基底节区1H-MRS检查对早期诊断轻微肝性脑病的价值

目的:分析轻微肝性脑病(mHE)基底节区1H-MRS改变对早期诊断mHE的价值。方法:选择肝硬化患者30例行数字连接实验A(NCT-A)、数字符号实验(DST),根据结果分为肝硬化组和mHE组,其中肝硬化组12例,mHE组18例,选择年龄和教育程度相匹配健康志愿者12例为正常对照组;行MR基底节区相同感兴趣区1H-MRS检查,测量双侧尾状核头和豆状核的Mi、Glx、Cho、NAA、Cr含量,计算Mi/Cr、Glx/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、Glx/Mi比值,进行统计学分析。结果:肝硬化组和mHE组Mi/Cr、Cho/Cr比值较正常组降低,Glx/Cr、Glx/Mi比值较正常组升高;基底节区Mi/Cr、Glx/Cr、Cho/Cr比值与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在肝硬化组和mHE组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);基底节区NAA/Cr比值在三组之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05),三组之间基底节区Glx/Mi比值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基底节区1H-MRS检查对临床早期诊断mHE具有重要的价值。     

Value of Basal Ganglia Region 1H-MRS in Early Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

目的:分析轻微肝性脑病( mHE)基底节区1H-MRS改变对早期诊断mHE的价值.方法:选择肝硬化患者30例行数字连接实验A(NCT-A)、数字符号实验(DST),根据结果分为肝硬化组和mHE组,其中肝硬化组12例,mHE组18例,选择年龄和教育程度相匹配健康志愿者12例为正常对照组;行MR基底节区相同感兴趣区1 H-MRS检查,测量双侧尾状核头和豆状核的Mi、Glx、Cho、NAA、Cr含量,计算Mi/Cr、Glx/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cr、Glx/Mi比值,进行统计学分析.结果:肝硬化组和mHE组Mi/Cr、Cho/Cr比值较正常组降低,Glx/Cr、Glx/Mi比值较正常组升高;基底节区Mi/Cr、Glx/Cr、Cho/Cr比值与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在肝硬化组和mHHE组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05);基底节区NAA/Cr比值在三组之间均无统计学差异(P＞0.05),三组之间基底节区Glx/Mi比值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:基底节区1H-MRS检查对临床早期诊断mHHE具有重要的价值.     

血清胱抑素C在糖尿病肾病诊断中的临床意义

目的:探讨血清胱抑素C对诊断糖尿病肾损害的指导意义。方法:检测60例2型糖尿病患者24h尿微量白蛋白(UAER),并根据24 h尿微量白蛋白计量选择性分成三组,其中UAER<30 mg为UAER正常组,30～300 mg/为UAER微量组,在300 mg以上为临床蛋白尿组。正常对照组为正常体检者,每组分别测定血清Cys-C、血尿素氮(BUN),血肌酐(Cr),进行组间比较。结果:T2DM患者UAER正常组、微量组、大量蛋白尿组,正常对照组各组间比较Cys-C水平均有显著差异(P<0.05),且与UAER,BUN Cr有良好的正相关性。结论:血清胱抑素C随肾功能恶化逐渐升高,其灵敏程度高于蛋白尿、血BUN与血Cr,且呈正相关,是一种反映糖尿病肾损害的理想的标志物。     

