先天性心脏病重度肺动脉高压对腺苷的急性反应

目的: 探讨先天性心脏病（CHD）并发重度肺动脉高压（PAH）患者对腺苷的急性血流动力学反应。方法: 对25例CHD并发严重PAH患者采用腺苷进行急性肺血管扩张试验,检测其血流动力学指标变化。结果: 25例患者中,仅7例患者达到最大剂量无不良反应。给予腺苷后,肺动脉压力和主动脉压力均显著降低（P<0.05）,股动脉血氧饱和度,肺血管阻力,肺循环/体循环血流量比值,肺动脉/主动脉平均压比值,肺血管阻力/体循环阻力比值（Rp/Rs）均无明显变化。没有患者肺动脉平均压降至40 mmHg以下。12例患者肺血管阻力和Rp/Rs降低10%以上,与另外13例患者比较,二者在年龄,肺动脉压力,肺动脉/主动脉平均压比值,肺循环/体循环血流量比值,肺血管阻力和Rp/Rs等方面均无明显差异。结论: 在CHD并发重度PAH患者中,采用腺苷进行急性肺血管扩张试验可引起肺动脉和体循环压力同步降低,而对肺血管阻力无明显影响。     

西地那非在儿童先天性心脏病相关性肺动脉高压中的应用

目的:观察西地那非治疗先天性心脏病(CHD)相关性肺动脉高压(PAH)儿童患者的安全性和有效性。方法:选择13例年龄<18岁的CHD合并PAH的患者,口服西地那非每次0.25～1mg/kg,3次/d进行治疗。对比患者用药前后的6 min步行试验距离(6 MWT)、平均肺动脉压力(mPAP)、肺血管阻力指数(PVRI)、肺循环与体循环平均压比率(Pp/Ps)及肺循环与体循环阻力比率(Rp/Rs)的变化。结果:13例服药患者平均随访(9.5±6.2)个月,6 MWT平均增加(47.36±15.7)m,P<0.05。其中11例分别行用药前后的心导管检查,检查结果示mPAP从(87.1±8.4)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(82.2±3.7)mmHg,P=0.1;PVRI从(24.5±7.4)Wood units m2降至(20.3±5.4)Wood units m2,P<0.05;Pp/Ps从(0.99±0.09)降至(0.89±0.05),P<0.05;Rp/Rs从(0.91±0.25)降至(0.86±0.17),P=0.5。所有患者服药期间无明显不良反应及肝肾功能异常。结论:西地那非在CHD相关性PAH儿童患者中应用是安全的,能显著改善患者的活动耐量,降低肺血管阻力。     

法舒地尔对先天性心脏病重度肺动脉高压的急性肺血管反应

目的:比较成人先天性心脏病(CHD)相关性重度肺动脉高压(PAH)患者,对雾化吸入伊洛前列素(万他维)与静脉泵入法舒地尔的急性肺血管扩张效应,以评价法舒地尔在CHD相关性重度PAH的急性肺血管反应。方法:回顾性分析161例进行急性肺血管扩张试验的成人CHD相关性重度PAH患者,其中万他维组126例,法舒地尔组35例,比较两组用药前后血流动力学参数变化。结果:万他维组与法舒地尔组用药后肺动脉平均压、肺小动脉阻力、肺总阻力、肺循环阻力与体循环阻力比值、平均肺动脉压力与体循环压力比值均显著降低,且肺循环血流量/体循环血流量比值(Qp/Qs)显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药前后,万他维组右心房压(P=0.056)无明显变化,而法舒地尔组(P<0.01)明显降低。两组患者动脉氧饱和度(Sa O2)、体循环血压、心脏指数(CI)及体循环阻力等差异均无统计学意义。结论:静脉使用法舒地尔可明显降低肺动脉压及肺血管阻力,显著增加Qp/Qs,而CI、体循环血压及Sa O2无变化;法舒地尔可能成为CHD相关性PAH的另一种安全有效的治疗药物。     

