苯乙炔悬挂取代的热致交联型芴-三苯胺交替聚合物的合成与表征

通过Suzuki偶合反应合成出由苯乙炔悬挂取代的芴三苯胺类交替共轭聚合物聚（9,9-二辛基-2,7-芴-共-N-4-苯乙炔-4,4'-三苯胺）（PFT-PE）, 并通过 NMR和FT-IR对其化学结构进行了表征。结果表明：该聚合物易溶于常用的有机溶剂,可通过溶液旋涂的方式进行薄膜制备。由PFTPE薄膜的吸收起始波长可知其光学带宽为2.82 eV。其薄膜较溶液态的荧光光谱发生了显著的红移并且变宽,说明在固态下聚合物分子链间发生了一定的堆积。由其电化学起始氧化电位可知PFTPE的最高能量占有轨道能级（HOMO）为-5.39 eV,其氧化过程具有高度的可逆性,说明该聚合物具有良好的电化学稳定性。悬挂炔键功能团的存在使得该聚合物无需外加引发剂即可在一定温度下发生分子间的交联反应。     

含二呋喃基苯并噻二唑的聚芳炔类衍生物的合成与性能

以四(三苯基磷)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)和CuI为催化剂,在二异丙胺和四氢呋喃溶液中,采用宽能带的1,4-二乙炔基-2,5-二(十二烷氧基)苯(PE)和窄能带的4,7-双(5′-溴-2′-呋喃)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(FBT)合成了一系列新型聚芳炔。长链烷氧基的存在使得此类聚合物在常用的有机溶剂中具有较好的溶解性和成膜性。通过对上述聚合物的紫外-可见吸收、荧光发射及循环伏安等基本性能进行探讨可知,随着共聚物中FBT含量的增加,共聚物薄膜的吸收起始波长及荧光发射波长均有明显的红移。聚合物薄膜的最大发射峰位于600～650 nm,聚合物中的能量能有效地由PE单元转移到FBT单元上。     

聚芴基苯并唑类共聚物的合成和光物理性能

通过溶液缩聚法合成了一系列不同组分的无规共聚物——聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑-co-聚（9,9-二辛基芴苯并二噁唑）（PBO-co-PBOF）。利用X射线衍射、紫外-可见光吸收光谱、光致荧光光谱研究了不同组分和结构变化对聚合物形态和光物理性能的影响。结果表明：聚合物主链上辛基芴基团的引入使聚合物结构从晶态转变为非晶态。共聚物分子链上宽带隙PBO单元和窄带隙PBOF单元的能带没有完全杂化,在甲基磺酸（MSA）溶液中,当共聚物单分子链的发射在PBOF的摩尔分数χ≥50%时,由PBOF单元起发射主导作用;而薄膜的发射随着PBOF组分的增加而逐渐红移,薄膜中产生了有效的能量转移,但更易形成集聚体。此外,由于质子化作用的存在,相对于在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）溶液中,PBOF的MSA溶液的紫外吸收和荧光发射都发生了明显的红移。     

含萘环苯并唑类共聚物的合成及物理性能

以萘二酸、对苯二甲酸、4,6-二氨基间苯二酚盐酸盐进行共缩聚,合成一系列含有不同萘环含量的聚（亚苯基苯并二噁唑-co-亚萘基苯并二噁唑）共聚物。利用红外光谱、X-射线衍射、紫外-可见吸收光谱、分子荧光光谱等研究聚合物的形态、热物理性能及紫外荧光性能。结果表明：引入萘环后,聚合物分子链仍然保持有序的晶体结构和高耐热性,聚合物的热分解温度保持在550℃以上,800℃下的残炭率达到70%以上。聚合物在甲基磺酸中的紫外吸收及聚合物薄膜的荧光发射光谱均出现红移现象。     

5,8-二(3,4-乙撑二氧噻基)-萘基喹喔啉与对苯乙炔交替共轭聚合物的合成及其性能

合成了一种新单体5, 8-二(5′-溴3, 4-乙撑二氧噻基)-萘基喹喔啉,并通过Sonogashira偶合反应将此单体与带有不同长链烷氧基的对苯乙炔进行交替共聚,得到了聚［(2, 5-二庚氧基1, 4-苯撑)乙炔撑5, 8-二(3, 4-乙撑二氧噻基)-萘基喹喔啉-（PI）和聚［(2, 5-二十二烷氧基-1, 4-苯撑)乙炔撑-5, 8-二(3, 4-乙撑二氧噻基)萘基喹喔啉］（PII）。采用核磁共振氢谱、傅里叶红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、荧光光谱、循环伏安和热重分析对聚合物进行了表征。结果表明：共聚物PI和PII有相似的光学特性,均在490 nm处出现紫外-可见最大吸收峰,在613 nm处出现荧光最大发射峰;热稳定性和电化学活性较好;在-1.0～2.0 V出现电致变色现象,颜色由红色变为深蓝色。     