3.0T多体素氢质子磁共振波谱在评价脑胶质瘤病理分级及浸润范围中的应用

目的 探讨3.0T多体素氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)在评价胶质瘤术前病理分级及肿瘤浸润范围中的应用价值.方法 脑胶质瘤患者60例,其中低级胶质瘤28例,高级胶质瘤32例;所有患者在术前行3.0T l H-MRS检查,检测肿瘤、瘤周区域、正常脑组织胆碱复合物(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)、N-乙酰-L-天门冬氨酸复合物(NAA)/Cr、NAA/Cho的比值.结果 与正常脑组织比较,胶质瘤组织总体Cho/Cr比值升高,NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值下降(P＜0.05);低、高级别胶质瘤组织的Cho/Cr比值也高于对侧正常脑组织,NAA/Cho及NAA/Cr低于对侧正常脑组织(P＜0.05).高级胶质瘤组织Cho/Cr比值高于低级胶质瘤,NAA/Cho比值低于低级胶质瘤(P＜0.05);脑胶质瘤瘤组织Cho/Cr与病理级别呈正相关(P＜0.05),NAA/Cho与病理级别呈负相关(P＜0.05).与对侧正常脑组织比较,低级胶质瘤肿瘤周围区域的Cho/Cr比值升高,NAA/Cho及NAA/Cr比值降低(P＜0.05),高级胶质瘤肿瘤周围区域的Cho/Cr比值升高,NAA/Cho比值降低(P＜0.05).结论 3.OT多体素1H-MRS能反映胶质瘤细胞的生化物质代谢情况,可在一定程度上评价胶质瘤病理级别及肿瘤浸润范围,从而可提高脑胶质瘤术前诊断的准确性.     

2型糖尿病痛性神经病变患者丘脑质子磁共振波谱成像研究

目的 ：采用质子磁共振波谱成像（1H-MRS）研究2型糖尿病痛性神经病变（PDN）患者丘脑代谢特点,并分析其与临床疼痛评分的相关性。方法：选择PDN患者18例（PDN组）,无周围神经病变2型糖尿病患者21例（T2DM组）,健康志愿者20例（HC组）。所有入组对象行双侧丘脑1H-MRS图像采集,所测代谢物包括氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、胆碱化合物（Cho）和肌酸（Cr）,比较各组NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr比值及其与TCSS、LANSS和VAS评分相关性。结果：与HC组比较,T2DM组、PDN组双侧丘脑NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,各组间Cho/Cr比值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,同组内左、右侧丘脑NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr比值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示,PDN组两侧丘脑NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值与TCSS、LANSS、VRS评分均呈负相关（P<0.05）,NAA/Cho比值与TCSS评分相关性最高,PDN组两侧丘脑Cho/Cr比值与各疼...     

胱抑素C对于糖尿病早期肾损伤的检测意义

目的:测定2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴有不同程度肾损害患者血清胱抑素C(CysC)和视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)水平,探讨血清胱抑素C(CysC)和视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)对于早期糖尿病肾损伤的检测意义。方法:免疫透射比浊法测定CysC水平,散射速率比浊法检测血清RBP。同时检测T2DM患者24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER),并选择性分成两组,即UAER<30 mg/24h组、30mg/24 h相似文献   

氢质子磁共振波谱技术对2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者脑内代谢物变化的评估

目的 应用氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)技术检测2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死梗塞侧及对应健侧代谢特点。方法 应用1.5T MRI 扫描仪对2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者24例(DMCI组)、单纯急性脑梗死患者23例(CI组)与健康志愿者26例(HC组)均进行1H-MRS检测,测量大脑白质梗死侧及对应健侧的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)/肌酸(Cr)、胆碱化合物(Cho)/肌酸(Cr)、乳酸(Lac)/肌酸(Cr)比值。结果 DMCI组和CI组梗死灶的NAA/Cr比值较HC组降低,DMCI组梗死侧NAA/Cr比值较CI组降低,DMCI组梗死侧的NAA/Cr比值较对应健侧降低,并且该组健侧与HC组相比,NAA/Cr比值降低。NAA/Cr水平与空腹血糖(FBG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平呈负相关。Cho/Cr比值在3组之间无明显差异,DMCI组和CI组梗死区域可检测到Lac峰,且DMCI组Lac/Cr比值较CI组升高。结论 2型糖尿病的存在可加重急性脑梗死患者神经元的损伤。2型糖尿病患者脑组织在未出现梗塞灶之前可能已存在神经元受损。     

