢复正常。结论：电子喉镜下声带巨大息肉摘除可行,但需充分掌握手术技巧,联合应用表麻药,在做好气管切开的准备情况下进行手术。     

Extracardiac juvenile rhabdomyoma of the larynx: a rare pathological finding

The extracardiac juvenile rhabdomyoma is extremely rare in the field of Otorhinolaryngology. The tumour usually arises from the soft tissue of the face or from mucosal sites, especially the oropharynx and the oral cavity but only sporadic endolaryngeal cases have been described in literature so far with predominance of young males. Here, we describe the very rare case of endolaryngeal extracardiac juvenile rhabdomyoma in a 42-year-old male. Clinical examination showed a mass of the right vocal cord, resembling a cystic lesion. Microlaryngoscopy revealed a non-encapsulated lesion and histopathology including immunohistochemistry which consecutively led to the correct diagnosis. This case suggests that the endolaryngeal extracardiac juvenile rhabdomyoma can be easily confused with a vocal cord cyst. Malignant transformations have not been reported but recurrences have been described. When total excision cannot be accomplished, reoperation or narrow follow-up is indicated to prevent advanced revision surgeries.     

Adult rhabdomyoma of the larynx.

A case of rhabdomyoma of the larynx in a 76-year-old woman patient is reported. The tumor was localized on the left vocal cord. This case is, so far described, the seventh one of adult rhadbomyoma of the larynx. The differential histological and histochemical diagnosis with granular cell myoblastoma is discussed and tabulated. Both tumors can easily be confused. In accordance with previously reported cases no evidence of recurrence after more than two years could be observed.     

Odontogenic myxoma of the maxillary

INTRODUCTION: Odontogenic myxoma is a rare benign tumor that arises from the mesenchymal portion of the tooth germ. It has a va-riable non-specific clinical and radiological appearance, and may be confused with other lesions such as ameloblastoma. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a young, African male patient with a large odontogenic myxoma of the maxillary. The patient presented a painless firm swelling of the left maxillary. The radiograph showed a radiolucent lesion that was compatible with several diagnoses. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features. This tumor is locally aggressive, inducing important facial deformation and tooth displacement. Radical treatment with surgery or prosthesis is needed due to the high rate of recurrence.     

Clinical assessment of intralaryngeal ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical use of intralaryngeal ultrasonography. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted of 16 patients with laryngeal lesions treated by laryngomicrosurgery. METHODS: An intraluminal ultrasonic tomography apparatus was connected to a radial scanning 30-MHz miniaturized probe. Under general anesthesia, ultrasonic images were obtained using the filling method. RESULTS: In cases of benign disease, such as vocal cord nodules or polyps, the layers of the mucosa could be identified. Characteristic internal echoes were noted in cases of hemorrhagic polyps, vocal cord cysts, and vocal cord cancer. In case of hemorrhagic polyps, hyperechoic regions were noted within the lesions. In cases of vocal cord cysts, internal echoes were absent, and posterior echoes were mildly enhanced. In cases of vocal cord cancer, infiltration beyond the mucosa could be visualized. CONCLUSIONS: Laryngeal lesions can be diagnosed by intralaryngeal ultrasonography using the filling method. Although it does not replace the combination of conventional endoscopy and a critical evaluation of the clinical symptoms of the individual disease, it can profitably complement them. Intralaryngeal ultrasonography can help in determining the extent of tumor involvement during microscopic laser surgery performed under general anesthesia. Confirmation of the results of this pilot study with a larger series of patients is desirable.     

“A”型行为与声带息肉关系的研究

从身心医学角度重新审视声带息肉，对313例声带息肉患者与对照组比较，发现本组声带息肉患者中72／具有“A”型性格行为特征。患者植物神经功能紊乱明显高于对照组，符合心身疾病的主要论断依据，应属于副交感神经兴奋居多的植物神经功能紊乱相关性疾病。     

Adult rhabdomyoma of the larynx

Summary A case of rhabdomyoma of the larynx in a 76-year-old women patient is reported. The tumor was localized on the left vocal cord. This case is, so far described, the seventh one of adult rhabdomyoma of the larynx. The differential histological and histochemical diagnosis with granular cell myoblastoma is discussed and tabulated. Both tumors can easily be confused. In accordance with previously reported cases no evidence of recurrence after more than two years could be observed.     

Myxomatöse Neoplasien des Nasenseptums

Myxoid neoplasms are histopathologically divided into true myxomas and other tumors of myxomatous character. In the region of the nasal septum, this tumor entity is extremely rare. In the following two case reports, the unusual findings of a myxoma and a myxoid chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum are presented and discussed. At first visit, both patients reported a slowly progressing, bilateral nasal obstruction. In nasal endoscopy, both showed a smoothly surfaced, spheroid, soft tissue mass in the dorsal nasal septum. On CT-scans, a displacing growth was described for the first patient; in the second patient, a bony arrosion of the floor of the sphenoid sinus was suspected. Both lesions were surgically completely removed. The histopathological diagnosis was myxoma in the first and myxoid chondrosarcoma in the second patient. An early, locally recurrent tumor in the second patient could also be surgically removed. Both patients have been in full remission for more than a year. In spite of the similar symptoms and clinical findings, histopathologically different myxoid neoplasms of the nasal septum show marked variations in growth and recurrence.     

Return of vocal cord movement: an independent predictor of response to nonsurgical management of laryngeal cancers

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether return of vocal cord function after treatment of T2b/T3 laryngeal carcinoma is an independent prognostic factor for locoregional recurrence. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of patients treated with radiation +/- chemotherapy between 2000 and 2005 for T2 with vocal cord paresis and T3 laryngeal carcinoma was conducted. METHODS: Only those patients obtained from the tumor registry with pre-and posttreatment video stroboscopies were included. Patients' charts were reviewed for local and regional recurrence after treatment. Fisher's exact test was used to determine significant association between recurrence and possible risk factors. RESULTS: Fourteen patients met the inclusion criterion. Six patients had T2 lesions with vocal cord paresis, and eight patients had T3 lesions. Fifty percent of patients with T2 and 75% of patients with T3 lesions had return of vocal cord function after treatment. Five of 14 patients did not have return of vocal cord function, and of these, 100% had locoregional recurrence. Of the nine patients who had return of vocal cord movement, none of the patients had recurrence. The proportion of recurrence was significantly higher for those whose vocal function did not return compared with the patients whose vocal function returned (100% vs. 0%, P < .01). CONCLUSION: The immobile vocal cord is associated with a worse prognosis and is therefore factored into the American Joint Commission on Cancer staging for laryngeal tumors. We show that vocal cord immobility is an independent prognostic factor of recurrence even after treatment and can predict treatment failure in T2 and T3 lesions of the larynx.