阿托伐他汀联合西地那非治疗肺动脉高压的临床研究

目的:评价阿托伐他汀、西地那非、阿托伐他汀和西地那非联合治疗肺动脉高压(PAH)的临床疗效.方法:选择45例PAH患者为研究对象.随机分为3组,每组15例,分别给予阿托伐他汀(阿托伐他汀组)、西地那非(西地那非组)、阿托伐他汀和西地那非联合(联合药物组)治疗,治疗前及治疗后6个月进行右心导管检查及6 min步行距离(6MWT)检测治疗效果.结果:3组治疗均能降低PAH患者肺血管阻力(P<0.05),西地那非组及联合药物组可以降低肺动脉压力(P<0.05),提高心脏指数(P<0.05 ),增加6MWT,其中联合2种药物较之单一用药更能降低肺动脉压力(P<0.05),增加6MWT(P<0.05),疗效进一步增强.结论:阿托伐他汀联合西地那非能有效治疗PAH患者,是一种相对经济有效的治疗方法.     

成人先天性心脏病并发肺动脉高压外科治疗术后不良事件和右房改善的危险因素

目的 分析先天性心脏病（CHD）并发肺动脉高压（PAH）（CHD-PAH）患者手术后不良事件、右房大小改善的危险因素。方法 收治79例CHD-PAH患者。初诊,右心导管检查和吸氧实验,确诊PAH、肺血管反应性,其中13例患者肺血管阻力（PVR）<10 Wood单位、体循环血流量（Qp）与肺循环血流量（Qs）的比值(Qp/Qs)≥1.5、血氧饱和度(SaO2)≥95%,且心功能较好者直接行手术治疗,其余66例患者接受靶向药物治疗3个月后,复查右心导管进行评估手术。结果 术后不良事件发生17例,其中肺高压危象11例,撤机困难需气管切开4例以及低心排综合征2例。53例患者术后右房恢复正常大小。有无不良事件组间比较结果显示:术前PVR≥10 Wood单位、Qp/Qs、SaO2、肺动脉收缩压/主动脉收缩压（SPAP/SBP）>0.75、SPAP、肺动脉舒张压（DPAP）是术后不良事件的影响因素（均P<0.01）,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示SaO2（OR=0.584,P=0.015）越高,不良事件发生率越低;术后右房大小改善是否满意组间单因素分析显示:PVR≥10 Wood单位、右房压（RAP）>8 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、血流分流方向是其影响因素（均P<0.05）,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示其危险因素是RAP>8 mmHg（OR=3.398,P=0.029）。结论 CHD-PAH患者术后不良事件的危险因素是SaO2的降低,影响右房改善的危险因素是RAP>8 mmHg。     

