脑电生物反馈治疗不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童效果比较

目的 比较脑电生物反馈治疗不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的疗效。方法 采用自身前后对照设计,收集临床确诊并经脑电生物反馈治疗的54例ADHD患儿,采用SNAP-Ⅳ量表分别于治疗前、治疗结束、治疗后3月和6个月进行评定。结果 治疗结束、治疗后3个月和6个月三亚型患儿SNAP-Ⅳ评分显著低于治疗前(P均<0.01)。治疗结束时注意缺陷型和混合型患儿降低分值显著高于多动冲动型,三组有效率分别为84.21%、60.87%、41.67%,差别有统计学意义(χ²=6.111,P=0.047)。3个月时混合型患儿评分差值(与治疗前比较)显著高于多动冲动型患儿(P<0.01),各组有效率和缓解率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。6个月时三组患儿评分差值、有效率和缓解率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 脑电生物反馈能有效治疗ADHD;对不同亚型ADHD的疗效不同,临床应根据分型选择最佳治疗方案。     

新疆维汉注意缺陷多动障碍儿童各亚型分布及Conners父母量表因子分比较

【目的】 比较新疆维汉注意缺陷多动障碍儿童各亚型分布情况及Conners父母量表六个因子得分差别。 【方法】 收集乌鲁木齐市儿童医院2008年9月-2010年确诊的3~17岁ADHD儿童,分析维汉ADHD各亚型分布情况;然后按1/6比例随机抽取符合入组标准的三型ADHD汉族儿童,与维族所有各型ADHD儿童组成ADHD组,选取同期3~17岁非ADHD儿童作为对照组,比较维汉ADHD儿童与对照组Conners父母量表各因子分。 【结果】 1)符合入组标准的ADHD儿童共1 164人,汉族1 114人,维族50人,其中注意缺陷型485人,多动冲动型127人,混合型552人。2)维汉ADHD儿童各亚型分布不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,汉族儿童以注意缺陷和混合型为主,维族儿童以混合型为主;汉、维儿童学龄前均以冲动多动型为主,小学阶段以混合型为主,其次为注意缺陷型;汉族儿童中学阶段以注意缺陷型为主,维族儿童各型未见差别;冲动多动型多以年龄段比较小的小学和学龄前为主。汉族ADHA三个亚型在PSQ品行、学习问题、焦虑、多动指数和冲动-多动因子等5个因子上均高于对照组(P<0.05);维族ADHA三个亚型中仅冲动型和混合型在品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动及多动指数高于对照(P<0.05),在焦虑和身心障碍因子上无差异(P>0.05)。 【结论】 新疆维汉ADHD儿童亚型分布和相应的行为问题不同,应进一步探讨影响因素以进行有针对性的预防和治疗。     

注意缺陷多动障碍35例临床分析

目的:探讨哌甲酯治疗注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的疗效及安全性。方法:对符合诊断标准的35例注意缺陷多动障碍的患儿采用哌甲酯口服,从每次5mg,每天2次开始,逐渐增加剂量,每天最大剂量不大于60mg,适宜量为0.3~0.7mg/kg.d。结果:治疗前ADHD症状量表(ADHD-RS-IV)总分为(39.11±7.38)分,治疗后为(19.78±7.81)分,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:哌甲酯治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍疗效好、副作用少。     

注意缺陷多动障碍认知水平比较研究

注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD）是一种十分常见的心理行为问题,多发生于学龄期儿童,据国内外报道本病患病率为3％～9％,男女之比为（4～9）：1。美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版（DSM-Ⅳ）根据症状维度将ADHD分为注意缺陷为主型（ADHD—I）、多动．冲动为主型（ADHD-HI）和混合型（ADHD-C）3个亚型[引。不同的亚型具有不同的认知特点,     

注意缺陷多动障碍各亚型感觉统合功能分析

注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童期最常见的行为障碍,主要表现为与年龄不相符合的注意力不集中、多动和冲动.美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版（DSM-IV）将ADHD分为3个亚型：以注意障碍为主型（PI）,以多动/冲动为主型（HI）,混合型（CT）.已有研究发现,ADHD多有感觉统合功能损害,ADHD具有高度异质性,不同亚型具有不同的认知特点,其治疗及预后也有所不同.本研究旨在探讨不同亚型ADHD的感觉统合能力发展水平及差异.     