氟对含噻并[3,2-b]噻吩π桥的苯并三氮唑基共聚物的光伏性能影响

以噻并[3,2-b]噻吩（TT）修饰的二维苯并[1,2-b：4,5-b'']二噻吩（BDT）作给电子单元、TT作共轭π桥、苯并[d][1,2,3]三氮唑（BTA）或5,6-二氟苯并[d][1,2,3]三氮唑（FBTA）作缺电子单元,在三（二亚苄基丙酮）二钯（Pd₂（dba）₃）、三（邻甲苯基）膦（P（o-tol）₃）催化剂体系下通过Stille缩合聚合方法制备了宽带隙共聚物PTTBDT-BTA和PTTBDT-FBTA。用核磁共振氢谱（¹H-NMR）和碳谱（¹³C-NMR）、元素分析、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、热重分析、紫外-可见吸收光谱和循环伏安法等对其进行了表征。系统研究了氟取代对材料的热稳定性、成膜性、吸收光谱、溶液状态下的聚集行为、固态薄膜的光稳定性、能级和光伏性能的影响。研究表明：相比PTTBDT-BTA,氟代聚合物PTTBDT-FBTA失重5%的热分解温度提高了20℃、溶解性明显变差、薄膜态吸光范围稍微变窄、氯苯溶液状态下聚合物链间聚集作用显著增强、薄膜的光稳定性提高且最高分子占有轨道能级（E_HOMO）下降了0.10 V。光伏性能测试显示氟取代使PTTBDT-FBTA基器件的能量转换效率（PCE）提高了49.3%,这获益于开路电压（U_OC）提高了16.9%、短路电流密度（J_SC）提高了13.2%和填充因子（FF）提高了11.8%。     

5，8-二呋喃基萘基喹喔啉与对苯撑乙炔交替共聚物的合成及其性能

利用Stille 耦合反应合成了新型单体5,8-二呋喃基萘基喹喔啉,溴化后与不同长链烷氧基侧链的对苯撑乙炔共聚,合成了聚［2,5-二(辛氧基)1,4-苯撑乙炔撑-5,8-二(呋喃基)萘基喹喔啉(PⅠ)和聚［2,5-二(十二烷氧基)-1,4-苯撑乙炔撑-5,8-二(呋喃基)萘基喹喔啉(PⅡ)。通过FT-IR、1H-NMR等手段对单体和共聚物的结构进行了表征,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱和循环伏安法对聚合物的光、电性能进行了探讨。结果表明：单体和共聚物PⅠ、PⅡ在长波处的紫外-可见吸收峰分别为435、418、423 nm,相应的荧光发射峰分别为551、589、579 nm。2种共聚物均在1.54 V处出现氧化峰,无相应的还原峰。     

钨酸盐与苯并三氮唑协同缓蚀机理的探讨

采用静态挂片法研究了钨酸钠与苯并三氮唑 ( BTA)对碳钢的协同缓蚀作用。实验发现 ,在氯离子浓度为 1 .4× 1 0 -3mol/L的水中 ,钨酸钠与苯并三氮唑对碳钢没有明显的协同缓蚀作用 ;在同样氯离子浓度的水中投加 6.2× 1 0 -5mol/L锌离子后 ,钨酸钠与苯并三氮唑总浓度为 1× 1 0 -3mol/L、Na2 WO4 ∶BTA=8∶ 2 (摩尔比 )时 ,碳钢的腐蚀速率比单独使用 Na2 WO4 或 BTA时有所降低 ,表明两者间有协同作用。利用 BTA溶液的紫外 -可见吸收光谱解释了锌离子的作用 ,根据极化曲线测定及碳钢表面膜的分析结果 ,对 Na2 WO4 - BTA-锌离子的协同缓蚀机理进行了探讨     

侧链对聚对苯撑乙炔溶解性和光谱性能的影响

利用钯催化反应合成了一类侧链含不同烷氧取代基(甲氧基，辛烷氧基，十二烷氧基)的聚时苯撑乙炔，讨论了侧链烷氧取代基对聚对苯撑乙炔的分子量和溶解性的影响，比较了聚合物的紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱特征。     

新型可溶性含氟聚芳醚酮的合成与性能

以双酚AF、1,4-二（4′-氟苯酰基）苯或1,3-二（4′-氟苯酰基）苯为单体,通过亲核取代反应缩聚合成了2种新型含氟聚芳醚酮,由此显著改善了加工性能。采用FTIR、1HNMR、GPC、DSC、TGA等方法对聚合物的结构和性能进行了分析和表征。研究了聚合物的热性能、溶解性、材料拉伸性和介电性。结果表明：2种聚芳醚酮均具有较高的分子量（Mn>6.24×104）;玻璃化转变温度Tg分别为174 ℃和162 ℃,空气中失重5%的温度分别为525 ℃和507 ℃;室温下在N甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）、四氢呋喃（THF）等有机溶剂中均有良好的溶解性,并且可浇铸成有韧性的透明薄膜,薄膜的拉伸强度分别为98 MPa和93 MPa。1 MHz下薄膜的介电常数分别是2.85和2.94。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.