波生坦治疗先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压有效性和安全性研究

目的肺动脉高压（PAH）是先天性心脏病（CHD）常见并发症,需索患者因严重肺动脉高压而失去手术机会。内皮素作为一种强力的内源性血管收缩剂和致丝裂素,可能是CHD患者发生PAH的重要原因之一。本研究旨在探讨先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者应用内皮素受体拮抗剂波生坦治疗的有效性和安全性。方法 2008年5月至2010年1月在沈阳军区总医院先心内科住院治疗的CHD合并重度PAH患者共18例,基础病变均为左向右分流型CHD。所有患者不合并其它系统疾病,因严重肺动脉高压而没有手术或介入治疗适应证并且急性肺血管扩张试验阴性。经临床评估后给予波生坦（儿童:31.25 mg,2次/d,4周后62.5 mg,2次;成人:62.5 mg,2次/d,4周后125 mg,2次）治疗6个月。于治疗前后行心电图、心脏摄片、超声心动图和右心导管术检查检测患者心脏功能和血流动力学变化,于治疗期间每月行6分钟步行距离（6MWD）试验,并监测患者血细胞和肝肾功能变化。结果 18例患者中,男6例,女12例,年龄（28.7±11.3）岁,基础疾病为房间隔缺损（6例）,室间隔缺损（4例）,动脉导管未闭（8例）。治疗前超声心动图示患者右心室直径（RVD）（26±8）mm,三尖瓣返流速度（VP）（5.0±0.7）m/s,三尖瓣跨瓣压差（PGTV）（100±26）mm Hg,左心室舒张末直径（LVEDD）（37±5）mm,左心室舒张末容积（LVEDV）（51±21）mL,左心室射血分数（EF）71%±6%。心导管检查示股动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）88.7%±5.9%,肺动脉收缩压（sPAP）（115±19）mm Hg,肺动脉舒张压（dPAP）（63±13）mm Hg,肺动脉平均压（mPAP）（81±15）mm Hg,肺循环/体循环血流量比值（Qp/Qs）0.76±0.24,肺血管阻力（PVR）（19.6±7.7）Woods。用药6个月后,超声心动图示RVD（24±8）mm,VP（4.7±0.4）m/s,PGTV（93±14）mm Hg,LVEDD（39±4）mm,LVEDV（60±20）mL,EF 72%±7%,用药前后超声指标没有明显差别。     

吸入伊洛前列素在儿童先天性心脏病肺血管扩张试验中的应用

目的:该研究在心导管检查中通过对先天性心脏病(CHD)合并肺动脉高压(PAH)儿童,吸入伊洛前列素前后的血流动力学参数的测定,评价吸入伊洛前列素在CHD相关性PAH儿童急性肺血管扩张试验的安全性、有效性。方法:研究选择2007年6月至2010年5月,于北京安贞医院小儿心脏科住院的左向右分流型CHD合并重度PAH患儿,所有患儿行左、右心导管检查,并采用雾化吸入伊洛前列素,监测吸药前后血流动力学参数改变及不良反应。结果:该研究入选43例左向右分流型CHD合并重度PAH患儿,年龄(8.52±4.76)岁。吸入伊洛前列素后肺动脉平均压由(77.14±12.14)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(69.35±12.14)mmHg(P<0.05);肺体循环血流量比值(Qp/Qs)由1.80±1.26升至3.06±2.90(P<0.05);肺血管阻力指数(PVRI)下降约5 Wood unit.m2〔吸入前(14.51±8.46)Wood unit.m2,吸入后(9.58±7.43)Wood unit.m2,P<0.05),体循环血压无明显变化〔吸入前(83.16±13.69)mmHg,吸入后(83.09±11.03)mmHg,P>0.05〕。以吸入伊洛前列素后PVRI较基础水平下降至少20%以上作为急性肺血管扩张试验阳性标准。肺血管反应阳性患儿31例,占72%,阴性反应患儿(PVRI下降<20%)12例,占28%。结论:对左向右分流型CHD合并重度PAH儿童在心导管检查中吸入伊洛前列素可明显降低肺血管阻力,体循环血压无明显变化,无明显不良反应发生,可作为安全有效的急性肺血管扩张试验的用药。     

单一与联合靶向药物治疗肺动脉高压疗效分析

目的:观察靶向药物单一与联合治疗动脉型肺动脉高压(PAH)的疗效。方法:研究选自2007年8月至2015年12月,入住北京安贞医院小儿心脏科,服用单一靶向药物或者联合治疗,且用药前后均行左、右心导管检查的PAH患者,回顾性分析用药前后的血流动力学及临床症状各项指标的变化,评估靶向药物单一与联合治疗PAH的疗效。结果:入选88例患者,男性23例,女性65例。波生坦治疗组52例,5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(PDE-5i)治疗组19例,联合药物治疗组17例。随访结果示,单一靶向药物治疗组,波生坦与PDE-5i治疗均能改善临床症状,提高患者活动耐量,降低肺血管阻力。联合治疗组,与单一波生坦治疗组相比,活动耐量改善更加显著,6min步行试验距离(6MWTD)(n=13)改善程度更优,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05),肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP)、肺血管阻力(PVR)、肺血管阻力/体循环阻力(RP/RS)下降及肺循环血流量/体循环血流量(QP/QS)增加程度更优,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与单一PDE-5i治疗组相比,联合药物治疗组的总胆红素、SPAP下降程度更佳,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05),6MWTD、QP/QS增加及血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)、血红蛋白(HB)、MPAP、PVR、RP/RS下降程度更优,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:靶向药物波生坦及PDE-5i均能显著改善患者的活动耐量,降低肺动脉阻力以及改善肺循环血流动力学指标。无论改善临床症状还是血流动力学指标,联合药物治疗均优于单一靶向药物治疗。     