脑电生物反馈和哌甲酯治疗不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍的比较研究

[目的]观察脑电生物反馈和哌甲酯治疗对注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患儿视听整合持续操作测试(integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test,IVA-CPT)的影响,探讨脑电生物反馈治疗不同亚型ADHD的疗效及特点.[方法]初诊ADHD患儿132例,随机分为脑电反馈治疗组(反馈组,69例)和哌甲酯治疗组(哌甲酯组,63例),疗程均为3～4个月.分别于治疗前后进行IVA-CPT测试.[结果]治疗后两组IVA-CPT各项指标均较治疗前明显改善.注意力缺陷型中,反馈组综合注意力商数改善优于哌甲酯组(P＜0.05),而多动冲动型中,哌甲酯组综合控制力商数较反馈组高(P＜0.05).混合型两组指标无明显差异.[结论]脑电生物反馈和哌甲酯治疗不同亚型ADHD具有不同的疗效特点,临床应该根据不同亚型选择最佳治疗方案.     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的认知功能研究

目的 探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)儿童的认知功能损害特征。方法 应用威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WCST)分别对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童组(ADHD组)和正常儿童对照组(HC组)的认知功能进行神经心理学测试。结果 威斯康星卡片分类测验中5项指标:完成分类数(Categories control, CC)、错误应答数(Responses Errors, Re)、概念化水平(Rfp)、持续性错误数(Preservative Errors, Rpe)、持续性应答数(Preservative Responses, Rp), 在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童组与正常对照组的比较显示, 其差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01);经两两比较不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍组的WCST 5项指标, 其差异亦具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01)。结论 注意缺陷多动障碍儿童存在一定程度的认知功能损害;不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的认知功能损害程度有所不同。     

177例儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的脑电图及神经心理特征分析

目的探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的脑电图及神经心理特征情况,为儿童ADHD的诊治提供参考。方法选取2013年11月-2016年12月北京安定医院收治的ADHD患儿177例为研究对象,根据精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)(DSM-IV)中ADHD分型分为多动/冲动为主型组31例,混合型组95例,注意缺陷为主型组51例。3组患儿入院后均采用日本光电EEG-4418K型脑电图进行测定,并对3组患儿进行视觉-运动整合发育测验(VMI)、联合型瑞文测验(CRT)、反应时测定,比较不同类型儿童ADHD的脑电图及神经心理特征情况。结果 177例ADHD患儿均行脑电图检查,其中79例脑电图正常,占44.63%,98例脑电图异常,占55.37%。异常脑电图患儿中56例轻度脑电图异常,42例中重度脑电图异常;多动/冲动为主型组VMI测定结果高于混合型组与注意缺陷为主型组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);注意缺陷为主型组CRT测定结果高于多动/冲动为主型组与混合型组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);混合型组平均反应时、最快反应时及最慢反应时长于多动/冲动为主型组与注意缺陷为主型组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论儿童ADHD伴有不同程度的脑电图异常,能显示特异性与非特异性改变,并且儿童的视觉-运动整合能力较差,VMI则能反应ADHD亚型中患儿注意力障碍问题。     

专注达治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的研究

目的:评价专注达治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的疗效及安全性。方法:采用前瞻、开放性、自身对照方法,对2005年7月～2006年2月就诊于该院门诊的6～14岁29例患儿采用专注达治疗6周,分别于治疗2周末、4周末及6周末通过专业量表测量、临床晤谈、体格检查、专人定期随访方式进行临床疗效和安全性评定。结果:治疗总有效率为75.9%,把各项因子于2周末、4周末、6周末与治疗前进行比较均有下降。结论:专注达是一种安全有效的治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的药物。     

乌鲁木齐市6~14岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍现状

分析乌鲁木齐市6~14岁儿童不同亚型注意缺损多动障碍(ADHD)的流行病学特征,为帮助ADHD儿童更好地适应学校和家庭生活提供参考.方法 使用Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)从乌鲁木齐分层随机整群抽取的3所小学2 066名儿童中筛选出有ADHD可能的儿童,使用访谈及DSM-Ⅳ的诊断标准确定ADHD各亚型,并考察ADHD各亚型的行为问题检出率及主要行为问题.结果 最终确定ADHD儿童97名,检出率为4.7%.混合型ADHD儿童品行问题、学习问题、心身障碍、冲动—多动、焦虑问题的检出率较高(65.6%,28.1%,59.4%,25.0%),注意缺损型品行问题及学习问题的检出率较高(34.0%,58.0%),多动冲动型品行问题及冲动多动问题检出率较高(33.3%,60.0%).结论 乌鲁木齐市6 ~14岁ADHD儿童行为问题较突出,不同亚型主要行为问题表现不同.     