老年糖尿病肾病患者血清甲状腺激素水平与肾功能指标的相关性

目的:分析老年糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清甲状腺激素水平与肾功能指标的相关性。方法:选取120例老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者为研究对象,按尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)不同分为三组,单纯T2DM组(UAER<20μg/min)38例,DN微量白蛋白尿组(UAER为20~200μg/min)49例,DN大量白蛋白尿组(UAER>200μg/min)33例,比较三组甲状腺激素[促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)]和肾功能指标[肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、胱抑素C(CysC)]水平,采用Spearman秩相关系数法分析甲状腺激素水平和肾功能指标的相关性。结果:T2DM患者UAER水平越高,TSH水平越高,FT3水平越低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T2DM患者UAER水平越高,Cr、BUN、CysC水平越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组FT4水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Spearman秩相关系数法显示,FT3水平与Cr、BUN、CysC水平呈负相关(r=-0.746、-0.805、-0.893,P<0.05);TSH、FT4水平与Cr、BUN、CysC水平无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:老年DN患者FT3水平与Cr、BUN、CysC水平呈负相关。     

2型糖尿病患者尿血管内皮生长因子的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨不同尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)的2型糖尿病患者尿VEGF排泄的变化及临床意义。方法:选择正常对照组22例和2型糖尿病组65例,根据UAER将糖尿病患者分为正常白蛋白尿组(23例)、微量白蛋白尿组(22例)和临床蛋白尿组(20例)。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定尿VEGF,计算排泄率。结果:①与正常对照组相比,正常白蛋白尿组尿VEGF排泄率即可见显著升高(P<0.05)。2型糖尿病组内,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组尿VEGF较正常,白蛋白尿组显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),临床蛋白尿组较微量白蛋白尿组尿VEGF显著升高(P<0.05),各组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②尿VEGF排泄率与UAER、血浆肌酐、病程呈正相关。③多元回归分析显示影响尿VEGF排泄率的因素为UAER、血浆肌酐。结论:2型糖尿病患者尿VEGF排泄率升高先于UAER的变化,并与肾脏病变的程度有关,提示尿VEGF可作为糖尿病肾病的早期敏感指标,并可预示糖尿病肾病的进展。     

弥漫性轴索损伤磁共振频谱定量研究

目的采用绝对定量法对早期弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)患者进行质子磁共振频谱(1H-MRS)研究,探讨DAI脑代谢物变化与病情及预后的相关性。方法应用1.5 T磁共振机对来汕头大学第二附属医院就诊的45例DAI患者和20例健康志愿者行常规MRI平扫及双侧枕叶皮质区1H-MRS检查。45例DAI患者根据病情分为轻型组(GCS>8)和重型组(GCS≤8);根据预后情况分为良好组(GOS=5)和不良组(GOS 2～4),检测其脑组织中N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)等脑代谢物,并采用LCModel软件对代谢物的绝对浓度进行定量分析。结果对照组、轻型组以及重型组枕叶NAA、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比较,差异有统计学意义(F=1.02、1.21、0.12,P<0.05),NAA、NAA/Cr三组间两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),重型组与对照组比较Cho/Cr差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组、预后良好组以及预后不良组枕叶NAA、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比较,差异有统计学意义(F=1.12、1.25、0.08,P<0.05),Cr、Cho比较差异无统计学意义(F=3.48、0.42,P>0.05),三组间NAA、NAA/Cr两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),预后不良组与对照组比较Cho/Cr差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),预后良好组与预后不良组比较Cho/Cr差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);NAA浓度、NAA/Cr与昏迷时间及DRS呈负相关,与GCS、GOS呈正相关;Cho/Cr与昏迷时间、DRS呈正相关,与GCS、GOS呈负相关。结论 DAI患者脑代谢物的变化,可作为评估DAI脑组织损伤程度和预后判断的客观指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.