先天性心脏病术后合并肺动脉高压心导管检查及急性肺血管扩张试验分析

目的:探讨先天性心脏病术后(CHD-PO)合并肺动脉高压(PAH)患者,行心导管检查及急性肺血管反应试验的临床价值。方法:研究选自2008年8月至2015年12月,收住北京安贞医院小儿心脏科,行左、右心导管检查及急性肺血管扩张试验的CHD-PO合并PAH的患者,监测血流动力学指标变化。结果:入选40例患者,男性11例(27.5%),女性29例(72.5%),年龄6.61~45.51岁,平均年龄(23.6±9.3)岁,中位手术年龄13.4岁;平均纽约心功能(NYHA)分级(1.88±0.68)[I~II/III~IV,33例(82.5%)/7例(17.5%)],术后最短行心导管检查的时间为0.5年,最长为25.4年,中位时间为3.0年。术中无肺动脉高压危象发生,无低血压现象,其中1例急性肺血管扩张试验阳性。心导管检查:基础状态下,平均肺动脉压力(MPAP)为(58.30±21.32)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133k Pa),肺小动脉阻力指数(PVRI)为(16.67±11.64)Wood U·m2,肺动脉收缩压/主动脉收缩压(PP/PS)为(0.75±0.25),肺循环阻力/体循环阻力(RP/RS)为(0.63±0.28),所有患者均被证实仍残存肺动脉高压。吸入伊洛前列素(Iloprost)后,肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)、MPAP、主动脉收缩压(SAOP)、PVRI、RP/RS降低,心指数(CI)增加,且均有显著临床意义(P0.05);平均主动脉压(MAOP)、体循环阻力指数(SVRI)降低,但无明显临床意义。结论:CHD合并重度PAH丧失最佳手术时机的患者,行心脏矫治术后,术后远期随访证实肺动脉压力仍未降至正常,需要长期随访及靶向药物治疗。CHD-PO合并PAH患者,与IPAH相比,其肺血管反应差,心导管检查过程中肺动脉高压危象发生率低。雾化吸入伊洛前列素(Iloprost),在增加或者维持CI不变的前提下,具有良好降低肺循环阻力及压力的作用。     

依洛前列环素吸入治疗对高原肺动脉高压患者血流动力学的影响

目的探讨吸入依洛前列环素对高原肺动脉高压（PAH）患者血流动力学的影响。方法12例重度PAH患者行吸入依洛前列环素治疗,观察吸入药物前后各血流动力学参数的变化。结果吸入依洛前列环素后PAH患者的肺动脉收缩压、肺动脉舒张压、肺动脉平均压、肺血管阻力下降,外周动脉血血氧饱和度、周围动脉氧分压、体循环血流量、肺循环血流量、心脏指数（C I）增加;肺小动脉嵌顿压、心率无明显变化。结论吸入依洛前列环素治疗PAH患者安全有效。     

Predictors of postoperative ventricular dysfunction in infants who have undergone primary repair of a ventricular septal defect