Survey of ethylenethiourea (ETU) in ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides

Ethylenethiourea (ETU) has been recognized as a compound with adverse toxicological properties. It may occur in ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides as a by-product and/or a degradation product. Restrictions have been issued by the Italian Health Authority to keep the level of ETU in EBDC formulations under 0.5% (on an EBDC technical product basis). A survey was carried out on 85 samples of commercial formulations from the Italian market to verify compliance with the above limitation. ETU was extracted by methanol and determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Three of the 85 samples (3.5%) exceeded the limit of 0.5% established by the Italian legislation for ETU.     

Diagnostic image (5) (Ileum pathology)

In a 28-year-old woman Crohn's disease was diagnosed. She had drug treatment but the situation deteriorated and ileocoecal resection was carried out. In the surgical specimen the diagnosis was confirmed.     

Sorption of Phosphate and Cr(VI) by Fe(III) and Cr(III) Hydroxides

Understanding the chemical behavior and interactions of Cr(VI) (e.g., HCrO₄ ⁻) and other anions, such as orthophosphate (P) with insoluble metal hydroxides (i.e., Cr[III] and Fe[III]) in disposal landfills or in chromite ore processing residue (CORP)–enriched soil is very important in predicting the movement and the fate of Cr(VI). This study evaluates the sorption behavior of P and Cr(VI) by Fe(III) (i.e., ferrihydrite), Cr(III) (i.e., Cr[OH]₃), and coprecipitated Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxides. These metal hydroxide sorbents were synthesized, and sorption of P and Cr(VI) were conducted at different pH using a batch technology. Our results show that P and Cr(VI) sorption by metal hydroxides decreased with increasing suspension pH. Greater decrease in P sorption was observed when Cr(III) was present in the structures of hydroxides. Following the sorption of low concentration of P (i.e., 0.5 mM), the sorption of subsequently added Cr(VI) by hydroxides was less influenced. However, Cr(VI) sorption was greatly inhibited when high concentration of P (i.e., 10 mM) prereacted with hydroxides, particularly in Fe(III) hydroxide system. Results also indicated that high concentration of Cr(VI) (10 mM) could dissolve Cr(III) hydroxide at pH 3 and reprecipitate as an amorphous form of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) compound at pH about 6.5. Although coprecipitation of Cr(VI) with Cr(III) can inhibit Cr(VI) movement through soil profiles, the inhibition seems to be low due to the gradual release of Cr(VI) with increasing pH. Received: 16 April 2002/Accepted: 29 October 2002     

Crusted (Norwegian) scabies in Dakar (Senegal)

Between January 1993 and June 1997, 30 patients with crusted scabies were seen at the dermatological clinic in Dakar (Senegal). Seventeen of these patients were male and 13 were female. Six were children aged 5 to 15 years and 24 were adults aged 18 to 70 years. Diagnosis of crusted scabies was straightforward because this condition, which was rare in Dakar before 1990, has become much more common and is now familiar to Senegalese dermatologists. The infection presented as an extensive scaly or crusted eruption with symmetrical lesions affecting the hands, feet, knees, elbows and ears in particular. Scalp involvement was reported in 25 patients. Erythrodermia was present in 4 cases and pachyonychia in 4 cases. Twenty-seven of the 30 patients had moderate or severe pruritus, whereas an absence of pruritus is regarded as a classical characteristic of crusted scabies. Diagnosis was readily confirmed by examination of hyperkeratotic material under the microscope: numerous mites and eggs were present. The two most common etiological factors were auto-immune diseases (6 cases, 4 of whom were receiving no steroid or other immunosuppressive treatment at the time of onset of crusted scabies) and malnutrition (5 of the 6 children in the study). The other associated conditions identified were: physical debilitation (4 cases), HIV infection (3), mental disability-Down's syndrome (3) and long term use of topical steroids for artificial depigmentation (2). Two patients were immunocompetent and 5 patients died shortly after diagnosis, before any underlying conditions could be identified. Seven patients were cured with benzyl benzoate. Seven others, all adults, received a single oral dose of ivermectin (200 mg/kg) and topical kerolytic drugs. Ivermectin was ineffective in 1 case, and an improvement was observed in another case, although a complete cure was achieved only after a second dose. The other patients were all cured and showed no signs of scabies one month after ivermectin treatment. A recurrence was observed in 3 patients a few months later however, suggesting that these patients were reinfected. No side effects were reported in any of the patients treated with ivermectin.