By means of postoperative radionuclide angiography we identified a subset of infants undergoing primary repair of their ventricular septal defects (VSD) who had postoperative morbidity and ventricular dysfunction. Twenty-three consecutive infants undergoing repair of an uncomplicated VSD were studied. Radionuclide-determined postoperative ventricular dysfunction (VD), as defined by a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 0.30 2 to 4 hours after surgery, was correlated with clinical signs of postoperative morbidity. Six patients developed postoperative VD. Clinical correlates of VD included the use of postoperative inotropic support, increased number of postoperative intensive care days, and a low growth rate 3 months postoperatively. Potential predictors of VD were evaluated. A preoperative pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) greater than 3.0 and a pulmonary-to-systemic vascular resistance ratio (Rp/Rs) less than 0.20, taken in combination, gave a positive predictive value for VD of 100%. It is concluded that the preoperative Qp/Qs and Rp/Rs can be used to predict those infants at risk for postoperative morbidity following repair of their VSD.     

Determination of the anatomical size of ventricular septal defects on the basis of hemodynamic data and noninvasive assessment of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance ratio Rp/Rs by Doppler-echocardiography

The pulmonary and systemic flow (Qp/Qs) and resistance ratios (RP/Rs) were determined in children with isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD) to derive an "effective defect resistance" (Rd/Rs) representing the ratios of the resistance of the defect to the systemic vascular resistance. The defect size (expressed as the ratio of the area of the defect to the cross-sectional area of the ascending aorta) was related to the calculated "effective defect resistance," where a significant (non-linear) correlation was found. The effective resistance of the defect is a useful aid for estimation of the anatomical size of a ventricular septal defect. The close correlation between anatomical size and the hemodynamic parameter Rd/Rs allows one to calculate the ratio Rp/Rs with this concept using noninvasive Doppler-ultrasound and echocardiography. This was performed in 21 children with VSD who underwent cardiac catheterisation. The noninvasive calculated flow ratio Qp/Qs and the resistance ratio Rp/Rs showed a close correlation to the values measured at cardiac catheterisation.     

Echocardiographic estimation of a left-to-right shunt in isolated ventricular septal defects

35 infants and children with isolated ventricular septal defects (VSDs) had echocardiographic examination within 24 h of cardiac catheterization. Left atrial to aortic root (LA : Ao) ratio, left atrial internal dimension/meter square body surface area (LAID/m2) and left ventricular internal dimension in diastole/meter square body surface area (LVIDd/m2) were compared with the cardiac catheterization determined pulmonary-to-systemic flow (Qp : Qs) ratio. 35 children with normal cardiovascular findings served as controls. The LA : Ao ratio in the VSD group (1.38 +/- 0.13) was significantly higher than in the control group (1.01 +/- 0.05) (P less than 0.01). Similarly the LAID/m2 and LVIDd/m2 were significantly higher in the VSD group than in the control group (P less than 0.01). Additionally, echographic dimensions were increased in proportion to the elevation of Qp : Qs (r = 0.71--0.73). LA : Ao ratios higher than 1.4 : 1 were generally associated with Qp : Qs ratios greater than 2 : 1. All patients with Qp : Qs greater than 2 : 1 had LA : Ao ratios of 1.4 or higher. This study suggested that echocardiography is a useful noninvasive technique in estimating the Qp : Qs in patients with isolated VSDs, and may serve as an additional clinical parameter in the assessment of patients with VSDs.     

Hemodynamic effects of an alpha-blocking vasodilator in cardiac insufficiency caused by left-right shunt in children

The acute haemodynamic effects of an alpha-blocking vasodilator, nicergoline, observed during cardiac catheterisation were studied in 9 babies and 1 infant (mean age 11 months) with severe cardiac failure due to a large left-to-right interventricular shunt. Nicergoline was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg/mn to 0.2 mg/kg/mn to lower mean systemic blood pressure by at least 10 mmHg. No significant changes in heart rate or in right and left atrial pressures were observed. On the other hand, mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures fell by 16% (p less than 0.001) and 13% (p less than 0.01) respectively. The ratio of pulmonary and systemic flow (Qp/Qs) decreased in 8 patients by an average of 21% (p less than 0.002). This fall was accompanied by a parallel reduction in oxygen concentrations of pulmonary arterial blood (16%) compared with mixed venous blood. However, the Qp/Qs ratio increased in the other 2 patients by over 50%. In the group of 8 patients in which the left-to-right shunt decreased, the ratio of pulmonary to systemic resistance (Rp/Rs) increased by 33% (p less than 0.002) whilst this value fell by 36% in the 2 patients in whom the volume of the shunt increased. There were no discriminatory parameters between the two groups with regards to age, pulmonary artery pressures, the volume of the shunt (Qp/Qs) or level of pulmonary resistances (Rp/Rs) to explain the variability of the therapeutic response on the left-to-right shunt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Quantification of pulmonary and systemic blood flow by magnetic resonance velocity mapping in the assessment of atrial-level shunts

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) velocity mapping to calculate pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp : Qs) in patients with a suspected or diagnosed atrial-level shunt. During a one-year period, all patients referred to our department for further evaluation of an atrial-level shunt underwent the same imaging protocol. Multiphase-multisection gradient-echo MR image sets of the heart were acquired to measure left and right ventricular stroke volumes for validation. Ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery volume flow were measured with MR velocity mapping. Qp : Qs ratios were calculated from both stroke volume data and flow data. Twelve patients, including 6 children, were studied. Six patients had an established diagnosis of atrial septal defect, and the other 6 patients were suspected to have an atrial-level shunt. Measurements of left and right ventricular stroke corresponded closely with those of aortic (r=0.98) and pulmonary flow (r=0.99) respectively, and Qp : Qs flow ratios agreed with stroke volume ratios (r=0.92). In 5 patients with a suspected shunt, the diagnosis could be rejected. Shunts were demonstrated in the other 7 patients. MR velocity mapping offers an accurate method to measure aortic and pulmonary artery volume flow that can be useful in the evaluation of atrial-level shunts, in order to establish a definite diagnosis and/or to quantify the Qp : Qs ratio.     

Pre- and postoperative hemodynamic assessments and survival rates in patients with postinfarction ventricular septal perforation

Pre- and postoperative hemodynamics were assessed in 14 consecutive patients who developed ventricular septal perforation (VSP) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Results were correlated with the surgical outcome and with postoperative clinical improvements. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the time intervals between the onset of AMI and the operation; acute (within 2 weeks after AMI), subacute (between 2 and 4 weeks) and chronic (after 4 weeks). In the above groups, 6, 2 and 6 patients were included, respectively. Eleven patients had anteroseptal infarction and 3 patients sustained inferior infarction. The survival rates were 33, 50 and 100% in the acute, subacute and chronic groups, respectively with an overall survival rate of 64%. Hemodynamic comparisons between survivors and non-survivors revealed that the systolic aortic pressure and left ventricular stroke volume index were significantly higher and the right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly lower in survivors than in non-survivors (p less than 0.05). Although no statistical significance was obtained, left ventricular end-diastolic volumes and ejection fractions were higher in survivors. No difference was present between survivors and non-survivors in either Qp/Qs, Pp/Ps, Rp/Rs, systolic pulmonary pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or cardiac index. Patients with low arterial pressure and high right ventricular end-diastolic pressure under intensive medical regimens, indicating the presence of cardiogenic shock and/or associated right ventricular infarction or severe failure, had a high mortality and should be considered for emergency operation. Postoperative hemodynamics improved significantly in all variables measured (p less than 0.05-0.01). Patients with a VSP should all be considered for surgery unless a definite contraindication exists.     

Noninvasive estimation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure using tissue Doppler imaging combined with pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography in patients with ventricular septal defects: a comparison with the plasma levels of the B-type natriuretic Peptide

BACKGROUND: There are limited data regarding whether the ratio of the peak transmitral flow velocity during early diastole (E) to the peak mitral annular velocity during early diastole (Ea) obtained by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and the plasma levels of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are useful for evaluating the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in children with ventricular septal defects (VSD). We investigated the validity of noninvasive estimation of the LVEDP in VSD infants. METHODS: We studied 48 patients (mean age, 9 +/- 6 months). Using pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography and TDI, E and Ea were measured to calculate the E/Ea ratio. The LVEDP and the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) were determined invasively. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations between E and both the LVEDP value and the Qp/Qs ratio. In contrast, Ea showed significant negative correlations with the LVEDP value and Qp/Qs ratio. The E/Ea ratio correlated significantly with the LVEDP value and Qp/Qs ratio. The plasma BNP levels correlated significantly with the Qp/Qs ratio, although they did not show a significant correlation with the LVEDP. An E/Ea ratio of >9.8 indicated patients with a LVEDP of >10 mmHg with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 80%. CONCLUSION: TDI combined with pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography predicted the LVEDP of VSD infants, whereas the plasma BNP value did not have a significant association with the LVEDP.     

动脉导管未闭并重度肺动脉高压封堵术后肺动脉压力变化

目的:探讨动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)并发重度肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)经导管封堵术后肺动脉压力(pulmonary artery pressure,PAP)变化及其与术后PAH的关系。方法:对111例肺动脉平均压(mean pulmonary artery pressure,m PAP)55 mm Hg,肺/体循环血量比值(Qp/Qs)1.5的PDA患者实施封堵术,术中实时监测封堵术前后PAP变化,术后定期随访并行超声心动图检查。结果:所有患者均成功实施封堵术,术后即刻PAP显著降低(P0.05),但m PAP恢复正常仅37例(33.3%),另有轻度、中度和重度PAH患者51(49.5%),14(12.6%)和9例(8.1%)。随访1~8(中位数4)年。术后3个月共24例(21.6%)患者存在PAH,其中9例术后6个月PAP恢复正常,另外15例(13.5%)PAH持续存在。术后PAP最终恢复正常的患者封堵术后即刻m PAP降低(59±10)%,术后存在持续性PAH者仅降低(24±14)%。术后即刻PAP正常和轻度PAH者术后PAP最终均恢复正常,而术后即刻存在重度PAH者随访期间PAH持续存在。结论:在并发重度PAH的PDA患者中,即使Qp/Qs1.5,仍有13.5%的患者存在术后持续性PAH;关闭PDA后导管测量PAP为重度PAH者,术后PAH不可避免;如果术后6个月PAP仍然高于正常,PAH将持续存在。     

Postoperative hemodynamics after Norwood palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Hemodynamics after Norwood palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have been incompletely characterized, although emphasis has been placed on the role that an excess pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) may play in causing hemodynamic instability. Studies suggest that maximal oxygen delivery occurs at a Qp/Qs < 1. However, it remains unclear to what extent cardiac output can increase with increasing pulmonary perfusion. One approach is to use the oxygen excess factor omega, an index of systemic oxygen delivery, and compare omega with measured Qp/Qs. We measured Qp/Qs and omega in neonates after Norwood palliation for HLHS, and determined how they were related. In addition, we determined the temporal course of surrogate indexes of systemic perfusion in the early postoperative period. Arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference, blood lactate, and omega were recorded on admission and every 3 to 12 hours for 2 days in 18 consecutive infants with HLHS or variant after Norwood palliation. Three infants required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 6 to 9 hours after admission. These infants had higher Qp/Qs, blood lactate, arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference, and lower omega than non-ECMO patients. In non-ECMO patients between admission and 6 hours, omega decreased significantly despite no appreciable change in Qp/Qs. We conclude that: (1) Oxygen delivery is significantly decreased at 6 postoperative hours unrelated to Qp/Qs. This modest decline in oxygen delivery is insufficient to compromise tissue oxygenation. (2) Patients requiring ECMO have significant derangements in oxygen delivery.